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Studies in laboratory organisms typically minimize all environmental and genetic variation other than the intervention of interest. In aging studies, these highly controlled conditions have yielded profound insights into aging. But even within isogenic cohorts of lab animals in controlled environments, we observe substantial variation in lifespan. Here we exploited the climbing behavior of Drosophila to study variation in mortality among isogenic populations in a controlled environment. We show...

Human umbilical cord blood (HUCB) exhibits distinct characteristics compared to adult blood, offering significant potential for medical applications, particularly in antiaging therapies. However, the metabolic profile of HUCB relative to adult blood remains poorly understood. Moreover, the specific metabolites within HUCB that confer antiaging properties have yet to be identified. Here, we conducted an untargeted metabolomic analysis comparing cord plasma and adult plasma. Our results reveal a...

Specialized appendage responds to female sex hormones, allowing males to find sex organs in the dark

Government pledges to more than triple research spending by 2030

CONCLUSION: Exercise can simultaneously impact insulin resistance and Alzheimer's disease pathology in animal models. Results from human research are limited, and no robust evaluation of the potential mediating role of insulin resistance in the physical activity - Aβ or tau relationship exists. Future research should focus on identifying the mediating pathways that may link physical activity to biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease.

Biomolecular condensates, membrane-less assemblies formed by phase separation, are implicated in neurodegenerative disease, but their role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains unclear. Here, we report that in the brain of AD patients and animal models, an elevation of poly(C)-binding protein 2 (PCBP2) correlates with biomolecular condensation that involves phase separation. These condensates sequester large numbers of mitochondrial and mRNA-binding proteins, leading to the outside impairment of...

Genome-wide association studies have identified many loci for brain disorders, but most non-coding variants fail to colocalize with bulk expression quantitative trait loci. Single-cell expression quantitative trait loci studies capture cell-type-specific regulation but are often underpowered. We developed Bulk And Single cell expression quantitative trait loci Integration across Cell states (BASIC) to combine bulk and single-cell expression quantitative trait loci through "axis-quantitative...

Aging and age-related diseases share convergent pathways at the proteome level. Here, using plasma proteomics and machine learning, we developed organismal and ten organ-specific aging clocks in the UK Biobank (n = 43,616) and validated their high accuracy in cohorts from China (n = 3,977) and the USA (n = 800; cross-cohort r = 0.98 and 0.93). Accelerated organ aging predicted disease onset, progression and mortality beyond clinical and genetic risk factors, with brain aging being most strongly...

Humans are living longer and experiencing more age-related diseases, many of which involve metabolic dysregulation, but how metabolism changes in multiple organs during aging is not known. Answering this could reveal new mechanisms of aging and therapeutics. Here, we profile metabolic changes in 12 organs in male and female mice at 5 different ages. We also develop organ-specific metabolic aging clocks that identify metabolic drivers of aging, including alpha-ketoglutarate, previously shown to...

Aging is one of the factors for the decline in adipose tissue browning and, consequently, age-related metabolic disorders. Metabolic disorders will in turn accelerate aging and lead to a vicious circle. Therefore, the research on the reduced browning of adipose tissue that occurs with aging, that is, adipose tissue browning aging, is necessary and of great significance for the development of metabolically healthy aging. In this study, we performed a bibliometric analysis of 2527 published...

Fuellen et al. (2025) highlighted the essential role of explainable AI methods, particularly principal component analysis (PCA), in evaluating interventions for aging and longevity. However, this paper raises significant concerns regarding PCA's linear and parametric nature, which can misrepresent complex, nonlinear data common in geroscience research. As biological relationships often defy simplistic interpretations, reliance on PCA may obscure vital insights, leading to potential...

The core mechanism of skeletal aging lies in the comprehensive disruption of microenvironmental homeostasis, involving a multidimensional interactive network comprising immune cells, mesenchymal stem cells, and their differentiated lineages. Although osteoporosis (OP) and osteoarthritis (OA) have traditionally been viewed as distinct degenerative disorders, recent breakthroughs in osteoimmunology reveal their shared immune-aging mechanism: immune cell dysfunction within the bone marrow...

The role of tubular epithelial cells (TEC) senescence in the progression from acute kidney injury (AKI) to chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains debated due to the complexity of senescent cell populations and their pro-survival mechanisms. To directly assess the contribution of TEC senescence to AKI-to-CKD progression, we employed an aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN) mouse model. Here, we demonstrated that AAI-induced DNA damage specifically drives TEC senescence during AKI-to-CKD progression....

The ultra-slow relaxation dynamics of glasses at ambient temperature provide a promising alternative for dating glasses with extremely low isotopic content that cannot be dated using traditional radiometric methods. However, these ultra-slow, nonlinear aging dynamics remain poorly understood due to the lack of accurate theoretical models and long-term experimental validation. Existing equilibrium-based dynamics models substantially overestimate relaxation times at temperatures far below the...

CONCLUSION: 24-week HIIT intervention can effectively delay the decline of renal function and the progression of renal fibrosis in naturally aging rats. Its protective effect may be associated with inhibiting the overactivation of the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway. High-volume HIIT (H1) induced a more profound suppression of the pro-fibrotic pathway, whereas low-volume HIIT (H2) represents a time-efficient strategy conferring notable protection at the phenotypic level.

CONCLUSION: Plasma biomarkers may reflect stage-specific mobility changes in aging populations. Their integration with performance-based tests may support early identification of functional decline and guide timely interventions.

Timely infiltration and effective turnover of macrophages after trauma are essential for wound regeneration. In pathological conditions, such as diabetic wounds, how disturbances in cellular collaboration leads to persistent inflammatory infiltration remains unclear. Herein, we identify that the expression of methionine adenosyltransferase 2 A (MAT2A), which is downregulated in pericytes, is negatively correlated with inflammatory macrophage infiltration in diabetic wounds. Cspg4-CreER^(T2)/+;...

Aging studies have entered a transformative era with the discovery and application of short peptides as regulators of senescence. These short peptides are encoded by small open reading frames in nuclear, mitochondrial, and viral genomes. Unlike non-coding RNAs, short peptides are evolutionarily conserved and play a role in ameliorating decline of cellular function. It has now been recognized involved in nearly all biological processes, including diseases and senescence, however, the mechanisms...

The liver plays a central role in regulating systemic metabolism, and its function declines with age, contributing to increased susceptibility to metabolic diseases. Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), characterized by hepatic lipid accumulation and inflammation, is an early manifestation of liver dysfunction strongly associated with aging, insulin resistance, and high-fat diet (HFD) consumption. Ames Dwarf mice, which are growth hormone (GH)-deficient and...

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