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Antibiotic exposure alters the LEAP-2/ghrelin axis and anti-inflammatory tone in aged male rat liver and adipose tissue

15 hours 26 minutes ago
Liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide-2 (LEAP-2), the endogenous antagonist of the ghrelin receptor (GHSR1a), counterbalances ghrelin in an energy- and inflammation-dependent manner. Aging is accompanied by endocrine and immunometabolic shifts that may influence this axis. We investigated whether a short course of broad-spectrum antibiotics (vancomycin-metronidazole-neomycin-ampicillin; VMNA) alters LEAP-2 and ghrelin levels in the liver and epididymal white adipose tissue (WAT) of aged male...
Rabia Ilgin

Elevated mtDNA copy number in older adults is linked to methylation of mitochondrial and nuclear regulatory regions

15 hours 26 minutes ago
Growing evidence shows that epigenetic modification and mitochondrial dysfunction are hallmarks of aging and are associated with the development of a wide range of age-related diseases. Mitochondrial biogenesis, which is marked by mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn), is one of the major regulations of mitochondrial function by a set of transacting elements, including mitochondrial DNA polymerase gamma (POLG), working on the mtDNA control region. In this study, we investigated the mtDNAcn and...
Hongbo Chi

The lifespan evolution of individualized neurophysiological traits

15 hours 26 minutes ago
How do neurophysiological traits that characterize individuals evolve across the lifespan? To address this question, we analyzed task-free magnetoencephalographic recordings from over 1,000 individuals aged 4-89. We found that neurophysiological activity is more similar between individuals in childhood than in adulthood, an effect driven predominantly by arrhythmic brain activity. In contrast, periodic activity-based profiles remain reliable markers of individuality across all ages. The cortical...
Jason da Silva Castanheira

Primitive reflexes as behavioral biomarkers of cognitive aging: associations with physical activity and resilience-a pilot study

15 hours 26 minutes ago
INTRODUCTION: Primitive reflexes (PRs) are brainstem-mediated automatic responses that typically disappear in early life, but may reappear in older age, which may be associated with neurodegenerative processes. But the presence of PRs in cognitively healthy adults has not yet been sufficiently explored. The relationship between PRs and cognitive functioning (COG) may be influenced by modifiable factors such as physical activity (PA) and psychological resilience. This cross-sectional...
Anna Horváth-Pápai

Genetic predispositions and nutritional strategies: a review of nutrigenomics in Parkinson's disease

1 day 15 hours ago
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease that manifests motor and non-motor symptoms due to the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. While its pathogenesis is multifactorial, with genetic as well as environmental components, more and more evidence suggests that nutrition and diet play an important role in regulating both the development and progression of the disease through crosstalk with genetics, a term known as nutrigenomics. This review discusses...
Yara Ahmed Mohamed

Systematic profiling reveals distinct senescence signatures and regulators across human brain cell types

1 day 15 hours ago
Cellular senescence contributes to age-related neurodegeneration, yet its manifestation varies across brain cell types and senescence-inducing stressors. Here, we investigated senescence hallmarks in five human brain cell lines - astrocytes, endothelial cells, microglia, oligodendrocytes, and dopaminergic-like neurons - using chronic 5-Bromodeoxyuridine treatment and validated our findings in primary cells and alternative toxin-induced models. Principal component analysis and transcriptional...
Taylor Russo

Co-expression-wide association studies link genetically regulated interactions with complex traits

1 day 15 hours ago
Transcriptome- and proteome-wide association studies (TWAS/PWAS) have proven successful in prioritizing genes and proteins whose genetically regulated expression modulates disease risk, but they ignore potential co-expression and interaction effects. To address this limitation, we introduce the co-expression-wide association study (COWAS) method, which can identify pairs of genes or proteins whose genetically regulated co-expression is associated with complex traits. COWAS first trains models to...
Mykhaylo M Malakhov

Social isolation and intrinsic capacity decline in older adults: Mediating roles of sleep duration and pain

1 day 15 hours ago
CONCLUSIONS: In this nationally representative sample of Chinese older adults, social isolation is associated with greater decline of intrinsic capacity, partially mediated through inadequate sleep duration and pain complaints. These findings suggest that interventions aimed at mitigating social isolation, along with integrated management of sleep and pain, may help preserve intrinsic capacity in aging populations.
Wenhua Yu

Mice carrying nonsense mutant p53 develop frequent multicentric or metastatic tumors

1 day 15 hours ago
The TP53 tumor suppressor gene is mutated in a large fraction of human tumors. Close to 11% of TP53 mutations are nonsense mutations, causing premature termination of protein synthesis and expression of truncated inactive p53 protein. The most common TP53 nonsense mutation in human cancer is R213X. To study the impact of TP53 nonsense mutations in vivo, we generated mice harboring the Trp53 nonsense mutation R210X that corresponds to human TP53-R213X. Initially, Trp53^(R210X) mice appear...
Charlotte Strandgren

Systematic profiling reveals distinct senescence signatures and regulators across human brain cell types

1 day 15 hours ago
Cellular senescence contributes to age-related neurodegeneration, yet its manifestation varies across brain cell types and senescence-inducing stressors. Here, we investigated senescence hallmarks in five human brain cell lines - astrocytes, endothelial cells, microglia, oligodendrocytes, and dopaminergic-like neurons - using chronic 5-Bromodeoxyuridine treatment and validated our findings in primary cells and alternative toxin-induced models. Principal component analysis and transcriptional...
Taylor Russo