Aging & Longevity

Objectives: This study explores the relationship between social and activity participation (SAP) and subjective well-being (SWB) among older adults in Japan, with a particular focus on differences by care-needing status. Methods: Data were drawn from the 2019 Sakai City Older Adults Survey, including 5469 healthy and 406 care-needing individuals aged 65 and over (65.59% female). An ordered probit model was used to estimate the association between SAP and SWB, which was measured on an 11-point...

CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that ipsilateral sensorimotor activity during the current dexterous task reflects different physiological mechanisms between younger and older adults. When performing the task, younger adults recruited the ipsilateral PMd, S1, and Area 2 by disinhibiting their interhemispheric inhibition to complement for their clumsiness; the ipsilateral PMd appeared important for the interhemispheric interaction, whereas the ipsilateral sensorimotor activity in older adults...

As we age, cerebral endothelial cells (CECs) are less efficient in maintaining genome integrity and accumulate DNA damage. DNA damage in the brain endothelium can lead to the impairment of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which is a major factor in brain dysfunction and dementia. Thus, identifying factors that regulate DNA repair in the brain endothelium can prevent brain dysfunction associated with aging. E2F1 is a transcription factor that regulates the expression of genes associated with DNA...

The expression levels of telomerase exhibit regulatory heterogeneity across different cell types and various biological stages of cell development. The expression of telomerase is dynamically regulated across cell types and developmental stages, with its activity predominantly determined by the abundance of its catalytic subunit, telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT). Telomerase levels are typically high in the pluripotent embryonic stem cells, germline cells, and cancer cells, and silenced in...

Lysosomes are membranous organelles that are crucial for cell function and organ physiology. Serving as the terminal stations of the endocytic pathway, lysosomes have fundamental roles in the degradation of endogenous and exogenous macromolecules and particles as well as damaged or superfluous organelles. Moreover, the lysosomal membrane is a docking and activation platform for several signalling components, including mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1), which orchestrates metabolic signalling in the cell....

Frailty is a multifaceted clinical state associated with accelerated aging and adverse health outcomes. Informed etiological models of frailty hold promise for producing widespread health improvements across the aging population. Frailty is currently measured using aggregate scores, which obscure etiological pathways that are only relevant to subcomponents of frailty. Here we perform a multivariate genome-wide association study of the latent genetic architecture between 30 frailty deficits,...

CONCLUSIONS: SARA-OBS results contribute to defining subgroups of older adults at risk of functional decline over 6 months, specifically subjects with SPPB = 8, affecting GS and the 6MWD. Additionally, the SO subpopulation exhibited a relevant deterioration in physical function as evaluated by the 6MWD.

The degradation of cellular components through autophagy is essential for longevity and healthy aging. However, autophagy function decreases with aging, contributing to age-related diseases. In this study, we characterized a small-molecule activator of autophagy called AA-20 that enhances autophagy and lipid droplet clearance in human cells and in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. AA-20 reduces polyglutamine aggregation in an autophagy-dependent manner in both human cells and C. elegans,...

Ribosome-associated quality control (RQC) is a pivotal biological process that governs the fidelity of messenger RNA (mRNA) homeostasis and protein synthesis. Defects in RQC are implicated in cellular dysfunction and proteotoxicity, but their impact on aging remains elusive. Here, we show that Pelota, the ribosome rescue factor, promotes longevity and protects against age-related pathological phenotypes in multiple metazoan species. By performing a targeted genetic screen, we find that Pelota is...

Gut microbial stability typically decreases with physiological aging. This decline may vary between sexes and can potentially be mitigated by adopting a healthy lifestyle. Microbial guilds, defined as functionally coherent groups of bacteria, may serve as meaningful ecological indicators of aging. This study included 2944 participants aged 51-89 years from the Shanghai Men's and Women's Health Studies. Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and a guild-based approach, we evaluated the associations...

Tissue-resident memory T (T(RM)) cells are a specialised subset of immune cells that remain within tissues, playing a vital role in localised immune defence and long-term immunity. Unlike circulating memory T cells, T(RM) cells do not recirculate to provide rapid and effective responses against previously encountered pathogens at the tissue level. The formation of T(RM) cells is driven by tissue-specific cues, guiding their differentiation and retention within organs such as the skin, lungs and...

High pulse wave velocity (PWV), a measure of increased arterial stiffness, is a risk factor for cerebrovascular disease. PWV can be estimated (ePWV) from age and blood pressure (BP). Elevated ePWV is associated with cerebral small-vessel disease, cognitive decline, and dementia risk in middle-aged and older adults. We examined data from the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) Neuroscience Project to examine the association of ePWV with brain white matter microstructure. BP was measured in 132...

CONCLUSION: These findings highlight a critical transitional phase in kidney aging, where early senescence and oxidative stress emerge before functional decline. COX-2 may serve as a central mediator in this process, offering a potential therapeutic target for mitigating age-related renal dysfunction.

Recent developments in healthcare and scientific research have shifted the perception of ageing from a period of decline to recognising its potential for sustained functional ability, well-being, and societal contributions. In light of this perspective, a multidisciplinary panel of experts from five European countries conducted a narrative review of the literature. It convened for a one-day consensus meeting to identify key barriers, facilitators, and research priorities related to healthy...

Breast cancer risk is transiently increased in postpartum women, and this risk is prolonged in women whose first childbirth occurs after age 30. We observe elevated semaphorin 7a (SEMA7A) in tumor tissues from patients with breast cancer aged 31-39 diagnosed <10 years after childbirth. In the aged normal murine mammary gland, transforming growth factor β+ (TGF-β+) cells have increased levels of surface SEAM7A compared to the young. TGF-β1 induces SEMA7A expression in non-transformed mammary...

Skin ageing is a multifaceted process influenced by both intrinsic genetic factors and extrinsic environmental exposures. This review explores the genetic variants and molecular mechanisms underlying skin ageing phenotypes, while identifying gaps in current research to inform future studies. A systematic search of the Scopus and Web of Science databases was conducted, with articles screened based on criteria including a focus on human genetic association studies and indexing in either Scopus or...

Age-related declines in neuronal bioenergetic levels may limit vesicular trafficking and autophagic clearance of damaged organelles and proteins. Age-related ATP depletion would impact cognition dependent on ionic homeostasis, but limits on proteostasis powered by GTP are less clear. We used neurons isolated from aged 3xTg-AD Alzheimer's model mice and a novel genetically encoded fluorescent GTP sensor (GEVAL) to evaluate live GTP levels in situ. We report an age-dependent reduction in...

Human brains undergo considerable morphologic variation with age, a primary risk factor for neurodegenerative disorders. While aging often causes neurocognitive decline, its governing biological mechanisms remain unclear. These age-related brain microstructural changes may be quantified by advanced diffusion MRI (dMRI) with tissue-specific compartment modeling approach. This longitudinal study investigates age-related differences in hippocampal subfields vulnerable to early stages of Alzheimer's...

CONCLUSIONS: The finding that patients with insomnia exhibited shorter telomeres than those with RLS and OSAS suggests that insomnia may present a higher risk for age-related diseases and accelerated aging processes.

No abstract