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A large study of older adults in Brazil found that adding extra salt at the table is still a common habit, especially among men. While too much salt is linked to serious health problems and faster cognitive decline, researchers discovered that women’s salt-shaking habits were tied more closely to lifestyle and diet.

For decades, pancreatic cancer has been one of the most lethal cancers, with few effective treatment options. A new drug, daraxonrasib, targets the KRAS mutation that fuels most pancreatic tumors—something many scientists once thought couldn't be done. In a major clinical trial, the treatment nearly doubled survival for patients with advanced disease and reduced the risk of death by 60%.

Selective autophagy maintains organelle and proteome homeostasis through receptor-mediated degradation of damaged membranes and aggregation-prone proteins. Although autophagy dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) abnormalities are prominent features of Alzheimer's disease (AD), whether reticulophagy directly contributes to amyloid precursor protein (APP) turnover has remained unclear. We identify FAM134B/RETREG1 as a specific receptor that recognizes ER-localized APP and promotes its...

CONCLUSIONS: Older Chinese adults in the UK exhibit diverse PA patterns and face a range of barriers, underscoring the need to consider their varied needs and experiences when designing interventions. Factors influencing PA engagement align with the COM-B framework, highlighting the importance of addressing capability, opportunity, and motivation. These findings provide a practical evidence base to inform behaviour change interventions, supporting the development of culturally tailored...

CONCLUSION: Long-term PA shows a clear dose-response relationship with sarcopenia risk in later life. While sustained activity across adulthood confers the greatest benefit, initiating PA even later in life remains associated with lower odds of sarcopenia.

Arterial stiffness is a hallmark of vascular aging and a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. While immune aging-typically characterized by reduced T cell receptor (TCR) diversity and CD8^(+) memory expansion-contributes to this process, growing evidence suggests that peripheral immune dysregulation may impair vascular function through mechanisms distinct from classical immunosenescence. To investigate this, we profiled peripheral TCRβ repertoires from 563 adults without clinically...

A newly discovered genetic clock acts as the master timekeeper for development, orchestrating crucial bursts of gene activity throughout a worm’s growth. When the clock is disrupted, development stops, offering fresh clues about how growth-related disorders may arise.

Scientists have uncovered a surprising new way the immune system fights cancer, overturning a core belief that has guided immunology for decades. The research found that when cancer cells shut down a key immune-recognition molecule called MHC I—a common trick used to hide from “killer” T cells—they can actually become more vulnerable to attack by a different group of immune cells known as CD4+ “helper” T cells.

A massive study of more than 600,000 U.S. veterans suggests that popular GLP-1 drugs such as semaglutide may do far more than help with diabetes and weight loss—they could also fight addiction itself. Researchers found that people taking these medications were less likely to develop substance use disorders involving alcohol, nicotine, cannabis, cocaine, opioids, and other drugs, while those already struggling with addiction experienced fewer overdoses, hospitalizations, emergency visits, and drug-related deaths.

Scientists have developed an experimental diabetes and obesity pill that works in a completely different way from drugs like Ozempic. Rather than reducing hunger, it activates metabolism in skeletal muscle, helping lower blood sugar and increase fat burning while preserving muscle mass. Early clinical results suggest the treatment is safe and well tolerated.

A newly identified group of amygdala neurons appears to play a central role in anxiety and social behavior. Restoring normal activity in this tiny brain circuit reversed anxiety and social deficits in mice, revealing a promising new target for future treatments.

Physicists hope back-to-basics approach could point toward alternative paths to “theory of everything”

Mitochondria are essential for neuronal energy production, cellular homeostasis, and overall neuronal function. Due to their high metabolic demands and limited regenerative capacity, neurons are particularly vulnerable to mitochondrial dysfunction, which leads to ATP depletion, excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and calcium imbalance-ultimately causing oxidative stress, metabolic disruption, and neuronal death. Mitophagy is a selective process that removes damaged mitochondria...

To better characterize the genetic architecture underlying Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias (ADRD), we performed a meta-analysis of European-ancestry genome-wide association studies in 128,681 cases or proxy cases of ADRD and 849,833 (proxy) controls. We identified 91 genetic loci associated with ADRD risk, of which 16 are new and 56 are specifically detected in clinically diagnosed AD cases. We also provide a list of 18 loci (15 new) requiring further external validation. A...

The adsorption of charged nanoparticles at water-oil interfaces constitutes a fundamental phenomenon, underlying pivotal technologies spanning from emulsion stabilization to the sophisticated fabrication of foams. However, the diffusional behavior of these nanoparticles remains poorly understood. Here, we use single-molecule tracking experiments to show that the diffusion of like-charged nanoparticles at the water-oil interface not only becomes anomalous but also displays a diffusional aging...

Gait stability arises from interactions between physiological, cognitive, and psychological systems, yet these domains are often assessed in isolation. This study examined multisystem predictors of anteroposterior margin of stability during walking (MoS(AP)) in community-dwelling older adults. Of 340 participants, 143 were retained after data quality screening (105 females; age: 70.8 ± 7.8 years). Participants completed the Physiological Profile Assessment (PPA), cognitive testing using Montreal...

Fractional anisotropy (FA) from diffusion MRI is a widely used marker of white matter (WM) integrity, but conventional FA-based genetic studies typically rely on tract- or atlas-defined averages that may obscure spatially distributed WM variation and limit genetic discovery. Here, we propose a deep learning framework, termed unsupervised deep representation of WM (UDR-WM), which uses voxel-wise FA maps to derive brain-wide unsupervised deep imaging phenotypes (UDIP-FA) without prior anatomical...