Aging & Longevity

Accumulating evidence indicates that biological aging can be accelerated by environmental exposures, collectively called the 'exposome'. The skin, as the largest and most exposed organ, can be viewed as a 'window' for the deep exploration of the exposome and its effects on systemic aging. The complex interplay across hallmarks of aging in the skin and systemic biological aging suggests that physiological processes associated with skin aging influence, and are influenced by, systemic hallmarks of...

Hyponatraemia is the most common electrolyte disorder in both inpatient and outpatient settings and mostly affects older adults, in whom intrinsic factors (such as chronic heart, liver or kidney diseases and malignancies) and extrinsic factors (such as polypharmacy and malnutrition) favouring hyponatraemia are highly prevalent. Importantly, its occurrence is expected to increase exponentially with global warming. Chronic hyponatraemia is associated with an increased risk of falling, osteoporosis...

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Older adults with established cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are at elevated risk of heart failure (HF). Frailty, a hallmark of multi-system aging, may contribute to HF development through inflammation. However, population-based evidence remains scarce. Leveraging data from 49,530 CVD patients in the UK Biobank, frailty was measured by five components: weight loss, exhaustion, low physical activity, slow walking speed, and low grip strength. We employed Cox regression models to assess the...

CONCLUSIONS: The intake of dietary live microbes is nonlinearly associated with accelerated biological age. IR partially mediated the relationship.

The second Biomarkers of Aging Symposium, jointly hosted by the National Institute on Aging (NIA) Intramural Research Program and the Biomarkers of Aging Consortium (BAC) on September 12, 2024, in Baltimore, MD, convened leading researchers, clinicians, and stakeholders in the aging field to share new developments and discuss roadmaps to advance biomarkers of aging. This meeting report summarizes the highlights of this symposium and underscores the urgent need to understand longitudinal,...

Adult hippocampal neurogenesis-the generation of new neurons in the adult brain-declines with age, contributing to cognitive deficits in aging. While the majority of mammalian studies on neurogenesis have utilized inbred mouse strains, these models do not fully capture the genetic diversity of humans, limiting the translational relevance of their findings. The Diversity Outbred (DO) mouse model, a genetically heterogeneous population, provides a promising alternative to traditional inbred...

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Prediabetes, characterized by impaired fasting glucose and/or glucose tolerance, is associated with organ damage, increased mortality, and accelerated aging, even before diabetes onset. Severe short-term energy restriction while maintaining essential nutrient intake is among the most effective strategies for weight loss, metabolic health improvement, and delaying type 2 diabetes progression. Extracellular vesicles contribute to these metabolic benefits; however, the impact of...

CONCLUSION: These results do not support a positive effect of residing at moderate altitude on elderly autonomy and independence, the latter being likely influenced by a combination of environmental, behavioral and social factors.

A scoping review of community health education studies for dementia prevention was conducted to clarify the form, content, outcome indicators, evaluation tools, and effects of community health education interventions for dementia prevention and to inform future research in this area. This scoping review of community-based health education interventions for Alzheimer's disease prevention across eight databases identified five intervention approaches-culturally adapted interventions, health...

The term healthspan has been widely used in academic literature, technical reports and brochures, however, it is unclear if the same definitions and operationalizations for healthspan are being used. The objective of the systematic review (registration number CRD42023404872) was to summarize definitions of healthspan and their operationalization searching using four databases: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus. Out of 14,551 records, 207 records met the inclusion criteria and 187...

The human eye is a complex organ integral to visual perception, comprising multiple structures, including the retina, cornea, and lens. Vision loss affects over 2.2 billion individuals globally, with conditions such as age-related macular degeneration, cataracts, glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy responsible for a majority of visual-impairing conditions. Recent research highlights the critical roles of microRNAs (miRNAs)-small non-coding RNAs involved in post-transcriptional gene regulation-in...

Non-neuronal glial cells in the brain, such as astrocytes, play essential roles in maintaining the functional integrity of neuronal cells. A growing body of evidence suggests that cellular senescence of astrocytes, characterized by loss of proliferative potential and secretion of neurotoxic cytokines, makes significant contribution to neurotoxicity in Alzheimer's disease and a wide range of other neurodegenerative diseases. This review discusses the beneficial effects of Δ133p53α, a natural p53...

Cognitive decline with aging is a complex process involving multiple brain regions and molecular mechanisms. While the role of the canonical protein degradation function of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) has been well studied in the context of aging and age-associated memory loss, the non-proteolytic functions of ubiquitin activity remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated the role of lysine-63 (K63) polyubiquitination, the most abundant form of proteasome-independent...

CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: SPPB ≤11 points and CST ≥11.5 seconds more accurately identified the risk of incident IADL/BADL disability than previously recommended cutoff points. As both instruments were similar in predicting trajectories of incident disability, the CST may represent a more practical choice for clinical screening, given its simplicity and shorter administration time.

Prior research utilizing diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to examine cerebral white matter microstructural integrity among adults has established that increasing age is associated with poorer white matter health. While age effects on DTI measures of white matter integrity have been shown to vary in strength across different white matter tracts, tract-specific effects may be secondary to a global impact of age on white matter health. Furthermore, this global age effect could result in...

CONCLUSION: Across these experiments we show that the impact of aging on cognitive health is not unitary, in that aging negatively impacts the adaptation of motor actions independent of self-control.