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This book chapter will focus on modifications to chromatin itself, how chromatin modifications are regulated, and how these modifications are deciphered by the cell to impact aging. In this chapter, we will review how chromatin modifications change with age, examine how chromatin-modifying enzymes have been shown to regulate aging and healthspan, discuss how some of these epigenetic changes are triggered and how they can regulate the lifespan of the individual and its naïve descendants, and...

Dietary restriction (DR) is a well-established method for extending lifespan across various species, including C. elegans. Among the different DR regimens, axenic dietary restriction (ADR), in which worms are grown in a nutrient-rich sterile liquid medium, yields the most powerful lifespan extension. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this longevity phenotype remain largely unexplored. Through a pilot screen of candidate genes, we identified the proprotein convertase BLI-4 as a crucial...

CONCLUSION: These findings suggested a substantial link between elevated B2M levels and cognitive decline among U.S. older adults, partly mediated through the faster pace of aging. This correlation highlights the potential of B2M as a biomarker for early detection and therapeutic intervention of aging-related cognitive decline.

The influence of gut microbes on aging has been reported in several studies, but the mediating pathways of gut microbiota, whether there is a causal relationship between the two, and biomarker screening and validation have not been fully discussed. In this study, Mendelian Randomization (MR) and Linkage Disequilibrium Score Regression (LDSC) are used to systematically investigate the associations between gut microbiota, three aging indicators, and 14 age-related diseases. Additionally, this...

Cognitive decline has been postulated to predispose to presbyphagia but the neurophysiological basis of this interaction is unclear. To investigate the role of cognition for compensatory resource allocation within the swallowing network and behavioral swallowing performance in dual-task cognitive and motor interference in ageing, volunteers ≥ 70 years of age without preexisting diseases causing dysphagia were investigated using Flexible Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing (FEES) including a...