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Although the impact of gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) on spermatogenesis in trans women has already been studied, data on its precise effects on the testicular environment is poor. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize, through histological and transcriptomic analysis, the spermatogonial stem cell niche of 106 trans women who underwent standardized GAHT, comprising estrogens and cyproterone acetate. A partial dedifferentiation of Sertoli cells was observed, marked by the...

The emergence of insecticide resistance has increased the need for alternative pest management tools. Numerous genetic biocontrol approaches, which involve the release of genetically modified organisms to control pest populations, are in various stages of development to provide highly targeted pest control. However, all current mating-based genetic biocontrol technologies function by releasing engineered males which skew sex-ratios or reduce offspring viability in subsequent generations which...

The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signalling pathway, which recognizes both pathogen DNA and host-derived DNA, has emerged as a crucial component of the innate immune system, having important roles in antimicrobial defence, inflammatory disease, ageing, autoimmunity and cancer. Recent work suggests that the regulation of cGAS-STING signalling is complex and sophisticated. In this Review, we describe recent insights from structural studies that have helped...

Over the years, the study of adult sex ratio is a topic that has gained attention for its impact on reproductive outcomes and aging across various insect species. However, there is still limited research focused on insects reared for food and feed production. To address this gap, this study aimed to evaluate the impact of different adult sex ratios on the reproductive dynamics and longevity of the superworm, Zophobas morio (F.) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), a species with interesting potential as...

Biomarkers of ageing (BA) can predict health risks beyond chronological age, but little is known about how marital/living status affects longitudinal changes in BA. We examined the association between marital/living status and BA over time using the-Swedish-Adoption/Twin-Study-of-Aging (SATSA) cohort. Four BAs were analyzed: telomere length (TL) (638 individuals; 1603 measurements), DNAmAge (535 individuals; 1392 measurements), cognition (823 individuals; 3218 measurements), and frailty index...

Human populations are experiencing unprecedented growth and longevity with lingering knowledge gaps of the characteristics, mechanisms, and pathologies of senescence. Invasive measurements and long-term control conditions for longitudinal studies are infeasible, necessitating the need for surrogate animal models. Rats have short lifespans (2-3 years) with translatable cardiovascular systems, and Sprague Dawley microcirculatory preparations are key to studying the oxygen transport mechanisms...

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are implicated in inter-organ communication, which becomes particularly relevant during aging and exercise. DNA methylation-based aging clocks reflect lifestyle and environmental factors, while regular exercise is known to induce adaptive responses, including epigenetic adaptations. Twenty individuals with High-fitness (aged 57.7 ± 9.8 years) and twenty Medium-Low-fitness (aged 57.5 ± 9.7 years) subjects provided blood samples. EVs were isolated from the samples...

Nucleotide availability is crucial for DNA replication and repair; however, the coordinating mechanisms in vivo remain unclear. Here, we show that the circadian clock in the liver controls the activity of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) to support de novo nucleotide biosynthesis for DNA synthesis demands. We demonstrate that disrupting the hepatic clock by genetic manipulation or mistimed feeding impairs PPP activity in male mice, leading to nucleotide imbalance. Such defects not only elicit...

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With the development of deep learning (DL) techniques, there has been a successful application of this approach to determine biological age from latent information contained in retinal images. Retinal age gap (RAG) defined as the difference between chronological age and predicted retinal age has been established previously to predict the age-related disease. In this study, we performed discovery genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) on the RAG using the 31,271 UK Biobank participants and...

CONCLUSIONS: The point prevalence of depression in this multisite sample of community-dwelling older adults in the United States was 6.2%, which varied significantly with demographic characteristics and comorbid conditions. Engagement in volunteering activities might help older adults to reduce their risk of depression.

Pulsating blood vessels push fluid into and out of the brains of slumbering mice

Their keen noses are helping researchers document the diversity of fungi living underneath Pacific Northwest forests