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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurocognitive disorder that affects a significant part of the population. Its symptoms include progressive loss of memory and executive dysfunction. Genetic susceptibility to AD can be influenced by allele variants of the APOE gene. On the other hand, lifelong experiences such as educational attainment, occupational complexity, and leisure activities, known proxies for cognitive reserve (CR), may modulate gene expression, ultimately impacting AD susceptibility. In...

The decline of adult neurogenesis and neuronal function during aging underlies the onset and progression of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. Conventional therapies, including neurotransmitter modulators and antibodies targeting pathogenic proteins, offer only symptomatic improvement. As the most abundant glial cells in the brain, astrocytes outnumber neurons nearly fivefold. However, their proliferative and transdifferentiation potential renders them ideal candidates for...

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the main cause of dementia in the old-age population worldwide. AD is a progressive brain neurodegenerative disease due to genetic and environmental factors that induce the accumulation of intracellular hyperphosphorylated tau protein and extracellular amyloid protein (Aβ). Particularly, cholinergic neurons in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus are mainly affected in AD, resulting in cognitive impairment and memory dysfunction. Therefore, restoration of cholinergic...

Changes in the transcriptome are critical in shaping the structural plasticity of neurons, which underpins learning and long-term memory storage. Here, we explored the effect of two opposing, plasticity-associated pathways-cAMP second-messenger signaling and metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR1 and mGluR5) signaling-on the transcriptome in hippocampal neurons and how these pathways operate in distinct and coordinated manners to induce structural changes. Integration of transcriptome data and...

Cannabinoid receptor type-1 (Cnr1) signalling declines with age, which may contribute to the ageing process, as Cnr1 activity influences several hallmarks of ageing. Indeed, previous studies have shown that mice with a genetic deletion of Cnr1 (Cnr1^(-/-)) exhibit an early onset of brain ageing. However, it is not yet clear whether Cnr1 activity influences life span and the pace of bodily ageing. Thus, we asked whether the life- and health-span of Cnr1^(-/-) mice differs from their wild-type...

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurocognitive disorder that affects a significant part of the population. Its symptoms include progressive loss of memory and executive dysfunction. Genetic susceptibility to AD can be influenced by allele variants of the APOE gene. On the other hand, lifelong experiences such as educational attainment, occupational complexity, and leisure activities, known proxies for cognitive reserve (CR), may modulate gene expression, ultimately impacting AD susceptibility. In...

The decline of adult neurogenesis and neuronal function during aging underlies the onset and progression of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. Conventional therapies, including neurotransmitter modulators and antibodies targeting pathogenic proteins, offer only symptomatic improvement. As the most abundant glial cells in the brain, astrocytes outnumber neurons nearly fivefold. However, their proliferative and transdifferentiation potential renders them ideal candidates for...

Mutations in the mitochondrial genome can cause maternally inherited diseases, cancer, and aging-related conditions. Recent technological progress now enables the creation and correction of mutations in the mitochondrial genome, but it remains relatively unknown how patients with primary mitochondrial disease can benefit from this technology. Here, we demonstrate the potential of the double-stranded DNA deaminase toxin A-derived cytosine base editor (DdCBE) to develop disease models and...

Reproductive aging is associated with declining fertility and increasing inflammation, though these events are not well understood. An exciting new study in PLOS Biology utilizes cutting-edge technologies to characterize the role of multinucleated giant cells in ovarian aging.

Striatal cholinergic interneurons (SCINs) exhibit pause responses conveying information about rewarding events, but the mechanisms underlying these pauses remain elusive. Thalamic inputs induce a pause mediated by intrinsic mechanisms and regulated by dopamine D2 receptors (D2Rs), though the underlying membrane currents remain unknown. Moreover, the role of D5 receptors (D5Rs) has not been addressed so far. Here, we performed ex vivo studies showing that glutamate released by thalamic inputs in...

BACKGROUND: Epidemiological data of populations living at moderate altitudes between 1,000 and 2,000 m suggest healthier aging when compared to people living in lower regions. Besides social determinants of health, lifestyle and cardiovascular risk factors, environmental conditions such as ambient temperature, air pollution and aeroallergens, solar radiation and in particular hypobaric hypoxia may modify the risk of disease development and mortality. The present study was aimed at (1) evaluating...

Extensive research indicates that cognitive interventions can lead to a general improvement in cognitive functioning throughout the lifespan. In this study, we evaluate the causal evidence supporting this relationship in healthy older adults and older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) by means of an umbrella meta-analysis of meta-analyses. The meta-analytic studies were identified through systematic searches in electronic databases (CINAHL, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus,...

BACKGROUND: Cognitive function declines with increasing age and maintaining high cognitive functioning especially at late life remains a challenging question to be addressed. Emerging evidence in the role of mushroom in promoting cognition has been produced from limited observational studies but there is a lack of definitive evidence on both longitudinal relationships from prospective cohort studies and clinical efficacy from clinical trials.

Many elderly listeners have difficulties with speech-in-noise perception, even if auditory thresholds in quiet are normal. The mechanisms underlying this compromised speech perception with age are still not understood. For identifying the physiological causes of these age-related speech perception difficulties, an appropriate animal model is needed enabling the use of invasive methods. In a comparative behavioral study, we used young-adult and quiet-aged Mongolian gerbils as well as young and...

CONCLUSION: The ferroptosis pathway, autophagy-animal pathway, apoptosis pathway, HIF-1 signaling pathway, and longevity-regulating pathway were identified as crucial pathways associated with ferroptosis in cerebral ischemic stroke. Bioinformatics analysis and RT-qPCR suggested that FTH1, SLC40A1, NRAS, CD82, and PTPN18 might serve as potential key targets underlying the antiferroptotic effects of acupuncture on ischemic stroke.

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CONCLUSION: Our complimentary word count and word co-occurrence language analyses of aging well construals revealed stark differences between YAs' and OAs' perceptions of aging well, which raise important questions about intergenerational exchanges and communications about aging more broadly. Further, we found that aging construals of OAs are useful for estimating their future outlook, an important aspect of resilience against cognitive decline and possible entry point for targeted precision...

CONCLUSION: These findings support that Whisper and otter.ai are valuable tools for language analysis in aging research and provide further evidence that automatic speech to text with state-of-the art AI tools is ready for psychological language research.

CONCLUSIONS: Evening PA could be advantageous in preventing frailty conversion among community-dwelling older adults. Maximizing the impact of PA may be effective against this public health concern, physical frailty.

CONCLUSION: Psychological variables capturing beliefs and behaviors regarding old age and aging have been shown to play a pivotal role in development in old age. The current study demonstrates that these variables influence an important aspect of future time perspective, namely, the subjectively expected time left to live. Examining psychological and behavioral predictors of SLE is relevant, as it broadens the understanding of which factors play a role in expanding or shrinking the perceived...