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Scientists say creatine may help fight depression

4 hours 21 minutes ago
Creatine is best known as a muscle-building supplement, but scientists are now investigating whether it could also help treat depression by boosting the brain's energy supply. A new review examined five randomized clinical trials involving 238 participants and found mixed results. Two studies, both involving women with major depressive disorder, reported that adding creatine to standard treatment improved symptoms, while three others found no meaningful benefit.

Scientists discover an unexpected way to make pancreatic cancer cells self-destruct

16 hours 42 minutes ago
Researchers tested experimental PCAI compounds against pancreatic cancer cells and found they had powerful anticancer effects. One leading compound blocked more than 90% of cancer cell migration, suggesting it could help prevent the spread of tumors. Rather than suppressing cancer signaling, the treatment hyperactivated key pathways until the cells essentially self-destructed.

A native sulfur deposit in Gale crater, Mars

22 hours 50 minutes ago
Science, Ahead of Print.
Scott J. VanBommel, Jeff A. Berger, Penelope L. King, William E. Dietrich, Ralf Gellert, Lucy M. Thompson, Ashwin R. Vasavada, Alexander B. Bryk, Edwin S. Kite, Joanna V. Clark, Aster C. Cowart, Rebecca M. E. Williams, Sarah L. Simpson, Heather B. Franz,…

Arc mediates intercellular tau transmission via extracellular vesicles

1 day ago
Tau pathology spreads cell to cell, but the mechanisms of intercellular tau transmission remain unclear. We find that the neuronal gene Arc is critical for the release of tau in neuronal extracellular vesicles (EVs) via a direct protein-protein interaction. Brain EVs purified from transgenic rTg4510 mutant tau mice (rTg^(WT)) crossed with Arc knockout mice (rTg^(Arc KO)) contain less tau and reduced tau seeding potential. Both Arc and tau are co-packaged in mouse and human brain-derived EVs....
Mitali Tyagi

Molecular and Environmental Drivers of Tau Post-Translational Modifications and Tau Pathology

1 day ago
Tau is an intrinsically disordered protein that functions to support cytoskeletal stability by binding microtubules in neuronal axons. While tau is involved in healthy neuronal function, it can become pathogenic by forming protein aggregates leading to neurologic diseases collectively known as tauopathies, which include Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal dementia, and chronic traumatic encephalopathy. Post-translational modifications, including phosphorylation, O-GlcNAcylation, acetylation,...
Trevor M Price

Adaptive immunity in the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration

1 day ago
Neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and others, are a group of neurological disorders characterized by progressive neuronal loss in the central nervous system (CNS) and the deterioration of CNS function. Multiple lines of evidence have highlighted activation of innate immune cells in the CNS, namely microglia and astrocytes, as hallmark pathological features in neurodegeneration and key drivers of disease progression....
Yongyi Li

Innate immune signaling and functions in astrocytes

1 day ago
Astrocytes, long considered supportive cells of the central nervous system (CNS), have critical roles in innate immunity. This Review explores immune signaling pathways in astrocytes, including pattern recognition through Toll-like receptors, nucleic acid sensors and inflammasomes. These pathways enable the detection of danger signals and initiate protective responses and endogenous innate immune functions. Downstream signaling pathways, including the interferon, NF-κB and STAT3 pathways,...
Amy X Guo

Age-related differences in motor learning, sensorimotor neurochemistry, and cortical reactivity co-occur but are dissociated

1 day ago
Age-related declines in motor learning are commonly attributed to changes in sensorimotor neurophysiology. However, direct links between neurochemistry, electrophysiology, and behavior are scarce. Here, we investigated whether age-related differences in GABAergic inhibition and cortical reactivity mediate age-related simple and complex motor learning declines. To do so, we employed magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and transcranial magnetic stimulation-electroencephalography (TMS-EEG) in...
Marten Nuyts

Gut microbial signature for frailty discrimination: a metagenomic meta-analysis of 28 independent cohorts

1 day ago
Frailty, a clinical syndrome of multisystem decline and homeostatic vulnerability, is a critical public health priority. While the gut microbiome regulates immune and metabolic signaling, current evidence remains fragmented. We performed a metagenomic meta-analysis of 955 individuals from 28 independent cohorts across 24 countries to identify universal microbial signatures and develop a generalizable discriminative model. Frailty was determined using a Proxy Frailty Index based on the deficit...
Chan-Young Kwon

Effects of different intensities of aerobic exercise on intestinal permeability and inflammatory response in older adults: Randomized clinical trial

1 day ago
CONCLUSION: High-intensity aerobic exercise increased serum zonulin more than low-intensity exercise in older adults, suggesting differential effects on intestinal barrier-related responses. Although inflammatory markers tended to improve more with high-intensity exercise, these findings should be interpreted cautiously. Individualized exercise prescription may be needed when considering effects on intestinal barrier function in older adults.
Patricia Cristina Da Silva Menegotte

Telomere-driven replicative crisis is driven by large-scale changes in genomic architecture

1 day ago
Telomere-driven replicative crisis transforms the architecture of the evolving cancer genome, yet the mechanisms and consequences remain incompletely resolved, with potential biomarkers undiscovered. To address this, we have employed novel tools and methodologies to explore a human fibroblast model of crisis using high resolution multi-omics analyses. We have developed a unique chromatin conformation capture procedure for identifying distant genomic loci that interact with eroding telomeres,...
Kate Liddiard

Small molecule activators of the mitochondrial protease ClpP induce senescence in triple-negative breast cancer cells and sensitize cells to the Bcl-2 inhibitor venetoclax

1 day ago
ONC201 is a first-in-class, FDA-approved small molecule activator of the mitochondrial ATP-dependent caseinolytic peptidase P (ClpP). This and other related small molecules referred to as ClpP agonists, exert antiproliferative effects in several cancer cell types. We report that ONC201 and highly potent second generation ClpP agonists (TR-57, TR-107), promote induction of senescence in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines. Senescence was determined by increased β-galactosidase (β-gal)...
Sabrina C D Daglish

The evolution of aging research: from theories to epigenetic reprogramming

1 day ago
Over the past decades, numerous studies aimed to discover the fundamental cause of the aging process. Rather than a single root cause, multiple factors were identified, suggesting that aging manifests itself through a progressive degradation of different molecules, cells and in the end, entire systems, directly affecting an individual's health. To address this rapidly growing challenge, various anti-aging strategies have been proposed, among which partial reprogramming has emerged as a promising...
Elena-Cristina Găitănaru

Motor unit behavior adaptations across lifespan: sex differences in young, middle-aged and old adults

1 day ago
Aging is associated with neuromuscular decline, but how sex modulates motor unit adaptations across adulthood remains unclear. This study examined age- and sex-related differences in motor unit firing behavior in young (YG), middle-aged (MA), and older (OLD) adults by integrating high-density surface EMG decomposition with assessments of muscle morphology and daily physical activity. Linear mixed-effects models revealed significant effects of age and sex on mean firing rate: females showed...
Marco Carbonaro