Aging & Longevity

Reduced counterfactual ("What-If") thinking (CFT) in late life is believed to reflect successful adaptation to limited resources for overcoming missed opportunities, thereby preventing feelings of regret. We propose that this adaptation becomes critical from midlife onwards, affects emotional regulation, and is mediated by the preserved functionality of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC). To test this, an epidemiological sample from the Hamburg City Health Study (N = 494), aged 48 to 75,...

CONCLUSIONS: Our work reveals how tissue, sex, and age jointly govern the dynamics of the two cytosine modifications, augments the scope of DNA modification biomarker discovery, and provides a reference atlas to explore epigenetic dynamics in development and disease.

CONCLUSIONS: The PND was significantly associated with postoperative proBDNF and mBDNF.

CONCLUSIONS: The coexistence of diabetes and sarcopenic obesity synergistically increases cardiovascular disease risk beyond the effects of either condition alone in Chinese adults. These findings highlight the importance of comprehensive screening and integrated management strategies for individuals with both conditions to prevent cardiovascular complications.

CONCLUSIONS: Trying to delineate the unique molecular profile of older women and men becomes essential for understanding the mechanisms underlying the sex-frailty paradox. Further research on sex-specific determinants is required to enhance our understanding of aging and develop effective strategies to promote health and longevity in both sexes.

Autobiographical memory is essential for older adults, providing a foundation for self-identity. Although healthy aging is accompanied by changes in memory retrieval, musical memory remains relatively unaffected, suggesting music may serve as a cue for autobiographical memory recall. Autobiographically salient (ABS) music (i.e., deeply encoded songs associated with significant people, places, and events) is posited to engage distinct memory processes from familiar (FAM) music (i.e., songs that...

Single-cell multiomic technologies enable the joint analysis of different modalities, but face challenges due to experimental complexity. Current computational methods for single-cell cross-modality translation lack biological interpretability. Here, we present Cisformer, a cross-attention-based generative model tailored for cross-modality generation between gene expression and chromatin accessibility at single-cell resolution. Systematic benchmarking demonstrates the superior accuracy and...

The senescence of immune cells, including macrophages, that accompany the initiation and development of tumors has become a novel research hotspot. Recently, studies have reported the molecular characteristics of senescent macrophages (sMACs) in the tumor microenvironment (TME), including cell cycle arrest, senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), and senescence-associated β-galactosidase phenotype (SA-β-gal), and these characteristics not only suggest that sMACs are functionally rich...

Population aging is an escalating global phenomenon, wherein age-related alterations in the human immune system exacerbate the susceptibility to diseases including infections and autoimmune disorders. Secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs) are key locations for the execution of immunological responses by mature immune cells; however, age-related changes in SLOs remain relatively understudied. To address this gap, this study employed comprehensive approaches including single-cell RNA sequencing...

The exposome, an individual's lifelong environmental exposure, profoundly impacts health. Somatic tissues undergo functional decline with age, exhibiting characteristic ageing phenotypes, including hair greying and cancer. However, the specific genotoxins, signals and cellular mechanisms underlying each phenotype remain largely unknown. Here we report that melanocyte stem cells (McSCs) and their niche coordinately determine individual stem cell fate through antagonistic, stress-responsive...

Translational research on cellular senescence has led to numerous early-phase clinical trials targeting senescent cells to treat, prevent or alleviate multiple disorders and diseases, including metabolic diseases and their comorbidities. Cellular senescence is a cell fate that occurs in response to stressors, including metabolic disruptions, and is one of the hallmarks (or pillars) of ageing. In their senescent state, cells cease proliferation and can develop a senescence-associated secretory...

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Morphological changes in the ageing eye impede oxygen delivery from the choroid to the outer retina causing tissue hypoxia, which activates a molecular response that adapts the transcriptomic fingerprint of the retina and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). This response, orchestrated by hypoxia-inducible transcription factors (HIFs), leads to the production of pro-angiogenic factors and plays a critical role in the development and pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). To...

Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) contributes to cardio-metabolic diseases, with hepatic flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 (FMO3) recognized as its primary source. Here we demonstrate that elevated adipocyte FMO3 and its derived TMAO trigger white adipose tissue (WAT) dysfunction and its related metabolic disorders in ageing. In adipocytes, ageing or p53 activation upregulates FMO3 and TMAO levels. Adipocyte-specific ablation of FMO3 attenuates TMAO accumulation in WAT and circulation, leading to...

CONCLUSION: Identification of older at risk of IC impairment in Cameroon may help tailor further policies for Healthy Aging taking into account available resources.

CONCLUSIONS: The cancer-related identity in long-term PCa survivors of advanced old age varies widely. Especially negatively connoted cancer-related identities reflect the subjective disease experience, the overall health status, and the lack of a social support system. Even years after the primary diagnosis and treatment, assessment of the cancer-related identity can identify men who are affected most by their cancer experience and might need further psycho-oncological assistance.

Air pollution is a major global health threat, with exposure exhibiting substantial heterogeneity across and within regions. While disparities in air pollution exposure by income groups are well documented, how these inequalities translate into differential burdens of pollution-attributable premature mortality remains understudied. We utilize high-resolution estimates of secondary air pollutants, combined with income data, to investigate the relationship between global air pollution-attributable...

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Manipulating the neuronal pathway responsible for the hypoxic stress response in the worm C. elegans leads to an increase in lifespan.