Aging & Longevity

No abstract

Specialized ribosomes help determine which proteins are synthesized, however, the influence of age on ribosome heterogeneity and whether dysregulation of this process drives organismal aging is unknown. Here we examined the role of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) methylation in maintaining appropriate translation as organisms age. In a directed RNAi screen, we identified 18S rRNA N6'-dimethyl adenosine (m^(6,2)A) methyltransferase, dimt-1, as a regulator of C. elegans lifespan and stress resistance. We...

Why education is linked to higher cognitive function in aging is fiercely debated. Leading theories propose that education reduces brain decline in aging and enhances tolerance to brain pathology or that it does not affect cognitive decline but, rather, reflects higher early-life cognitive function. To test these theories, we analyzed 407,356 episodic memory scores from 170,795 participants older than 50 years, alongside 15,157 brain magnetic resonance imaging scans from 6,472 participants...

Reduced peak oxygen uptake (V̇O₂peak) is a hallmark of heart failure (HF) and aging, but studies on V̇O₂peak in older HF patients are limited. We compared V̇O₂peak in older HF patients versus controls and investigated differences across the age continuum: young-old (YO, 60-69 years), middle-old (MO, 70-79 years), and oldest-old (OO, ≥ 80 years). PubMed was searched (1967 May 2024) for studies meeting the following inclusion criteria: (1) HF patients with mean age ≥ 65 years; (2) V̇O₂peak...

This study aimed to investigate the dual-pathway mechanisms underlying cognitive-emotional integration in older adults through a 12-week randomized controlled trial. Specifically, it explored how groove music-integrated Tai Chi (GOTC) modulates cognitive and emotional processes compared to conventional music-based Tai Chi (COTC) and a control group (CON), using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and surface electromyography (sEMG) to assess prefrontal connectivity and neuromuscular...

DNA methylation data has been used to make "epigenetic clocks" which attempt to measure chronological and biological aging. These models rely on data derived from bisulfite-based measurements, which exploit a semi-selective deamination and a genomic reference to determine methylation states. We found that non-methylation factors lead to "pseudomethylation" signals that are both confounding of epigenetic clocks and uniquely age predictive. We also failed to predict age using human genotyping...

CONCLUSIONS: The need-based educational intervention, along with the educational handbook, has a positive impact on the QoL of older adults. We recommend formal educational sessions with country-specific guidelines for caregivers of activity-limited older adults in the community to improve their QoL.

CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic primary suture of the common bile duct avoids some complications associated with T-tube drainage and offers advantages such as less trauma, faster recovery, and shorter hospital stay. For elderly patients with clear indications, this surgical method is a safe and feasible option.

CONCLUSION: Multidimensional health promotion behaviors are critical factors in the frailty status of Chinese middle-aged and older adults, and there are gender differences in the age-dependent trends in the levels of health promotion behaviors among them with different frailty states. This informs the provision of targeted prevention and intervention services for middle-aged and older adults.

Background: Cognitive decline poses a significant challenge to healthy aging. While exercise is widely recognized for its cognitive benefits, the comparative efficacy of different exercise modalities and optimal intervention protocols for specific cognitive domains in older adults remains unclear. Objective: This network meta-analysis aimed to systematically compare the effects of five exercise modalities-resistance training, aerobic exercise, mind-body exercise, multicomponent exercise, and...

CONCLUSIONS: Among community-dwellers in six LMICs, DAO was significantly associated with MCI among middle-aged individuals, but not among older people. However, it is important to note that the study was cross-sectional in nature, and thus, it is not known whether DAO leads to MCI or vice versa. Therefore, future longitudinal studies are necessary to clarify temporal associations and possible causality.

Ultra-processed foods (UPF) are increasingly linked to negative health outcomes, including chronic diseases and mortality. Recent evidence suggests that UPF may accelerate biological ageing, potentially explaining their harmful effects. Therefore, this study was aimed to investigate associations between UPF intake categories and mortality risk, examining biological ageing's mediating and modifying effects. We used a prospective cohort design including 172,225 participants in the UK Biobank who...

Vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA) has emerged as a novel therapy approach to restore form and function in patients with severe tissue defects of the face, hand, and abdominal wall, among other anatomical regions. The composite allografts comprise different tissues such as skin, muscle, or bone. Clinical data demonstrate promising mid- and long-term outcomes following VCA surgery, but our understanding of the cellular interactions and molecular pathways in VCA surgery is oftentimes...

Obesity and aging are interrelated public health concerns, with growing prevalence, especially as global demographics shift toward an older population. This narrative review explores the mechanisms through which obesity accelerates the aging process, focusing on major aging pathways affected by obesity, including deregulated nutrient sensing, telomeres attrition, epigenetic alterations, mitochondrial dysfunction, stem cell exhaustion, and altered intercellular communication. Evidence suggests...

Epigenetic clocks based on DNA methylation provide robust biomarkers of biological age, yet the mechanistic basis and functional significance of slowing these clocks remain unclear. Progress has been limited by the lack of short-lived, genetically tractable model organisms with functional DNA methylation systems. The jewel wasp, Nasonia vitripennis, offers a unique solution. It combines a functional DNA methylation system with a short lifespan and established tools for experimental manipulation....

Aging is a risk factor for severe COVID-19, characterized by vascular endothelial dysfunction. Although possible susceptibility of vascular endothelial cells (ECs) to SARS-CoV-2 infection has been suggested, the details of entry into cells have not been clarified. Previously, we reported that in an aged mouse model of severe COVID-19, ECs show a massive viral uptake and inflammatory response. Here, we focused on the endocytic capacity of senescent ECs. We found that the senescent ECs showed high...

As memories age, their immediate retrievability decreases albeit, due to ongoing memory consolidation, their future rate of forgetting weakens. Here, we show in two experiments (N = 1.216 participants) that mentally traveling back in time to older memories' temporal context at encoding reverses the two effects and makes the memories similar again to how they were at an earlier point in time. Mental time travel increased both the memories' immediate retrievability and their future rate of...

Age-related structural and functional deterioration of the kidneys is common among elderly individuals and contributes to increased mortality and morbidity. Mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular senescence are two hallmarks of aging that drive a progressional renal decline; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms and endogenous regulators behind these processes remain incompletely understood. The metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids by CYP450 enzymes produces numerous bioactive lipid...

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is an age-related condition characterized by progressive prostate enlargement driven in part by the accumulation of senescent epithelial cells and their pro-inflammatory secretome. Using human single-cell RNA sequencing and laser capture microdissection, we identified C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 13 (CXCL13) as a key chemokine secreted by senescent prostate epithelial cells. CXCL13 recruits CD4^(+) T cells via the C-X-C Chemokine Receptor Type 5 (CXCR5)...

Background Minor and major neurocognitive disorders, depression, and anxiety are common in older adults. The brain and specifically the aging brain, relies heavily on oxygen and is highly sensitive to reductions in oxygen availability. Hypoxia occurs during both acute and prolonged exposure to altitude. While the negative effects of very low oxygen levels at high altitudes (above 3500 m) on cognition and symptoms of depression as well as anxiety are well-documented, we propose that moderate...