Aging & Longevity

Mammalian Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) and Drosophila Yorkie (Yki) are transcription cofactors of the highly conserved Hippo signaling pathway. It has been long assumed that the YAP/TAZ/Yki signaling drives cell proliferation during organ growth. However, its instructive role in regulating developmentally programmed organ growth, if any, remains elusive. Out-of-context gain of YAP/TAZ/Yki signaling often turns oncogenic. Paradoxically,...

In contrast with sun exposure-induced melanoma, rarer melanocytic tumors and neoplasms with low mutational burden present opportunities to study isolated signaling mechanisms. These include uveal melanoma and blue nevi, which are often driven by mutations within the G protein-coupled signaling cascade downstream of cysteinyl leukotriene receptor 2. Here, we review how the same mutations within this pathway drive the growth of melanocytes in one tissue but can inhibit the growth of those in...

While structural and biochemical brain changes are well-documented in ageing, functional neuronal network differences, as indicated by electrophysiological markers, are less clear. Moreover, age-related changes in sustained attention and their associated electrophysiological correlates are still poorly understood. To address this, we analysed cross-sectional baseline electroencephalography (EEG) and cognitive data from the Lifestyle Intervention Study for Dementia Risk Reduction (LEISURE)....

Iron overload and cellular senescence have been implicated in liver fibrosis, but their possible mechanistic connection has not been explored. To address this, we have delved into the role of iron and senescence in an experimental model of chronic liver injury, analyzing whether an iron chelator would prevent liver fibrosis by decreasing hepatocyte senescence. The model of carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)) in mice was used as an experimental model of liver fibrosis. Results demonstrated that during...

T cell senescence alters the homeostasis of distinct T cell populations and results in decayed adaptive immune protection in older individuals, but a link between aging and dynamic T cell clone changes has not been made. Here, using a newly developed computational framework, Repertoire Functional Units (RFU), we investigate over 6500 publicly available TCR repertoire sequencing samples from multiple human cohorts and identify age-associated RFUs consistently across different cohorts....

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CONCLUSION: This study highlights the significant association between osteoporosis and the physical component of QoL in both older men and women, particularly among women. Further research and interventions focusing on enhancing physical QoL in individuals with osteoporosis are warranted to promote healthier aging.

CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that widowhood is significantly associated with cognitive impairment in older adults with hearing impairment. Social support and participation help mitigate this risk. Strategies should prioritize early screening, specialized cognitive rehabilitation, comprehensive care, and enhancing social support and participation to maintain cognitive health in this vulnerable population following widowhood.

Skin aging has been associated with the onset of various skin issues, and recent studies have identified an increase in Cdc42 activity in naturally aging mice. While previous literature has suggested that CASIN, a specific inhibitor of Cdc42 activity, may possess anti-aging properties, its specific effects on the epidermis and dermis, as well as the underlying mechanisms in naturally aging mice, remain unclear. Our study revealed that CASIN demonstrated the ability to increase epidermal and...