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Older adults are highly vulnerable to infectious diseases, and vaccines are often less effective in this population because of diminished B and T cell memory responses driven by impaired autophagy, immunosenescence, and chronic low-grade inflammation. Spermidine has been shown to counteract immunosenescence and induce autophagy in preclinical models, and its levels decline with age in humans. We conducted a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled pilot study in 40 adults over 65 years of...

Aging significantly impairs vaccine efficacy in older adults, driven by immunosenescence, inflammaging, and disruptions in the gut microbiota-mTOR-immune axis. This review synthesizes current evidence on how aging alters vaccine-induced immune responses through the interplay of gut microbiota dysbiosis and dysregulated mTOR signaling. Age-related microbial diversity declines and reduced short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production exacerbate inflammation, while heightened mTOR activity suppresses...

Researchers have discovered that the GLP-1 hormone targeted by drugs like Wegovy is present in very low amounts inside the joints of arthritis patients. That finding suggests high-dose GLP-1 medications could potentially reach the joints and influence inflammation directly, not just help through weight loss. Scientists say this could open the door to a completely new approach to arthritis treatment.

Scientists are uncovering a surprising truth about aging cells: some may damage the body, while others help protect it. The discovery is fueling a new wave of precision anti-aging therapies aimed at removing only the harmful “zombie” cells without disrupting the body’s natural repair systems.

A new theory suggests many age-related diseases may actually start decades before symptoms appear. Researchers say early-life damage — from infections, injuries, or genetic mutations — can remain hidden until aging weakens the body’s ability to keep it under control. This could explain why conditions like cancer, osteoarthritis, and shingles suddenly emerge later in life.

Many people avoid learning a new language because they remember stressful grammar lessons or fear making mistakes. But language experts say communication, culture, and connection matter far more than perfection. Modern apps, entertainment, travel, and online communities have made learning easier, more social, and surprisingly fun.

Eating too much junk food early in life may rewire the brain in ways that last into adulthood, even after switching to a healthier diet. Scientists found that high-fat, high-sugar diets changed feeding behavior and disrupted appetite-control regions in the brain. Excitingly, certain gut-friendly bacteria and prebiotic fibers appeared to help undo some of the damage.

A huge international review found that GLP-1 weight-loss drugs significantly reduce the risk of heart attacks, strokes, heart failure, and premature death over the long term. Researchers say these medications could become a major weapon against cardiovascular disease — not just obesity and diabetes.

Scientists have uncovered alarming new evidence that a common insecticide may leave lasting marks on the developing brain before a child is even born. Researchers studying New York City children found that prenatal exposure to chlorpyrifos — a pesticide once widely used indoors and still used in agriculture — was linked to widespread brain abnormalities and weaker motor skills years later.

Scientists have unveiled a powerful new tool called PerturbFate that could change how researchers tackle diseases driven by huge numbers of genetic mutations, including cancer and Alzheimer’s. Instead of trying to target every faulty gene individually, the system tracks how different mutations reshape cells over time and identifies the hidden “control hubs” where those pathways converge.

Redox signaling by nitric oxide (NO) is estimated to control a large part of the global proteome via S-nitrosylation (SNO-modification). Here, we report that RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) represent the most significantly enriched class of S-nitrosylation targets, with broad coverage of spliceosomal factors. We demonstrate that NO regulates alternative splicing (AS) and that S-nitrosylation of PTBP1, a central regulator of AS, can massively shift and contextually alter gene expression while further...

Glymphatic dysfunction may contribute to abnormal protein accumulation in Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study investigates associations between an indirect proxy of glymphatic function, plasma neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory biomarkers, and tau-PET burden across the AD continuum. Data from 407 ADNI participants were utilized. Diffusion Tensor Image Analysis Along the Perivascular Space (DTI-ALPS) is used as a noninvasive proxy of glymphatic activity. Multivariable linear regression...

Medical image analysis for Alzheimer's Disease (AD) diagnosis faces two key challenges: capturing spatial dependencies between anatomically connected brain regions and providing clinically interpretable explanations. While Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) excel at local feature extraction and Vision Transformers handle long-range dependencies, neither explicitly models the relational structure between brain regions-critical for understanding disease progression. We propose a hybrid CNN-GCN...

TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) proteinopathy has recently emerged as a pivotal, yet underrecognized, contributor to the multifaceted neuropathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). While amyloid-β and tau have long been established as cardinal pathological hallmarks, growing evidence delineates TDP-43 as a critical participant of neurodegeneration, intricately interwoven with amyloid and tau pathologies. TDP-43 mislocalization, post-translational modifications, and aggregation potentiate...

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CONCLUSION: NAC shows potential in modulating mechanisms of muscle deterioration, but evidence remains largely preclinical. Well-designed randomized trials in older adults, particularly with sarcopenia or frailty, are needed.

CONCLUSION: This study provides longitudinal evidence from a large prospective cohort indicating that LHS is an independent predictor of self-reported incident OP in the older population. As a simple and practical tool, handgrip strength testing can aid in the early identification of individuals at high risk for OP in community and clinical settings, providing a basis for implementing targeted preventive strategies, while highlighting the need for future research to confirm the observed...

Transfer RNA (tRNA) halves (tRHs) are generated via the cleavage of tRNAs, but their roles in aging and longevity remain poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate a direct role of tRHs in aging in metazoans. Through a genetic screen using Caenorhabditis elegans, we identify DIS-3/DIS3 as a ribonuclease that catalyzes tRH generation, including 5'-tRH-Gln and 5'-tRH-Asp, from tRNAs. Among them, 5'-tRH-Gln is essential for longevity conferred by various interventions, including dietary restriction....