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A substance found in edible sea squirts appeared to reverse several signs of aging in older mice. Plasmalogen supplements improved memory and learning, strengthened connections between brain cells, reduced inflammation, and even helped the mice grow thicker, darker hair. Researchers believe the compounds may encourage brain regeneration and protect aging synapses.

Slow breathing with a prolonged exhale made people more willing to take risks by changing heart activity and increasing the brain’s sensitivity to rewards. The findings suggest that something as simple as controlling your breath can directly influence how you evaluate choices.

Complement comprises a group of plasma and membrane proteins that provide an effective bridging function for innate and adaptive humoral immunity. Understanding complement pathophysiology is fundamental given that inappropriate complement function in host defence can lead to infectious diseases and inefficient disposal of altered, damaged or senescent cells can lead to or enhance autoimmune neurological processes. Although the rising number of approved drugs targeting complement pathways remains...

Alzheimer's disease and primary tauopathies are marked by changes in adaptive immunity, with increased brain CD8^(+) T cells correlating with tau pathology severity. However, how peripheral T cells get primed to enter the brain and contribute to tau-mediated neurodegeneration remains unclear. In different disease conditions, conventional type 1 dendritic cells (cDC1s) cross-present antigens to prime CD8^(+) T cells into effector cells. We show that tauopathy mice lacking cDC1s or antigen...

Complement comprises a group of plasma and membrane proteins that provide an effective bridging function for innate and adaptive humoral immunity. Understanding complement pathophysiology is fundamental given that inappropriate complement function in host defence can lead to infectious diseases and inefficient disposal of altered, damaged or senescent cells can lead to or enhance autoimmune neurological processes. Although the rising number of approved drugs targeting complement pathways remains...

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UCLA researchers have discovered two powerful influences that help guide how the human brain forms before birth. Radial glia, stem cells responsible for producing much of the cerebral cortex, change their behavior depending on how they process glucose and on physical contact with signals arriving from the thalamus. Those signals can alter which types of neurons are produced, including upper-layer neurons that are especially prominent in humans.

Duke researchers developed an injectable scaffold that helped stroke-damaged brains grow new blood vessels, support nerve regrowth, and recover movement in mice. The treatment appears to work partly by recruiting the body’s own immune cells, including neutrophils that may switch from damaging to helpful under the right conditions.

Scientists discovered that more than 500 species of vesper bats possess two separate sets of antibody genes, an immune arrangement never before found in mammals. The surprising system could help explain how bats tolerate so many viruses without becoming seriously ill.

Studies cap 20-year project to map an insect’s entire nervous system—and understand how it works

Aging may be partly fueled by immune cells losing their ability to clear away damaged, inflammation-promoting cells. Blocking a single receptor restored that cleanup process in mice, reducing inflammation and helping their organs, muscles, and memory remain remarkably youthful.

Plasma pTau217 is a leading biomarker for Alzheimer's disease, but evidence from genetically admixed populations in low- and middle-income countries remains limited. We evaluated the diagnostic performance of pTau217 and pTau217/Aβ42 measured using Simoa technology in memory-clinic cohorts from Brazil (Cog-Aging-Study, n = 353) and Argentina (GeNED.ar, n = 134). Here we show that both biomarkers accurately identified cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-defined amyloid pathology in Cog-Aging-Study-Brazil...

While numerous improvements in cycling stability have been demonstrated for next-generation battery chemistries with metallic anodes, their calendar aging (e.g., capacity loss during idle periods of rest) performance painfully lags behind and remains a critical bottleneck hindering their practical deployment. In contrast to their commercial counterparts, metallic anodes exhibit substantial capacity loss during calendar aging. Despite several recent studies exploring the underlying reasons for...

Peto's paradox underscores the puzzling disconnect between organismal lifespan, body size, and cancer incidence. Here, we investigate this relationship by examining the evolutionary rates of human cancer-associated sites across 58 mammalian species. While overall evolutionary rates at cancer-associated loci do not differ significantly between long-lived and short-lived species, cancer-associated sites show greater evolutionary conservation relative to non-cancer sites within long-lived mammals...

Plasma pTau217 is a leading biomarker for Alzheimer's disease, but evidence from genetically admixed populations in low- and middle-income countries remains limited. We evaluated the diagnostic performance of pTau217 and pTau217/Aβ42 measured using Simoa technology in memory-clinic cohorts from Brazil (Cog-Aging-Study, n = 353) and Argentina (GeNED.ar, n = 134). Here we show that both biomarkers accurately identified cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-defined amyloid pathology in Cog-Aging-Study-Brazil...

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been demonstrated to play central functions as signaling molecules thus extending their role beyond oxidative stress in disease and aging. At inhibitory synapses the scaffolding protein gephyrin clusters glycine and GABA type A receptors. Postsynaptic gephyrin clustering is regulated by post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation, S-palmitoylation, and S-nitrosylation, which all critically impact its scaffolding function. Here, we show that...

BACKGROUND: As individuals with Down syndrome age, they face high risks of Alzheimer's disease and epilepsy. With symptomatic Alzheimer's disease, late-onset myoclonic epilepsy in Down syndrome (LOMEDS) often emerges. We aimed to examine how epilepsy develops in Down syndrome, its timing relative to Alzheimer's disease symptom onset, and its effect on prognosis.