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Aging is a primary risk factor for chronic diseases, yet its progression varies among individuals and between sexes. Here, under the X-Age Project, we profiled the clinical aging phenome of the Multicentric Chinese Aging Study (mCAS) through a cross-sectional analysis of 172 clinical measures from more than 100,000 participants aged 18-98 years across three centers. These profiles enabled sex-specific clinical aging clocks that revealed divergent aging trajectories between women and men during...

Aging-associated inflammation is a driver of multiple age-associated diseases. Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) contributes to inflammaging by responding to endogenously-derived cytoplasmic DNA in aged cells. Although cGAS-knockout (KO) mice are viable, their aging has not been characterized. Unexpectedly, we found that cGAS KO mice exhibit an accelerated-aging phenotype, with induction of inflammation in multiple organs. cGAS KO mice display shortened median lifespan and increased frailty...

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The gut microbiome profoundly influences host aging, yet the specific microbes and mechanisms governing divergent aging trajectories remain elusive. In this study, we delineated enterotype-specific gut microbial remodeling during aging and developed a microbiome-based aging clock (MicroAge) to track biological aging trajectories. We identified Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum (B. pseudocatenulatum) as a candidate geroprotective species consistently depleted during aging across both sexes and...

Women in their mid-30s experience a marked decline in fertility. The origin of these fertility defects resides in the implantation capacity of the embryo itself, but the mechanistic basis of this impairment is not well understood. Here we identify a core mechanical defect in embryos from aged females that impairs their implantation competence. Using mouse models, we find that reproductive ageing drives excessive contractility in the trophectoderm, the outer epithelial lineage that enables...

Cognitive decline in aging impacts quality of life, for which therapeutic interventions are lacking. Why some individuals experience more severe cognitive decline with aging is unclear. Here we uncover a role for the brain's myelin-forming cells-oligodendrocytes-in explaining this variance. By investigating neuropathological and transcriptomic changes in human white matter associated with individual rates of cognitive decline in aging, we find that worse cognitive trajectories unexpectedly...

Lipoic acid is an essential cofactor for mitochondrial multienzyme complexes, and mutations in the lipoyltransferase LIPT2 cause severe metabolic and neurological defects in humans. In Drosophila, two independent lipT2 loss-of-function alleles cause severe physiological abnormalities in homozygotes. Here, we show that heterozygotes for these same alleles exhibit significantly extended lifespan and delayed age-dependent decline in locomotor performance. Metabolic analysis revealed no major...

CONCLUSIONS: Central and bridge symptoms may represent effective intervention targets for anxiety and depressive symptoms in older adults living alone. Clinical interventions should consider geographic disparities in symptom presentation.

Chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH), a cardinal pathophysiological feature of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), repeatedly exposes the heart to hypoxia-reoxygenation stress. The cardiac outcome of CIH, however, may depend on the biological state of the target myocardium. Here, we investigated whether a pre-existing aging-related myocardial susceptibility lowers the tolerance threshold for CIH-induced injury and whether Dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) contributes to the enhanced vulnerability of...

INTRODUCTION: The ability to perceive spatial changes is crucial for everyday life. However, the effects of age on multisensory integration in spatial change detection are still less researched. Here, we investigated whether audio-visual stimulation enhances spatial change detection compared to auditory-only processing, and whether older adults benefit more from multisensory stimulation than younger adults.

New data add weight to idea that immunization protects against more than just the chickenpox virus

A low-carb diet may raise LDL cholesterol much more sharply in people who are genetically predisposed to high cholesterol, particularly when they consume lots of saturated fat. The findings could help explain why people following seemingly similar diets can have dramatically different results.

A neuroscientist is challenging the idea that the brain contains a central system that actually “makes” our decisions. What we experience as choosing may instead emerge from the continuous interaction of perception, movement, the body, and the world around us.

Older adults who received the Shingrix shingles vaccine were 24% less likely to be diagnosed with dementia over four years in a study of more than 500,000 people. Researchers estimate the difference could amount to roughly one dementia case prevented for every 17 people vaccinated.

Researchers have found a way to supercharge natural killer cells, powerful immune cells that can attack cancer, so they can penetrate solid tumors and keep fighting once inside. In mice, these specially prepared tissue-resident cells slowed the growth of several tumors, including melanoma and head and neck cancers, and worked even better when paired with the antibody drug cetuximab.

Airborne radiation sensors could help forecast and prevent drought-driven tree mortality

Stem cell-based therapies show promise for tissue regeneration but are limited by therapeutic instability, particularly in aged tissues. Here, multi-omics profiling of regenerating bone reveals marked depletion of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), indicating epigenetic dysregulation associated with impaired repair. To address this, we develop a spatially compartmentalized, fusogenic nanovesicle system (SMNV), termed a "nanoconcentrisome," composed of SAM-loaded fusogenic liposomes encapsulating...