Aging & Longevity

The basic excitatory neurons of the cerebral cortex, the pyramidal cells, are the most important signal integrators for the local circuit. They have quite characteristic morphological and electrophysiological properties that are known to be largely constant with age in the young and adult cortex. However, the brain undergoes several dynamic changes throughout life, such as in the phases of early development and cognitive decline in the aging brain. We set out to search for intrinsic cellular...

Efforts to increase health span bring to light the necessity of constructing biological age (BA) for measuring aging. However, universally adaptive BA needs further investigation, especially among the Chinese population. Therefore, this study aimed to construct BA using routine clinical markers for the Chinese population. Included were two Chinese prospective cohorts, the Kailuan Study I (n = 83,571) for developing BA and the Kailuan Study II (n = 21,229) for validation. Leveraging baseline...

CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that PNF techniques compared with aerobic exercise could not contribute to improved balance, fear of falling, and quality of life. Therefore, more clinical trial studies with a control group are needed to determine the exact effects of these techniques.

Studies examining the interplay between chronic pain, cognitive function, and functional brain abnormalities in older adults are scarce. To address this gap, we administered a series of neuropsychological tests and recorded electroencephalography (EEG) data during resting-state conditions in 26 older adults with chronic pain (CPOA), 30 pain-free older adults (OA), and 31 younger adults (YA). CPOA demonstrated poorer performance compared to OA on the Stroop test, the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test...

Collagen loss is one of the major contributor to signs of skin aging such as dryness, roughness, and wrinkle formation, which is closely linked to a decline in the amount of proline produced in mitochondria. Melatonin has been shown to improve several clinical signs of skin aging, while the mechanism is unclear. In our study, we found that mitophagy, proline synthesis key enzyme NADK2 and proline and collagen levels were significantly reduced, while oxidative stress levels increased in aging...

Ames dwarf mice (df/df) live 50% longer than normal littermates due to a genetic defect in growth hormone (GH) signaling. The enhanced longevity of Ames dwarfs has been studied extensively in an endocrinological context of cellular metabolism and increased resistance to oxidative stress (Bartke. World J Mens Health 37(1):19, 8; Bartke 2; BartkeJ Am Aging Assoc 23(4):219, 10; Bartke. World J Mens Health 39(3):454-465, 11; Brown-Borg et al. Nature 384(6604):33-33, 1; Masternak et al. 2018)....

The human Fallopian tube (FT) is an important organ in the female reproductive system and has been implicated as a site of origin for pelvic serous cancers, including high-grade serous tubo-ovarian carcinoma (HGSC). We have generated comprehensive whole-genome bisulfite sequencing, RNA-seq, and proteomic data of over 100 human FTs, with detailed clinical covariate annotations. Our results challenge existing paradigms that extensive epigenetic, transcriptomic and proteomic alterations exist in...

Samul-tang (SM) is a traditional prescription widely used in clinical practice for the management of gynecological diseases, especially for menstrual regulation and infertility treatment. We previously reported its efficacy in increasing mature oocyte production and improving ovarian reserves, potentially regulated by rat sarcoma virus (Ras) signaling in the ovaries of aged mice. Although the main ingredients of SM are known, the bioactive compounds responsible for protecting ovarian function...

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Ageing is the most prominent risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the cellular mechanisms linking neuronal proteostasis decline to the characteristic aberrant protein deposits in the brains of patients with AD remain elusive. Here we develop transdifferentiated neurons (tNeurons) from human dermal fibroblasts as a neuronal model that retains ageing hallmarks and exhibits AD-linked vulnerabilities. Remarkably, AD tNeurons accumulate proteotoxic deposits, including phospho-tau and...

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Adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors are an ideal platform for gene therapy due to their ability to deliver therapeutic cargos safely and effectively across various target organs. Their low immunogenicity contributes to long-lasting therapeutic effects. However, recent insights highlight the significance of CpG content within AAV vectors, where unmethylated CpG dinucleotides can trigger a TLR9-mediated immune response, leading to the rapid elimination of transduced cells. Clinical evidence...

CONCLUSIONS: The risk of osteoporosis is independently associated with the prediction of mortality. The OSTA may serve as a suitable predictor for mortality related to osteoporosis among the Asian population.

CONCLUSION: Moderate and light physical activity in older adults alleviates depression and improves instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs), and light physical activity improves the level of activities of daily living (ADLs).

CONCLUSION: The prevalence of VI is high older (> 55 years) adults in Cameroon, with clear differences between men and women. The oldest individuals, and women appear to be most vulnerable. The identification of at-risk groups/persons through this cross-sectional study should make it possible to adapt public health strategies to contribute to the WHO objective of healthy ageing.

Ankle proprioception and attentional resources are crucial for maintaining balance and safely driving. However, research exploring the age-related integrity of ankle proprioception has yielded conflicting results, while the attentional demand of proprioceptive processing in seniors remains underexplored. We investigated how aging affects the interaction between proprioception and attention in healthy sedentary adults using a novel dual-task paradigm. Sedentary old and young adults performed an...

N⁴-acetylcytidine (ac⁴C) is deposited on diverse RNAs by N-acetyltransferase 10 (NAT10), a protein with high biological relevance for aging and cancer. We performed a comprehensive survey of ac⁴C using metabolic labeling, sodium cyanoborohydride chemical treatment coupled to next-generation sequencing (NGS), and ac⁴C antibody-based cell and molecular biology techniques. Our analysis shows that NAT10-dependent ac⁴C-acetylation is robust in rRNA and specific tRNAs but low/spurious in mRNA. It also...

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent joint disease characterized by pain, disability, and loss of physical function, posing a challenge to public health. However, molecular mechanisms of OA pathogenesis have not been fully described. We report that tripartite motif containing 15 (TRIM15) is a regulator in chondrocyte senescence and OA. Our study revealed heightened expression of TRIM15 in chondrocytes of senescent cartilage from patients with OA and in aged wild-type mice. Using gain- and...

Senescence is a non-proliferative cellular state derived from aging or in response to exogenous insults, such as those that cause DNA damage. As a result of cancer treatments like cisplatin, certain tumor cells may undergo senescence. However, rather than being beneficial for patients, this is detrimental because these cells might proliferate again under specific conditions and, more importantly, because they synthesize and secrete molecules that promote the proliferation of nearby cells....

Aging is characterized by changes in gene expression, some of which can drive deleterious cellular phenotypes and senescence. The transcriptional activation of senescence genes has been mainly attributed to epigenetic shifts, but the changes in chromatin accessibility and its underlying mechanisms remain largely elusive in natural aging. Here, we profiled chromatin accessibility in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) from individuals with ages ranging from neonatal to octogenarian. We found that...