Aging & Longevity

Aging is a complex process that includes chronological aging and cellular aging. Although chronological aging is irreversible, cellular aging, which is reversible, is closely associated with chronological aging. Understanding the complexity of the impact and mechanisms of aging on the male reproductive function is crucial in maintaining male fertility. This study reviews the effects and mechanisms associated with aging in males on male reproductive health. It also provides potential therapeutic...

CONCLUSIONS: Protein-based multinutrient therapy significantly improved HGS, GS, and IGF-1 levels in patients with sarcopenia, but showed no significant effects on SPPB scores, chair-stand time, or SMI. The included studies were generally of high quality, and the results are relatively reliable, however, more high-quality RCTs are needed for further validation.

CONCLUSION: The Fr-AGILE scale is a valid and reliable tool for rapid, multidimensional frailty assessment in older adults. It provides a practical and efficient method for identifying frailty across physical, mental, nutritional, and socioeconomic domains in Turkish geriatric patients.

Several studies in mice have identified blood proteins that influence brain aging, yet translating these findings into humans remains challenging. To address this gap, we conducted a systematic review that identified 12 proteins reported to have an aging or rejuvenating effect in murine brains. Using protein quantitative trait loci data, we computed proteomic polygenic risk scores (protPRSs) capturing the lifelong genetic predisposition to higher or lower plasma protein levels and their...

CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: eHealth solutions are gaining prominence in improving quality of care and changing how individuals manage their health. However, disparities in digital access, technological proficiency, and eHealth literacy continue to impact on the vulnerable older population. Further research could continue to explore eHealth interventions and support systems to minimize the barriers to eHealth uptake among older adults.

CONCLUSIONS: Incorporating frailty assessment may enhance risk stratification and clinical decision-making in older adults with cancer.

Deficits in cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) may indicate vulnerability to vascular dysfunction and cognitive impairment. Prior findings on age-related change in CVR are mixed, and no studies to date have investigated age group differences in spontaneous CVR (sCVR) at rest. The present study compared whole brain and regional sCVR at rest between 24 healthy younger adults (ages 18-34) and 163 cognitively unimpaired older adults (ages 55-87). Relative to younger...

Isolated atrial amyloidosis (IAA) is a localized cardiac disorder characterized by atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) amyloids deposition in the atria, linked to aging and atrial fibrillation (AF). While monomeric ANP regulates blood pressure, its dimeric form is associated with cardiovascular conditions, including AF. The mechanistic link between ANP aggregation, IAA, and AF remains unclear. Here, we present the first high-resolution structural characterization of ANP fibrils extracted from AF...

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At more than 200 years, the maximum lifespan of the bowhead whale exceeds that of all other mammals. The bowhead is also the second-largest animal on Earth¹, reaching over 80,000 kg. Despite its very large number of cells and long lifespan, the bowhead is not highly cancer-prone, an incongruity termed Peto's paradox². Here, to understand the mechanisms that underlie the cancer resistance of the bowhead whale, we examined the number of oncogenic hits required for malignant transformation of whale...

The generation and maintenance of immunity is a dynamic process that is dependent on age^(1-3). Here, to better understand its progression, we profiled peripheral immunity in more than 300 healthy adults (25 to 90 years of age) using single-cell RNA sequencing, proteomics and flow cytometry, following 96 adults longitudinally across 2 years with seasonal influenza vaccination. The resulting resource generated a single-cell RNA-sequencing dataset of more than 16 million peripheral blood...

Senescent cells drive age-related tissue dysfunction via the induction of a chronic senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p21^(Cip1) and p16^(Ink4a) have long served as markers of cellular senescence. However, their individual roles remain incompletely elucidated, particularly in vivo. Thus, we conducted a comprehensive examination of multiple single-cell RNA sequencing datasets spanning both murine and human tissues during aging. Our analysis...

To assess associations between blood nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) levels and laboratory parameters at baseline and after 60 days of nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) supplementation. Post hoc analysis of a randomized, double-blind, clinical trial of daily NMN (300, 600, or 900 mg) or placebo in healthy middle-aged participants. Among the 80 participants (49.4 ± 6.8 year), the baseline NAD was 7.21 [5.5, 10.6] nM. Every 1 nM higher baseline NAD level was associated with 0.24% (95%CI:...

DunedinPACE quantifies the pace of biological aging. No study has examined its association with cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). Additionally, the physiologically relevant CRF thresholds associated with slow aging remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between CRF and the pace of epigenetic aging, as measured by DunedinPACE, and to identify a CRF threshold indicative of slower biological aging. Here, we analyzed data of 144 older men (aged 65-72 years)...

Experiments on yeast show that the nuclear pore complex has a central role in the loss of chromosomes associated with aging.

In many organisms, aging is a clear risk factor for chromosome missegregation, the main source of aneuploidy. Here, we report that old yeast cells lose chromosomes by partitioning them asymmetrically to their daughter cells together with the pre-existing (old) spindle pole body (SPB, centrosome equivalent in yeast). Strikingly, remodelling of the nuclear pore complex (NPC) and the displacement of its nuclear basket triggered these asymmetric chromosome segregation events. Simultaneously, nuclear...

CONCLUSIONS: Evidence shows a lack of structured long-term care policy in sub-Saharan Africa. Given the increasing demand for long-term care, there is an urgent need for policies that address factors affecting quality of life and ensure better care for older people in these facilities. A protocol for the scoping review was preregistered on the Open Science Framework Registry on 9th September 2023 (https://osf.io/xm8r5/).

Alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency in younger people is well characterized, but the effects of elevated AAT levels in older age are unclear. We examined the effect of elevated AAT levels and mortality in a longitudinal cohort of older adults, alongside high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels. This post hoc analysis of the ASPirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly (ASPREE) trial included 11,879 adults aged ≥ 70 years without prior cardiovascular disease, dementia or life-limiting...