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Thomas Crowther has lost his post at the university but denies any misconduct

Minnesota study adds to growing evidence of human-accelerated erosion, which could jeopardize agriculture

The most prevalent type of dementia and a progressive neurodegenerative disease, Alzheimer's disease has a major influence on day-to-day functioning due to memory loss, cognitive decline, and behavioral problems. By using synchrosqueezing representations of EEG signals classified by fine-tuned pre-trained convolutional neural networks, this paper presents an EEG-based classification model for Alzheimer's detection. EEG signals are converted into image patterns with time-varying oscillatory...

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) as one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders worldwide, characterized by significant memory and cognitive decline in its later stages, severely impacting daily lives. Consequently, early diagnosis and accurate assessment are crucial for delaying disease progression. In recent years, multimodal imaging has gained widespread adoption in AD diagnosis and research, particularly the combined use of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Positron Emission Tomography...

Mapping enhancers and target genes in disease-related cell types provides critical insights into the functional mechanisms of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) variants. Single-cell multimodal data, which measure gene expression and chromatin accessibility in the same cells, enable the cell-type-specific inference of enhancer-gene pairs. However, this task is challenged by high data sparsity, sequencing depth variation, and the computational burden of analyzing a large number of pairs. We...

CONCLUSIONS: The frailty index was cross-sectionally associated with EAA, while only GrimAge and DunedinPoAm38 EAA predicted changes in the frailty index. More research is needed to understand the interplay between pathways.

Postmenopausal women often experience fatigue and mood disturbance both of which interfere with quality-of-life. Since greater physical function aids psychosocial well-being, we hypothesized the acute cardiopulmonary responses during walking may reveal important factors linked to fatigue and mood disturbance. In this cross-sectional study, women of similar body mass index (BMI) aged 55-75 y were dichotomized to mid-life (55-65 y; 83.4 ± 8.4 kg/m²; n = 14) or older (≥65 y; 81.8 ± 10.4 kg/m²; n =...

Changes in the proteome and its dysregulation have long been known to be a hallmark of aging. We derived a proteomic aging trait using data on 1459 plasma proteins from 44,435 UK Biobank individuals measured using an antibody-based assay. This metric is strongly associated with four age-related disease outcomes, even after adjusting for chronological age. Survival analysis showed that one-year older proteomic age, relative to chronological age, increases all-cause mortality hazard by 13 percent....

Incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) is increasing likely due to different mechanisms driving initiation and progression. The initial model proposed by Fearon and Vogelstein posits it as a multi-hit neoplasia, originating from adenomatous-polyps induced by WNT activation, ultimately progressing to aggressiveness through p53 loss. Integrating human data with mouse genetics, we redefine this paradigm, highlighting pivotal roles of MYC, oncogenic URI and p53 degradation to initiate CRC. Early APC...

The large variety of inflorescence architectures evolved in grasses depends on shape, longevity and determinacy of meristems directing growth of the main and lateral axes. The CLAVATA pathway is known to regulate meristem size and inflorescence architecture in grasses. However, how individual meristem activities are determined and integrated to generate specific inflorescences is not yet understood. We found that activity of distinct meristems in the barley inflorescence is controlled by a...

CONCLUSIONS: A valid and reliable 17-item community-level indicator was developed, aligning with the WHO framework and incorporating dementia-friendly elements. This indicator is a valuable tool for monitoring, evaluation, and inter-community comparisons, aiding the development of AFCs and DFCs in aging societies like Japan. Additionally, this indicator can be adapted for other high-income countries with similar socioeconomic backgrounds, healthcare systems, and community structures, providing a...

Age-related skeletal muscle atrophy, known as sarcopenia, is characterized by loss of muscle mass, strength, endurance, and oxidative capacity. Although exercise has been shown to mitigate sarcopenia, the underlying governing mechanisms are poorly understood. Mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in aging and sarcopenia; however, few studies explore how mitochondrial structure contributes to this dysfunction. In this study, we sought to understand how aging impacts mitochondrial...

Aging induces significant alterations in the immune system, with immunosenescence contributing to age-related diseases. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) offer a convenient and comprehensive snapshot of the body's immune status. In this study, we performed an integrated analysis of PBMCs using both bulk-cell and single-cell RNA-seq data, spanning from children to frail elderlies, to investigate age-related changes. We observed dynamic changes in the PBMC transcriptome during healthy...

CONCLUSIONS: The findings reaffirm the interplay and interdependence of oral health and mental health among older adults. Comprehensive strategies that integrate social engagement opportunities are imperative for developing interventions targeting older adults with compromised oral health.

Lysosomes maintain an acidic pH of 4.5-5.0, optimal for macromolecular degradation. Whereas proton influx is produced by a V-type H^(+) ATPase, proton efflux is mediated by a fast H^(+) leak through TMEM175 channels, as well as an unidentified slow pathway. A candidate screen on an orphan lysosome membrane protein (OLMP) library enabled us to discover that SLC7A11, the protein target of the ferroptosis-inducing compound erastin, mediates a slow lysosomal H^(+) leak through downward flux of...

Cells change their metabolic profiles in response to underlying gene regulatory networks, but how can alterations in metabolism encode specific transcriptional instructions? Here, we show that forcing a metabolic change in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) promotes a developmental identity that better approximates the inner cell mass (ICM) of the early mammalian blastocyst in cultures. This shift in cellular identity depends on the inhibition of glycolysis and stimulation of oxidative phosphorylation...

Cancer cells adapt to signals in the tumor microenvironment (TME), but the TME cues that impact metastasis and tropism are still incompletely understood. We show that abundant stromal lipids from young subcutaneous adipocytes, including phosphatidylcholines, are taken up by melanoma cells, where they upregulate melanoma PI3K-AKT signaling, fatty acid oxidation, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) leading to oxidative stress, resulting in decreased metastatic burden. High OXPHOS melanoma cells...

CONCLUSIONS: There is no clear consensus opinion among geriatricians in Europe on the definition of 'cognitive frailty'. While there is some core support for the IANA-IAGG definition, it is not intuitive to those not already familiar with the term. The variance in the current understanding of cognitive frailty among geriatricians suggests the time is right for a meaningful debate on this issue. While there is ongoing, growing research on a shared pathophysiology between physical frailty and...

CONCLUSIONS: The new measure can be useful in a range of quantitative assessments of older people's sexuality and well-being. Furthermore, the concept of successful sexual aging may assist in challenging ageism and in interventions focusing on positive sexual aging.

CONCLUSIONS: In summary, our results indicate that low serum Dyrk1b level is associated with an increased risk of sarcopenia in the elderly, suggesting that Dyrk1b may be valuable as a surrogate biomarker for screening and evaluation of sarcopenia.