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Immune mechanisms and shared immune targets in neurodegenerative diseases

9 months ago
The immune system plays a major part in neurodegenerative diseases. In some, such as multiple sclerosis, it is the primary driver of the disease. In others, such as Alzheimer disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Parkinson disease, it has an amplifying role. Immunotherapeutic approaches that target the adaptive and innate immune systems are being explored for the treatment of almost all neurological diseases, and the targets and approaches are often common across diseases. Microglia are the...
Howard L Weiner

Increased mitochondrial mutation heteroplasmy induces aging phenotypes in pluripotent stem cells and their differentiated progeny

9 months ago
The mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) is an important source of inherited extranuclear variation. Clonal increases in mtDNA mutation heteroplasmy have been implicated in aging and disease, although the impact of this shift on cell function is challenging to assess. Reprogramming to pluripotency affects mtDNA mutation heteroplasmy. We reprogrammed three human fibroblast lines with known heteroplasmy for deleterious mtDNA point or deletion mutations. Quantification of mutation heteroplasmy in the...
Amy R Vandiver