Aging & Longevity

CONCLUSIONS: This set of core needs screening items can potentially reduce the heterogeneity of needs and risk assessments across studies and clinical practices and inform the development of a standardized need screening tool.

Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) is frequently comorbid with Alzheimer's disease (AD), and brain endothelial cells (BECs) express genes associated with AD genetic risk. However, the epigenome of neurovascular cells and its intersection with genetic risk remain unexplored. Here, we generated gene regulomes for human BECs, mural cells, and other brain cell types and showed that AD heritability is primarily immune related, with a modest BEC enrichment. On the other hand, SVD heritability is...

The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services' (CMS) Guiding an Improved Dementia Experience (GUIDE) Model represents a landmark opportunity to improve outcomes for persons with dementia and their caregivers and scale comprehensive dementia care through a structured service delivery and alternative payment approach. The National Dementia Care Collaborative (NDCC), a coalition of scientific and clinical leaders in evidence-based dementia care, works to promote comprehensive dementia care. Drawing...

Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS) is a rare, fatal genetic disorder characterized by accelerated aging. The accumulation of an abnormal and toxic protein called progerin within HGPS nuclei disrupts cellular processes, including gene expression and DNA repair. Oxidative stress, resulting from an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and antioxidant defense, is one of the hallmarks of HGPS. To identify novel molecular mechanisms underlying HGPS pathogenesis, we...

One of the key hallmarks of aging is the breakdown of proteostasis-the finely tuned balance of protein synthesis, folding, trafficking, and degradation that maintains proteome integrity and cellular function. In this study, we employed ^(15)N metabolic labeling to assess protein turnover in young and aged mice. Among the proteins examined, cystatin C exhibited the largest age-related reduction in turnover, alongside decreases in other proteins involved in neuroprotection, structural stability,...

Shorter leukocyte telomere length (LTL) is associated with aging-related cardiovascular diseases, but its relationship with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) in high-risk Chinese patients with hypertension under 65 years remains unclear. In this observational prospective study, we investigated 646 patients with hypertension aged < 65 years with diabetes, coronary heart disease (CHD), or ≥ 3 cardiovascular risk factors. Baseline assessments included clinical evaluation,...

Tardigrades survive extreme environments partly through the damage suppressor (Dsup) protein, which protects DNA from ionizing radiation and oxidative stress. Dsup is largely unstructured but binds nucleosomes to shield DNA from damage. To investigate its protective role in a whole organism, we expressed the Ramazzottius varieornatus Dsup gene in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Transgenic worms tolerated x-ray exposure and oxidative stress without apparent toxicity and exhibited a notable...

CONCLUSIONS: The three known factors associated with verbal memory performance (age, sex, and educational attainment) are also significantly associated in Hispanic individuals, including those who spoke English or Spanish as their FSL. However, the strength of several factors differed substantially across groups, including age and sex. The study highlights the importance of considering factors predicting cognitive aging outcomes in large, well-characterized, but separate demographic groups.

Single-cell studies have discovered abundant cancer-associated genetic/phenotypic changes in non-cancerous cells, strikingly contrasting with the infrequency of cancer. Epidemiological data have revealed decades-long plateaus of breast cancer incidence in the contralateral breast and twins/relatives following the first/proband's diagnosis, unlike the well-known continuous increase of population-level incidence with age, the latter ostensibly attributable to the successive accumulation of...

Aging reduces testicular function by lowering sperm quality and testosterone, worsened by diseases. Morphine addiction harms male reproduction by disrupting hormonal balance and increasing testicular oxidative stress and inflammation. Regular physical exercise can help counteract these effects by boosting antioxidants and supporting sperm production. This study explores how exercise mitigates inflammaging and testosterone decline by modulating the NF-κB signaling pathway in aged male rats with...

Aging is a complex process that includes chronological aging and cellular aging. Although chronological aging is irreversible, cellular aging, which is reversible, is closely associated with chronological aging. Understanding the complexity of the impact and mechanisms of aging on the male reproductive function is crucial in maintaining male fertility. This study reviews the effects and mechanisms associated with aging in males on male reproductive health. It also provides potential therapeutic...

CONCLUSIONS: Protein-based multinutrient therapy significantly improved HGS, GS, and IGF-1 levels in patients with sarcopenia, but showed no significant effects on SPPB scores, chair-stand time, or SMI. The included studies were generally of high quality, and the results are relatively reliable, however, more high-quality RCTs are needed for further validation.

CONCLUSION: The Fr-AGILE scale is a valid and reliable tool for rapid, multidimensional frailty assessment in older adults. It provides a practical and efficient method for identifying frailty across physical, mental, nutritional, and socioeconomic domains in Turkish geriatric patients.

Several studies in mice have identified blood proteins that influence brain aging, yet translating these findings into humans remains challenging. To address this gap, we conducted a systematic review that identified 12 proteins reported to have an aging or rejuvenating effect in murine brains. Using protein quantitative trait loci data, we computed proteomic polygenic risk scores (protPRSs) capturing the lifelong genetic predisposition to higher or lower plasma protein levels and their...

CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: eHealth solutions are gaining prominence in improving quality of care and changing how individuals manage their health. However, disparities in digital access, technological proficiency, and eHealth literacy continue to impact on the vulnerable older population. Further research could continue to explore eHealth interventions and support systems to minimize the barriers to eHealth uptake among older adults.

CONCLUSIONS: Incorporating frailty assessment may enhance risk stratification and clinical decision-making in older adults with cancer.

Deficits in cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) may indicate vulnerability to vascular dysfunction and cognitive impairment. Prior findings on age-related change in CVR are mixed, and no studies to date have investigated age group differences in spontaneous CVR (sCVR) at rest. The present study compared whole brain and regional sCVR at rest between 24 healthy younger adults (ages 18-34) and 163 cognitively unimpaired older adults (ages 55-87). Relative to younger...

Isolated atrial amyloidosis (IAA) is a localized cardiac disorder characterized by atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) amyloids deposition in the atria, linked to aging and atrial fibrillation (AF). While monomeric ANP regulates blood pressure, its dimeric form is associated with cardiovascular conditions, including AF. The mechanistic link between ANP aggregation, IAA, and AF remains unclear. Here, we present the first high-resolution structural characterization of ANP fibrils extracted from AF...

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