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Under proposed policy, updated shots would be limited to at-risk populations

Filters like those used in desalination plants hold promise of separating gasoline components from crude oil

Crustaceans may use unique reflectors to signal mates or scare off predators

The target, flying in a rare quasi-satellite orbit, could be a piece of the Moon

Dysfunction of the glymphatic system, a brain-wide waste clearance network, is strongly linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the accumulation of β-amyloid (Aβ) and tau proteins. Here, we identify an astrocytic signaling pathway that can be targeted to preserve glymphatic function and mitigate neurotoxic protein buildup. Analysis of astrocytes from both human AD brains and two transgenic mouse models (5XFAD and PS19) reveals robust activation of the protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum...

The Miro1 protein is a member of the mitochondrial Rho GTPase (Miro) protein family and plays a crucial role in regulating the dynamic processes of mitochondria and participating in cellular movement and mitochondrial transport. In the nervous system, it ensures adequate energy supply for normal neuronal function and synaptic transmission. Additionally, Miro1 actively participates in the regulation of mitochondrial quality control and stress responses within neurons. Its primary function is to...

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is still an excessively complicated neurological disorder that impacts millions of individuals globally. The ideal defensive feature of the central nervous system (CNS) is the intimate junction of endothelial cells, which functions as a biological barrier to safely control molecular transport throughout the brain. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) comprises tightly locked astrocyte cell junctions on CNS blood capillaries. This biological barrier shields the brain from...

Tremor occurs in various forms across diverse neurological disorders, including Parkinson's disease and essential tremor. While clinically heterogeneous, converging evidence suggests a shared brain network may underlie tremor across conditions. Here, we empirically define such a network using four modalities: lesion locations, atrophy patterns, EMG-fMRI, and deep brain stimulation outcomes. We show that network connectivity robustly explains clinical outcomes in independent cohorts undergoing...

Preservation of synapses is crucial for healthy cognitive ageing, and synapse loss is one of the closest anatomical correlates of cognitive decline in Alzheimer disease, dementia with Lewy bodies and frontotemporal dementia. In these conditions, some synapses seem particularly vulnerable to degeneration whereas others are resilient and remain preserved. Evidence has highlighted that vulnerability and resilience are intrinsically distinct phenomena linked to specific brain structural and/or...

Brain endothelial cells (BECs) in brain vasculature are critical structural and functional components of the blood brain barrier (BBB). Adeno-associated virus (AAV) capsids have previously been genetically engineered to confer specificity to endothelial cells, but these capsids show limited endothelial cell specificity that varies by delivery conditions. We developed a set of new BEC-enhancer AAV vectors that specifically target BECs based on the cis-regulatory elements identified from...

Preservation of synapses is crucial for healthy cognitive ageing, and synapse loss is one of the closest anatomical correlates of cognitive decline in Alzheimer disease, dementia with Lewy bodies and frontotemporal dementia. In these conditions, some synapses seem particularly vulnerable to degeneration whereas others are resilient and remain preserved. Evidence has highlighted that vulnerability and resilience are intrinsically distinct phenomena linked to specific brain structural and/or...

No abstract

DNA methylation clocks have been widely used for accurate age prediction, but most studies have been carried out on mammals. Here we present an epigenetic clock for the aquatic frog Xenopus tropicalis, a widely used model organism in developmental biology and genomics. To construct the clock, we collected DNA methylation data from 192 frogs using targeted bisulfite sequencing at genomic regions containing CpG sites previously shown to have age-associated methylation in Xenopus. We found highly...