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C-terminal amides mark proteins for degradation via SCF-FBXO31

5 months ago
During normal cellular homeostasis, unfolded and mislocalized proteins are recognized and removed, preventing the build-up of toxic byproducts¹. When protein homeostasis is perturbed during ageing, neurodegeneration or cellular stress, proteins can accumulate several forms of chemical damage through reactive metabolites^(2,3). Such modifications have been proposed to trigger the selective removal of chemically marked proteins^(3-6); however, identifying modifications that are sufficient to...
Matthias F Muhar

Integrating single-cell RNA and T cell/B cell receptor sequencing with mass cytometry reveals dynamic trajectories of human peripheral immune cells from birth to old age

5 months ago
A comprehensive understanding of the evolution of the immune landscape in humans across the entire lifespan at single-cell transcriptional and protein levels, during development, maturation and senescence is currently lacking. We recruited a total of 220 healthy volunteers from the Shanghai Pudong Cohort (NCT05206643), spanning 13 age groups from 0 to over 90 years, and profiled their peripheral immune cells through single-cell RNA-sequencing coupled with single T cell and B cell receptor...
Yufei Wang

Niche-derived Semaphorin 4A safeguards functional identity of myeloid-biased hematopoietic stem cells

5 months ago
Somatic stem cell pools comprise diverse, highly specialized subsets whose individual contribution is critical for the overall regenerative function. In the bone marrow, myeloid-biased hematopoietic stem cells (myHSCs) are indispensable for replenishment of myeloid cells and platelets during inflammatory response but, at the same time, become irreversibly damaged during inflammation and aging. Here we identify an extrinsic factor, semaphorin 4A (Sema4A), which non-cell-autonomously confers myHSC...
Dorsa Toghani

<em>Drosophila</em> aux orchestrates the phosphorylation-dependent assembly of the lysosomal V-ATPase in glia and contributes to SNCA/α-synuclein degradation

5 months ago
Glia contribute to the neuropathology of Parkinson disease (PD), but how they react opposingly to be beneficial or detrimental under pathological conditions, like promoting or eliminating SNCA/α-syn (synuclein alpha) inclusions, remains elusive. Here we present evidence that aux (auxilin), the Drosophila homolog of the PD risk factor GAK (cyclin G associated kinase), regulates the lysosomal degradation of SNCA/α-syn in glia. Lack of glial GAK/aux increases the lysosome number and size, regulates...
Shiping Zhang

PEBP1 amplifies mitochondrial dysfunction-induced integrated stress response

5 months ago
Mitochondrial dysfunction is involved in numerous diseases and the aging process. The integrated stress response (ISR) serves as a critical adaptation mechanism to a variety of stresses, including those originating from mitochondria. By utilizing mass spectrometry-based cellular thermal shift assay (MS-CETSA), we uncovered that phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein 1 (PEBP1), also known as Raf kinase inhibitory protein (RKIP), is thermally stabilized by stresses which induce mitochondrial...
Ling Cheng

Raman Spectroscopy in Cellular and Tissue Aging Research

5 months ago
The establishment of various molecular, physiological, and genetic markers for cellular senescence and aging-associated conditions has progressed the aging study. To identify such markers, a combination of optical, proteomic-, and sequencing-based tools is primarily used, often accompanying extrinsic labels. Yet, the tools for clinical detection at the molecular, cellular, and tissue levels are still lacking which profoundly hinders advancements in the specific detection and timely prevention of...
Jeong Hee Kim