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Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) shape brain function through many non-canonical regulatory mechanisms beyond myelination. Here we show that OPCs form contacts with their processes on neuronal somata in a neuronal activity-dependent manner. These contacts facilitate exocytosis of neuronal lysosomes. A reduction in the number or branching of OPCs reduces these contacts, which is associated with lysosome accumulation and altered metabolism in neurons and more senescent neurons with age. A...

Cerebral accumulation of alpha-synuclein (αSyn) aggregates is the hallmark event in a group of neurodegenerative diseases-collectively called synucleinopathies-which include Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies and multiple system atrophy. Currently, these are diagnosed by their clinical symptoms and definitively confirmed postmortem by the presence of αSyn deposits in the brain. Here, we summarize the drawbacks of the current clinical definition of synucleinopathies and outline the...

Previous studies have suggested that systemic viral infections may increase risks of dementia. Whether this holds true for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus infections is unknown. Determining this is important for anticipating the potential future incidence of dementia. To begin to do this, we measured plasma biomarkers linked to Alzheimer's disease pathology in the UK Biobank before and after serology-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections. SARS-CoV-2 infection was...

Endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs), a unique endothelial progenitor subset, are essential for vascular integrity and repair, providing significant regenerative potential. Recent studies highlight their role in cerebrovascular aging, particularly in the pathogenesis of vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID). Aging disrupts ECFC functionality through mechanisms such as oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, and cellular senescence, leading to compromised vascular repair and...

Research in aging often refers to animal models, particularly C57BL/6J (B6J) mice, considered gold standard. However, B6J mice are distributed by different suppliers, which results in divers substrains exhibiting notable phenotypic differences. To ensure a suitable phenotype of cardiac aging, we performed heart analyses of young (5 months) and old B6J mice (24 months) from two substrains: B6JRj (Janvier) and B6JCrl mice (Charles River). In hearts of both substrains, myocardial fibrosis increased...

The neuromuscular junction shows several degenerative changes with aging, resulting in a reduction of transmission efficacy. These changes, paired with low-grade chronic inflammation, were considered triggers of the aging muscle processes. The main objective of this study is to assess the role of leukocyte count-derived ratios, nerve conduction velocity (NCV), and compound muscle action potential (CMAP) in determining time-dependent reduction in lower limb muscle explosive strength, a condition...

Inhibition of the target of rapamycin (TOR/mTOR) protein kinase by the drug rapamycin extends lifespan and health span across diverse species. However, rapamycin has potential off-target and side effects that warrant the discovery of additional TOR inhibitors. TOR was initially discovered in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast) which contains two TOR paralogs, TOR1 and TOR2. Yeast lacking functional Tor1 are viable but are hypersensitive to growth inhibition by TORC1 inhibitors, which is a property...

Nicotinamide (NAM), a main precursor of NAD+, is essential for cellular fuel respiration, energy production, and other cellular processes. Transporters for other precursors of NAD+ such as nicotinic acid and nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) have been identified, but the cellular transporter of nicotinamide has not been elucidated. Here, we demonstrate that equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 and 2 (ENT1 and 2, encoded by SLC29A1 and 2) drive cellular nicotinamide uptake and establish...

Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) shape brain function through many non-canonical regulatory mechanisms beyond myelination. Here we show that OPCs form contacts with their processes on neuronal somata in a neuronal activity-dependent manner. These contacts facilitate exocytosis of neuronal lysosomes. A reduction in the number or branching of OPCs reduces these contacts, which is associated with lysosome accumulation and altered metabolism in neurons and more senescent neurons with age. A...

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CONCLUSIONS: Studies have shown that indoor ventilation frequency can improve cognitive function by reducing anxiety and improving self-rated health in older people Chinese. Encouraging older adults to increase the frequency of indoor ventilation will benefit their mental health and cognitive function.

CONCLUSION: The knowledge of the meanings that oldest old give to the two concepts may inspire advanced intervention aimed at buffering the psychological and social consequences of loneliness and social isolation in the older population.

Aging is a complex process that affects multiple organs, and the discovery of a pharmacological approach to ameliorate aging is considered the Holy Grail of medicine. Here, we performed an N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea forward genetic screening in zebrafish and identified an accelerated aging mutant named meteor (met), harboring a mutation in the Werner syndrome RecQ-like helicase (wrn) gene. Loss of wrn leads to a short lifespan and age-related characteristics in the intestine of zebrafish embryos,...

HIV-1 envelope broadly neutralizing antibodies represent a promising component of HIV-1 cure strategies. To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of combination monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in a rigorous nonhuman primate model, we tested different combinations of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) neutralizing mAbs in SIVmac251-infected rhesus macaques. Antiretroviral therapy-suppressed animals received anti-SIV mAbs targeting multiple Env epitopes spanning analytical treatment interruption (ATI)...

Assessing sex as a biological variable is critical to determining the influence of environmental and lifestyle risks and protective factors mediating behavior and neuroplasticity across the lifespan. We investigated sex differences in affective behavior, memory, and hippocampal neurogenesis following short- or long-term exposure to exercise or chronic mild stress in young and aged mice. Male and female mice were assigned control, running, or chronic stress rearing conditions for 1 month (young)...

CONCLUSION: Years of education are longitudinally associated with the diet of older adults in the slow cognitive decline group. Food diversity partially mediates the relationship between years of education and cognitive trajectories. Interventions targeting education and dietary behaviors may help alleviate cognitive decline in older adults.

Cognitive impairment, marked by a decline in essential mental aspects such as attention, memory, and problem-solving, is significantly correlated with advancing age. This condition presents a major challenge for the elderly, adversely affecting quality of life, diminishing independence, and imposing substantial burdens on healthcare systems. Recent research indicates that vitamin K2 may be vital for preserving brain health and cognitive function. Traditionally recognized primarily for its role...