Aging & Longevity

Endothelial cell senescence is a key driver of cardiovascular aging, yet little is known about the mechanisms by which it is induced in vivo. Here we show that the gut bacterial metabolite phenylacetic acid (PAA) and its byproduct, phenylacetylglutamine (PAGln), are elevated in aged humans and mice. Metagenomic analyses reveal an age-related increase in PAA-producing microbial pathways, positively linked to the bacterium Clostridium sp. ASF356 (Clos). We demonstrate that colonization of young...

Sex differences in Parkinson's disease (PD) offer insights into mechanisms of dopaminergic cell resilience. Female dopamine (DA) neurons are more resilient via mechanisms that remain unclear. Here, we discovered key sex and regional differences in mitochondrial generation of cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) and their implications for DA neuron resilience using the Drosophila model. While aging raised mitochondrial ROS in DA neurons of both sexes, we observed a sexually dimorphic response...

CONCLUSION: Ferroptosis is a potential pathological mechanism in hearing loss research, and the nine ferroptosis-related genes identified provide promising targets for exploring new diagnostics and treatments for hearing loss. Notably, MEF2C and NEDD4 are associated with ARHL.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), a vital component of the adult stem cell repertoire, are distinguished by their dual capacity for self-renewal and multilineage differentiation. The therapeutic effects of MSCs are primarily mediated through mechanisms such as homing, paracrine signaling, and cellular differentiation. Exosomes (Exos), a type of extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by MSCs via the paracrine pathway, play a pivotal role in conveying the biological functions of MSCs. Accumulating...

Cellular senescence participates in the pathophysiology of post-stenotic kidney damage, but how it regulates tissue remodeling is incompletely understood. Macrophage-myofibroblast transition (MMT) contributes to the development of tissue fibrosis. We hypothesized that cellular senescence contributes to MMT and renal fibrosis in mice with renal artery stenosis (RAS). INK-ATTAC mice expressing p16^(INK-4a) and green fluorescent protein in senescent cells were assigned to control or unilateral RAS,...

Defective ion channel turnover and clearance of damaged proteins are associated with aging and neurodegeneration. The L-type Ca(V)1.2 voltage-gated calcium channel mediates depolarization-induced calcium signals in heart and brain. Here, we determined the interaction surface between actin and two calcium channel subunits, Ca(V)β(2) and Ca(V)β(4), using cross-linking mass spectrometry and protein-protein docking, and uncovered a role in replenishing conduction-defective Ca(V)1.2 channels....

Cellular senescence is the permanent cessation of cell proliferation and growth. Senescent cells accumulating in tissues and organs with aging contribute to many chronic diseases, mainly through the secretion of a pro-inflammatory senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Senotherapeutic (senolytic or senomorphic) strategies targeting senescent cells or/and their SASP are being developed to prolong healthy lifespan and treat age-related pathologies. Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2...

CONCLUSION: The ToC is effective in identifying key characteristics of resources, interventions, impact, and outcomes of integrated care for OP. Our ICOPE program has been strengthened by ToC, which forms an integrated care model for assessment, planning, implementation, and evaluation, adapted to a specific setting, and provides guidance for other areas in similar settings.

CONCLUSION: The AMS was developed to identify older adults with PCML. The reliability and validity of the AMS and its interpretation strategies will be evaluated as the screening protocol is piloted.

Word-finding difficulty is a common challenge in older age and is linked to various neuropathological conditions associated with ageing. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has shown promise as a cognitive enhancement tool for both healthy aging and age- related cognitive disorders. However, its effectiveness in enhancing word-finding ability remains inconsistent, especially among healthy adults. Variability across studies is likely due to factors such as task selection, stimulation...

CONCLUSIONS: Men and later-born cohorts experienced significantly better mental and cognitive health than women and earlier-born cohorts. Age- and gender-related changes in mental and cognitive health in later life should be considered within the socio-culturally contextualized birth cohort.

Aging is accompanied by widespread DNA methylation changes across the genome. While age-related methylation studies typically focus on individual CpGs, cluster analysis provides more robust data and improved interpretation. We characterized age-associated CpG-cluster methylation changes in mouse spleens, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and livers. We identified a novel signature termed blanket methylations (BMs), fully methylated CpG clusters absent in young tissues but appearing in aged...

Appetite loss is a common clinical condition in older adulthood, but how this condition associates with biological aging remains unknown. The present study aims to examine the associations of biological aging markers with appetite loss in community-dwelling people aged 21 to 102 years. This retrospective case-control study used baseline data from the INSPIRE-T cohort in Toulouse, France. Each of the 49 cases with appetite loss was sex- and age-matched to two controls without appetite loss (n =...

Pathophysiological mechanisms underlying hematoma expansion in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) remain poorly understood, and most data are derived from postmortem studies or serial neuroimaging studies performed over hours to days from onset. Our unique case report of a hypertensive ICH serendipitously captured by serial CT provides valuable in vivo data from the very onset of hematoma formation in an aging individual. A 76-year-old hypertensive man underwent elective carotid CT...

CONCLUSION: We found that a large proportion of caregiving relationships were best described as a network that frequently included multiple caregivers, multiple care receivers, and some in both roles, as well as non-kin and extended relative participants. This characterization of care relationships allows us to better understand the needs of older adults and their caregivers as the population ages and care shifts towards aging-in-place strategies.

Implicit Motor Sequence Learning (IMSL) is critical for automating motor skills, yet it declines with age, impacting independence and quality of life. This study investigated the age-specific roles of the primary motor cortex (M1) and supplementary motor area (SMA) in IMSL using a novel concurrent transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) approach. Twenty younger adults (21-32 years old [M = 24.3 ± 3.26]) and twenty older adults (60-76 years...

Anode-free sodium batteries (AFNBs) are regarded as promising alternatives for next-generation energy storage systems because of their high energy density, high safety, cost-effectiveness, and simple manufacturing processes. However, their practical application is limited by a low coulombic efficiency (CE) and a short lifespan resulting from a large volume change and the growth of Na dendrites. Here, we propose a three-dimensional versatile host composed of interconnected N,P-codoped carbon...

Skin aging is a complex process driven by intrinsic genetic factors and extrinsic environmental influences. In this study, sequestosome1 (SQSTM1/p62) was identified as a key regulator of senescence, the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), and skin aging. Notably, p62 expression is reduced in senescent cells and aging skin of both humans and mice. The depletion of p62 in the epidermis was found to be positively associated with accelerated aging and the initiation of SASP....

CONCLUSIONS: Like the challenges facing the aging civilian population, the VHA faces the test of meeting the growing demand for HCBS. Understanding these dynamics is essential to ensuring that HCBS is both accessible and effective in supporting Veterans.

CONCLUSIONS: Although it may be difficult for residents with dementia to maintain their social networks as part of their illness, there are numerous ties that attest to the social roles of persons with dementia in the community. These ties can be used to provide person-centred care, but are also an important resource in finding and retaining personnel and volunteers.