Aging & Longevity

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Brain aging is associated with cognitive decline, memory loss and many neurodegenerative disorders. The mammalian brain has distinct structural regions that perform specific functions. However, our understanding in gene expression and cell types within the context of the spatial organization of the mammalian aging brain is limited. Here we generated spatial transcriptomic maps of young and old mouse brains. We identified 27 distinguished brain spatial domains, including layer-specific subregions...

Recent studies have indicated the significant involvement of the gut microbiome in both human physiology and pathology. Additionally, therapeutic interventions based on microbiome approaches have been employed to enhance overall health and address various diseases including aging and neurodegenerative disease (ND). Researchers have explored potential links between these areas, investigating the potential pathogenic or therapeutic effects of intestinal microbiota in diseases. This article...

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is increasingly recognised and diagnosed in clinical practice, a trend driven by an ageing population and a rise in contributing comorbidities, such as obesity and diabetes. Representing at least half of all heart failure cases, HFpEF is recognised as a complex clinical syndrome. Its diagnosis and management are challenging due to its diverse pathophysiology, varied epidemiological patterns, and evolving diagnostic and treatment approaches....

Osteoporosis is a prevalent chronic metabolic bone disease that poses a significant risk of fractures or mortality in elderly individuals. Its pathophysiological basis is often attributed to postmenopausal estrogen deficiency and natural aging, making the progression of primary osteoporosis among elderly people, especially older women, seemingly inevitable. The treatment and prevention of osteoporosis progression have been extensively discussed. Recently, as researchers delve deeper into the...

Osteoporosis (OP) is a prevalent age-related disease that is characterized by a decrease in bone mineral density (BMD) and systemic bone microarchitectural disorders. With age, senescent cells accumulate and exhibit the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) in bone tissue, leading to the imbalance of bone homeostasis, osteopenia, changes in trabecular bone structure, and increased bone fragility. Cellular senescence in the bone microenvironment involves osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and...

Since thermoelectric materials have different physical and chemical properties, the design of contact layers requires dedicated efforts, and the welding temperatures are distinctly different. Therefore, a general interface design and connection technology can greatly facilitate the development of thermoelectric devices. Herein, we proposed a screening strategy for the contact materials based on the calculation of phase diagram method, and Mg(2)Ni has been identified as a matched contact layer...

Phospholipids containing a single polyunsaturated fatty acyl tail (PL-PUFA(1)s) are considered the driving force behind ferroptosis, whereas phospholipids with diacyl-PUFA tails (PL-PUFA(2)s) have been rarely characterized. Dietary lipids modulate ferroptosis, but the mechanisms governing lipid metabolism and ferroptosis sensitivity are not well understood. Our research revealed a significant accumulation of diacyl-PUFA phosphatidylcholines (PC-PUFA(2)s) following fatty acid or phospholipid...

Meningeal lymphatic vessels (mLVs) have been shown to be involved in amyloid beta (Aβ) clearance, which is considered as a potential therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, based on the superficial spatial distribution of mLVs, a near-infrared light is employed to modulate lymphatic drainage, significantly improving cognition of both aged and AD (5xFAD and APP/PS1) mice, and alleviating AD-associated pathology by reducing Aβ deposition, neuroinflammation and neuronal...

High or medium- entropy alloys (HEAs/MEAs) are multi-principal element alloys with equal atomic elemental composition, some of which have shown record-breaking mechanical performance. However, the link between short-range order (SRO) and the exceptional mechanical properties of these alloys has remained elusive. The local destruction of SRO by dislocation glide has been predicted to lead to a rejuvenated state with increased entropy and free energy, creating softer zones within the matrix and...

Senescence of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) contributes to aging-related cardiovascular diseases by promoting arterial remodelling and stiffness. Ferroptosis is a novel type of regulated cell death associated with lipid oxidation. Here, we show that pro-ferroptosis signaling drives VSMCs senescence to accelerate vascular NAD^(+) loss, remodelling and aging. Pro-ferroptotic signaling is triggered in senescent VSMCs and arteries of aged mice. Furthermore, the activation of pro-ferroptotic...

S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), generated from methionine and ATP by S-adenosyl methionine synthetase (SAMS), is the universal methyl group donor required for numerous cellular methylation reactions. In Caenorhabditis elegans, silencing sams-1, the major isoform of SAMS, genetically or via dietary restriction induces a robust mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPR^(mt) ) and lifespan extension. In this study, we found that depleting SAMS-1 markedly decreases mitochondrial SAM levels. Moreover,...

Mammals exhibit different rates of cancer, with long-lived species generally showing greater resistance. Although bats have been suggested to be resistant to cancer due to their longevity, this has yet to be systematically examined. Here, we investigate cancer resistance across seven bat species by activating oncogenic genes in their primary cells. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments suggest that Myotis pilosus (MPI) is particularly resistant to cancer. The transcriptomic and functional...

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Clonal hematopoiesis (CH) represents the clonal expansion of hematopoietic stem cells and their progeny driven by somatic mutations. Accurate risk assessment of CH is critical for disease prevention and clinical decision-making. The size of CH has been showed to associate with higher disease risk, yet, factors influencing the size of CH are unknown. In addition, the characteristics of CH in long-lived individuals are not well documented. Here, we report an in-depth analysis of CH in longevous...

The search for biomarkers that quantify biological aging (particularly 'omic'-based biomarkers) has intensified in recent years. Such biomarkers could predict aging-related outcomes and could serve as surrogate endpoints for the evaluation of interventions promoting healthy aging and longevity. However, no consensus exists on how biomarkers of aging should be validated before their translation to the clinic. Here, we review current efforts to evaluate the predictive validity of omic biomarkers...

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Lipid droplets (LDs) are fat storage organelles critical for energy and lipid metabolism. Upon nutrient exhaustion, cells consume LDs via gradual lipolysis or via lipophagy, the en bloc uptake of LDs into the vacuole. Here, we show that LDs dock to the vacuolar membrane via a contact site that is required for lipophagy in yeast. The LD-localized LDO proteins carry an intrinsically disordered region that directly binds vacuolar Vac8 to form vCLIP, the vacuolar-LD contact site. Nutrient limitation...

Human cellular models of neurodegeneration require reproducibility and longevity, which is necessary for simulating age-dependent diseases. Such systems are particularly needed for TDP-43 proteinopathies¹, which involve human-specific mechanisms^(2-5) that cannot be directly studied in animal models. Here, to explore the emergence and consequences of TDP-43 pathologies, we generated induced pluripotent stem cell-derived, colony morphology neural stem cells (iCoMoNSCs) via manual selection of...