Aging & Longevity

Dysfunctional renal tubular epithelial cells, induced by high glucose, are commonly observed in the kidney tissues of diabetic nephropathy (DN) patients. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of these cells often leads to renal interstitial fibrosis and kidney damage in DN. High glucose also triggers mitochondrial damage and apoptosis, contributing further to the dysfunction of renal tubular epithelial cells. Cellular senescence, a recognized characteristic of DN, is primarily caused by...

CONCLUSION: Our study highlighted three patterns of inter-generational interaction, and most of older man and older woman were in the pattern of nearby but discordant. In addition, the two-way tight-knit pattern significantly can decrease gender differences in depression symptoms. The contributors should be taken into account in more targeted intervention strategies for narrowing gender differences in the depression symptoms, which could achieve a gender dividend in the era of China's aging...

CONCLUSIONS: The design and development of the VIeSA intervention using the MRC guidance allowed for a clarity of direction, an optimised content in terms of usefulness and accessibility for all concerned stakeholders, and greater opportunities for its implementation and uptake.

Baobab (Adansonia digitata) is a long-lived tree endemic to Africa with economic, ecological, and cultural importance, yet its genomic features are underexplored. Here, we report a chromosome-level reference genome anchored to 42 chromosomes for A. digitata, alongside draft assemblies for a sibling tree, two trees from distinct locations in Africa, and A. za from Madagascar. The baobab genome is uniquely rich in DNA transposons, which make up 33%, while LTR retrotransposons account for 10%. A....

Lipid enals are electrophilic products of lipid peroxidation that induce genotoxic and proteotoxic stress by covalent modification of DNA and proteins, respectively. As lipid enals accumulate to substantial amounts in visceral adipose during obesity and aging, we hypothesized that biogenic lipid enals may represent an endogenously generated, and therefore physiologically relevant, senescence inducers. To that end, we identified that 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE), 4-hydroxyhexenal (4-HHE) or...

CONCLUSIONS: This data-driven MR analysis revealed SP was bidirectional causally associated with lung diseases, providing genetic evidence for further mechanistic and clinical studies to understand the crosstalk between SP and lung diseases.

Inhibition of CDK4/6 kinases has led to improved outcomes in breast cancer. Nevertheless, only a minority of patients experience long-term disease control. Using a large, clinically annotated cohort of patients with metastatic hormone receptor-positive (HR+) breast cancer, we identify TP53 loss (27.6%) and MDM2 amplification (6.4%) to be associated with lack of long-term disease control. Human breast cancer models reveal that p53 loss does not alter CDK4/6 activity or G1 blockade but instead...

One key limitation in developing effective treatments for neurodegenerative diseases is the lack of models accurately mimicking the complex physiopathology of the human disease. Humans accumulate with age the pigment neuromelanin inside neurons that synthesize catecholamines. Neurons reaching the highest neuromelanin levels preferentially degenerate in Parkinson's, Alzheimer's and apparently healthy aging individuals. However, this brain pigment is not taken into consideration in current animal...

Elaborating and understanding disparities in the burden of cardiovascular disease attributable to high fasting plasma glucose is important to improve diabetes prevention and promote cardiovascular health. In this study, we pool data on 791,373 people aged 25 years and older from three population-based surveys, and estimate the burden of cardiovascular disease attributable to high fasting plasma glucose between 2010 and 2018 in China by age, sex, region and socio-demographic index. In 2018, an...

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CONCLUSION: The simultaneous examination of a broad range of potential predictors revealed that longevity can be achieved under very different conditions and is achieved by heterogeneous groups of people.

BACKGROUND: The worldwide number of adults aged 60 years and older is expected to double from 1 billion in 2019 to 2.1 billion by 2050. As the population lives longer, the rising incidence of chronic diseases, cognitive disorders, and behavioral health issues threaten older adults' health span. Exercising, getting sufficient sleep, and staying mentally and socially active can improve quality of life, increase independence, and potentially lower the risk for Alzheimer's disease or other...

Usage of the phrase "biological age" has picked up considerably since the advent of aging clocks and it has become commonplace to describe an aging clock's output as biological age. In contrast to this labeling, biological age is also often depicted as a more abstract concept that helps explain how individuals are aging internally, externally, and functionally. Given that the bulk of molecular aging is tissue-specific and aging itself is a remarkably complex, multifarious process, it is...

Ischemic stroke and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) pose significant challenges in an aging population, particularly in post-stroke recovery. Using the 5xFAD mouse model, we explore the relationship between CAA, ischemic stroke, and tissue recovery. We hypothesize that amyloid-beta accumulation worsens stroke outcomes by inducing blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction, leading to impaired neurogenesis. Our findings show that CAA exacerbates stroke outcomes, with mice exhibiting constricted BBB...

The intricate spatial configurations of brain networks offer essential insights into understanding the specific patterns of brain abnormalities and the underlying biological mechanisms associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), normal aging, and other neurodegenerative disorders. This study investigated alterations in the topographical structure of the brain related to aging and neurodegenerative diseases by analyzing brain gradients derived from structural MRI data across multiple cohorts (n =...

CONCLUSION: Stroke accelerates the brain aging process, even in patients with relatively small-volume infarcts. This phenomenon is particularly accentuated in elderly patients, and both stroke severity and poststroke functional outcomes are closely associated with accelerated brain aging. Further studies are needed to explore the mechanisms underlying the accelerated brain aging observed in stroke patients, with a particular focus on the structural alterations and plasticity of the brain...

Mediation pathways explaining racial/ethnic and socioeconomic (SES) disparities in structural MRI markers of brain health remain underexplored. We examined racial/ethnic and SES disparities in sMRI markers and tested total, direct, and indirect effects through lifestyle, health-related, and cognition factors using a structural equations modeling approach among 36,184 UK Biobank participants aged 40-70 years at baseline assessment (47% men). Race (non-White vs. White) and lower SES-predicted...

Skin ageing is a phenomenon resulting from the aggregative changes to skin structure and function and is clinically manifested by physical features such as wrinkles, hyperpigmentation, elastosis, telangiectasia, and deterioration of skin barrier integrity. One of the main drivers of skin ageing, UV radiation, negatively influences the homeostasis of cells and tissues comprising the skin by triggering production of immune-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) and pro-inflammatory cytokines, as...

The menopausal transition is a complex neuroendocrine aging process affecting brain structure and metabolic function. Such changes are consistent with neurological sequelae noted following the menopausal transition, including cognitive deficits. Although studies in rodent models of the menopause revealed changes in learning and memory, little is known about the structural and metabolic changes in the brain regions serving the cognitive function in these models. The administration...

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