Aging & Longevity

New immunosenescence targets for preventing senescence-associated pathological cardiac hypertrophy (SA-PCH) need to be explored. In the present study, with physiologically aged human and mouse samples, the IL-17A level increased with physiological aging, heart failure (HF), and SA-PCH and was negatively correlated with thymic Bmi-1 expression. Bmi-1^(f/f)LckCre^(+) mice and Bmi-1^(f/f) littermates were generated to determine whether Bmi-1 delayed T cell aging by maintaining thymic T cell...

CONCLUSION: This study underscores the importance of HDL-C and FBG as critical biomarkers for assessing comorbidity risk in the elderly and reveals the potential application of the nomogram prediction model in the risk prediction and management of elderly comorbidities. These findings support using these indicators in predicting and intervening comorbidities in the elderly, providing substantial evidence for further research and clinical practice.

Over the last twenty years, the United States (US) has seen a significant population migration into moderate elevation locations (defined as elevations 1,800- 2,500 meters (m) for the purposes of this review). While considerable research has investigated how chronic diseases are impacted on acute ascent to high altitude, little research has examined how residing at high altitude impacts longer term health including risk of various disease states and long-term morbidity, with even fewer studies...

CONCLUSIONS: The 20-second vFM test offers a practical, non-invasive, easy-to-implement, and accessible solution for objectively evaluating cognitive frailty, demonstrating high predictive accuracy in distinguishing at-risk individuals. Its integration into telehealth platforms could enhance early detection and enable timely interventions, promoting healthier aging trajectories. Further longitudinal studies are recommended to validate its utility in tracking cognitive and physical decline over...

CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights practical and efficient methods for assessing frailty emphasizing the value of dual-task testing and cortisol measures in identifying individuals at higher risk for cognitive and physical decline. The findings underscore the importance of integrating hormonal markers with cognitive and physical assessments to enhance risk stratification and intervention planning in aging populations.

Intrinsic capacity (IC) refers to physical and mental capacities that determine healthy aging. IC is the central element of the World Health Organization care pathway 'Integrated Care for Older People' (ICOPE). However, the operationalization of a composite IC measurement in clinical settings remains to be defined. We used screening data from ICOPE implementation in a real-life population of 27,706 adults 60 years or older that were users of primary care services to elaborate and cross-validate...

The impact of neural activity on aging and longevity remains poorly understood, with limited understanding of the specific neuron groups and molecular mechanisms that regulate lifespan. In this study, we uncover a correlation between human longevity and reduced CaMK4 expression in the frontal cortex. We further show that this link is conserved in Caenorhabditis elegans, where the loss of the homolog CMK-1 leads to increased longevity and enhanced proteostasis. These beneficial effects are...

Cell death mediated by the abnormal activation of autophagy has been observed in many neurodegenerative diseases. Dual leucine zipper kinase (DLK), a member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade, plays a key role in regulating cellular autophagy and the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. However, its role in age-related hearing loss has not been reported. In this study, we found that DLK, phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK), and JNK3 expression increased in the...

CONCLUSION: These findings demonstrate the presence of obvious fractal physical activity complexity in aged adults with cSVD.

CONCLUSION: While both speech and higher-frequency hearing loss were associated with poorer cognition, only the former demonstrated effects beyond those of ageing. However, the present study only investigated two frequencies in the higher range, encouraging broader investigation of higher-frequency hearing's cognitive effects in the future.

The research focused on exploring the differences and relationships between gut microbiota and metabolites at various stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD), specifically using APP/PS1 mice at the ages of 6 months and 10 months. To assess metabolites in serum and cortex, and to evaluate gut microbiota profiles in cecal content, UPLC-MS/MS and 16S rRNA sequencing techniques were utilized, respectively. Findings indicated that, in comparison to younger mice, serum concentrations of L-Leucine, thymine,...

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays a vital role in non-shivering thermogenesis and energy metabolism and is influenced by factors like environmental temperature, ageing, and obesity. However, the molecular mechanisms behind BAT development and thermogenesis are not fully understood. Our study identifies the m⁶A reader protein YTHDC1 as a crucial regulator of postnatal interscapular BAT development and energy metabolism in mice. YTHDC1 directly interacts with PPARγ through its intrinsically...

Endothelial cell senescence is a key driver of cardiovascular aging, yet little is known about the mechanisms by which it is induced in vivo. Here we show that the gut bacterial metabolite phenylacetic acid (PAA) and its byproduct, phenylacetylglutamine (PAGln), are elevated in aged humans and mice. Metagenomic analyses reveal an age-related increase in PAA-producing microbial pathways, positively linked to the bacterium Clostridium sp. ASF356 (Clos). We demonstrate that colonization of young...

Sex differences in Parkinson's disease (PD) offer insights into mechanisms of dopaminergic cell resilience. Female dopamine (DA) neurons are more resilient via mechanisms that remain unclear. Here, we discovered key sex and regional differences in mitochondrial generation of cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) and their implications for DA neuron resilience using the Drosophila model. While aging raised mitochondrial ROS in DA neurons of both sexes, we observed a sexually dimorphic response...

CONCLUSION: Ferroptosis is a potential pathological mechanism in hearing loss research, and the nine ferroptosis-related genes identified provide promising targets for exploring new diagnostics and treatments for hearing loss. Notably, MEF2C and NEDD4 are associated with ARHL.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), a vital component of the adult stem cell repertoire, are distinguished by their dual capacity for self-renewal and multilineage differentiation. The therapeutic effects of MSCs are primarily mediated through mechanisms such as homing, paracrine signaling, and cellular differentiation. Exosomes (Exos), a type of extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by MSCs via the paracrine pathway, play a pivotal role in conveying the biological functions of MSCs. Accumulating...

Cellular senescence participates in the pathophysiology of post-stenotic kidney damage, but how it regulates tissue remodeling is incompletely understood. Macrophage-myofibroblast transition (MMT) contributes to the development of tissue fibrosis. We hypothesized that cellular senescence contributes to MMT and renal fibrosis in mice with renal artery stenosis (RAS). INK-ATTAC mice expressing p16^(INK-4a) and green fluorescent protein in senescent cells were assigned to control or unilateral RAS,...

Defective ion channel turnover and clearance of damaged proteins are associated with aging and neurodegeneration. The L-type Ca(V)1.2 voltage-gated calcium channel mediates depolarization-induced calcium signals in heart and brain. Here, we determined the interaction surface between actin and two calcium channel subunits, Ca(V)β(2) and Ca(V)β(4), using cross-linking mass spectrometry and protein-protein docking, and uncovered a role in replenishing conduction-defective Ca(V)1.2 channels....

Cellular senescence is the permanent cessation of cell proliferation and growth. Senescent cells accumulating in tissues and organs with aging contribute to many chronic diseases, mainly through the secretion of a pro-inflammatory senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Senotherapeutic (senolytic or senomorphic) strategies targeting senescent cells or/and their SASP are being developed to prolong healthy lifespan and treat age-related pathologies. Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2...

CONCLUSION: The ToC is effective in identifying key characteristics of resources, interventions, impact, and outcomes of integrated care for OP. Our ICOPE program has been strengthened by ToC, which forms an integrated care model for assessment, planning, implementation, and evaluation, adapted to a specific setting, and provides guidance for other areas in similar settings.