Aging & Longevity

Fullerene derivatives are widely employed as efficient electron-transporting layers (ETLs) in p-i-n perovskite photovoltaics but face challenges in mitigating interfacial recombination losses and ensuring stable film morphology. Non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs), commonly utilized in organic photovoltaics, present a promising alternative to fullerene-based ETLs. Nevertheless, the suboptimal performance of NFA-based devices underscores the need for molecular engineering to tailor their properties....

Exercise can improve health via skeletal muscle remodeling. Elucidating the underlying mechanism may lead to new therapeutics for aging-related loss of skeletal muscle mass. Here, we show that endurance exercise suppresses expression of YT521-B homology domain family (Ythdf1) in skeletal muscle, which recognizes the N6-methyladenosine (m6A). Ythdf1 deletion phenocopies endurance exercise-induced muscle hypertrophy in mice increases muscle mitochondria content and type I fiber specification. At...

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is a leading cause of low back pain, with limited effective treatments due to an incomplete understanding of disease mechanisms. In this study, we report that circFUNDC1, a nuclear circular RNA, is markedly downregulated in nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) from patients with end-stage IVDD. CircFUNDC1 is derived from the gene encoding the FUN14 domain-containing 1 (FUNDC1) protein, which is essential for mitophagy and cell survival. Functional analyses reveal...

Cellular senescence is a stable cell cycle arrest that occurs in response to various stress stimuli and affects multiple cell types, including endothelial cells (ECs). Senescent cells accumulate with age, and their removal has been linked to reduced age-related diseases. However, some senescent cells are important for tissue homeostasis. Therefore, understanding the diversity of senescent cells in a cell-type-specific manner and their underlying molecular mechanisms is essential. Senescence...

The main aim of this study is to explore the relationship between the elderly population and economic growth in 25 North and South American countries use annual secondary data from 1961 to 2021. Instead of focusing on the conditional mean, this study tests for Granger causality in the entire conditional distribution of the elderly population and economic growth through wavelet coherence analysis. The study findings indicated a unidirectional Granger causality running from per capita gross...

The future deployment of terawatt-scale proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer (PEMWE) technology necessitates development of an efficient oxygen evolution catalyst with low cost and long lifetime. Currently, the stability of the most active iridium (Ir) catalysts is impaired by dissolution, redeposition, detachment, and agglomeration of Ir species. Here we present a ripening-induced embedding strategy that securely embeds the Ir catalyst in a cerium oxide support. Cryogenic electron...

Invertebrate models have been instrumental in advancing our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of ageing. The isolation of single gene mutations that both extend lifespan and improve age-related health have identified potential targets for therapeutic intervention to alleviate age-related morbidity. Here, we find that genetic loss of function of the G protein-coupled metabotropic glutamate receptor (DmGluRA) in Drosophila extends the lifespan of female flies. This longevity phenotype was...

The aging brain experiences a significant decline in proteasome function. The proteasome is critical for many key neuronal functions including neuronal plasticity, and memory formation/retention. Treatment with proteasome inhibitors impairs these processes. Our study reveals a marked reduction in 20S and 26S proteasome activities in aged mice brains, including in the hippocampus, this is driven by reduced functionality of aged proteasome. The decline in proteasome activity is matched by a...

As global life expectancy increases, the focus has shifted from merely extending lifespan to promoting healthy aging. GSTA1, GSTA2, and GSTA3 (GSTA1-3), members of the alpha class of glutathione S-transferases, are involved in diverse biological processes, including metabolism and immune regulation, highlighting their potential influence on human health span and lifespan. In this study, we employed Caenorhabditis elegans as a model organism to investigate the role of gst-35, an ortholog of...

CONCLUSIONS: The Arabic short version of Icon-FES is a reliable and valid tool for assessing concern about falling among community-dwelling older adults. It offers an innovative approach through culturally adapted visual elements that could enhance applicability, enabling accurate assessment and supporting targeted interventions among Arabic-speaking older adults.

Age-associated thymic involution leads to a significant decline in thymic T cell output, a major contributor to immunosenescence in the elderly. Accurately measuring thymic output is therefore critical for understanding the mechanisms behind immune aging. Furthermore, robust quantification of thymic output is essential in various other clinical and research settings, including the diagnosis of immunodeficiencies and the monitoring of T cell reconstitution following therapeutic interventions like...

J. Jin, X. Lv, L. Chen, W. Zhang, J. Li, Q. Wang, R. Wang, X. Lu, and D. Miao, "Bmi-1 Plays a Critical Role in Protection From Renal Tubulointerstitial Injury by Maintaining Redox Balance," Aging Cell 13, no. 5 (2014): 797-809, https://doi.org/10.1111/acel.12236. The above article, published online on 11 June 2014, in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement between the journal Editor-in-Chief, Monty Montano; The Anatomical Society; and John Wiley & Sons...

The discovery of hypoxic pockets within the cortical regions has transformed the understanding of cerebral oxygen dynamics, revealing their dual role as both contributors to neuronal adaptation and potential precursors to dysfunction. These transient oxygen-deprived microenvironments play a pivotal role in neurovascular coupling, synaptic plasticity, and angiogenesis, processes crucial for maintaining cognitive resilience and neuronal health. Investigating hypoxic pockets within cortical regions...

In a recent work reported in Science, Zhang et al. untangle dynamic changes arising across aging in multiple cell populations within thirteen organs using single-cell transcriptomics and identify four distinct dynamic waves in which immune cells are the most affected populations.

Transcriptome modulation is essential for metabolic adaptation to nutrient environments. However, the role of isoform usage, a crucial transcriptome component, is not yet fully understood. This study outlines the landscape of isoform-usage modulations across major metabolic organs in both mice and monkeys, spanning diverse metabolic states. Our in-depth analysis identifies numerous isoform-usage events, intricately influenced by nutrient challenges and largely independent of gene expression...

Aging alters signaling that involves brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus. An adequate level of BDNF is essential for maintaining cognitive function in older adults. Previously, we showed that repeated intraperitoneal administration of the chemokine ligand CX3CL1 modulates peritoneal immune cells and the vagal nerve to increase hippocampal BDNF, consequently improving cognitive decline in aged mice. Here, we examined the contribution of endogenous CX3CL1 in the peritoneal...

Nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) receptors play crucial roles in plant immunity by sensing pathogen effectors¹. In Arabidopsis, certain sensor NLRs function as NADases to catalyse the production of second messengers^(2,3), which can be recognized by enhanced disease susceptibility 1 (EDS1) with its partner senescence-associated gene 101 (SAG101), to activate helper NLR N requirement gene 1 (NRG1)⁴. A cryoelectron microscopy structure shows that second-messenger-activated EDS1-SAG101...

The use of reactive supports to disperse metal species is crucial for constructing highly efficient interfacial catalysts, by tuning the competitive reactant adsorption-activation pattern in supported metal catalysts into a non-competitive mechanism^(1-3). However, these reactive supports are prone to deterioration during catalysis, limiting the lifespan of the catalyst and their potential practical applications⁴. New strategies are needed to simultaneously protect reactive supports and surface...

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In response to organ injury in adults, macrophages often promote scarring, yet during early life, they are required for tissue regeneration. To elucidate the mechanisms underlying age-associated regeneration, we compared the macrophage injury response in newborn versus adult hearts. Single-cell analysis revealed an accumulation of tissue-resident macrophages in neonates that were selectively polarized for apoptotic cell recognition and uptake (efferocytosis). Ablation of the apoptotic cell...