Aging & Longevity

CONCLUSION: Activities of Daily Living mediates the relationship between social participation and Self-rated Health. Attention should be paid to the Activities of Daily Living of older adults, with particular attention to those living alone and those who are chronically ill, and to social resources to enhance the social participation of older persons.

Proteins are essential biomolecules that play indispensable roles in maintaining cellular homeostasis and regulating systemic metabolic processes. Protein deficiency is closely associated with age-related chronic diseases. Our purpose is to reveal the reason of protein deficiency in the elderly and potential treatments. A systematic literature search mainly on human studies addressing gastrointestinal aging and amino acid homeostasis was conducted. This review investigated the effects of aging...

While a ketogenic diet (KD) can improve certain health parameters, evidence from murine and clinical studies suggests that these effects may be dependent on multiple variables. One understudied variable is the role of sex in the response to a KD. Here, we show that a KD-induced increase in p53, p21, and cellular senescence is only observed in male mice, except when they are given estrogen, and in female mice administered tamoxifen. Male, but not female, mice on a KD exhibit an increase in...

Accurate measurement of Drosophila feeding is vital for metabolic and aging studies, but current assays lack the throughput and sensitivity needed for large-scale screens. We introduce FlyPlate-BCA, a 96-well platform that combines automated single-fly tracking with BCA protein quantification for high-resolution, longitudinal intake measurements. FlyPlate-BCA detects a 0.1× nutrient dilution with 90% power using just four replicates, three times fewer than the capillary feeder (CAFE) assay. It...

Transformative neuropathology is redefining human brain research by integrating foundational descriptive pathology with advanced methodologies. These approaches, spanning multi-omics studies and machine learning applications, will drive discovery for the identification of biomarkers, therapeutic targets, and complex disease patterns through comprehensive analyses of postmortem human brain tissue. Yet critical challenges remain, including the sustainability of brain banks, expanding donor...

Aging-related declines in energy metabolism represent a key risk factor for the development of amyloid pathology, the earliest hallmark of Alzheimer's disease. Aging also contributes to the emergence of the second major hallmark, tau pathology, whose propagation is facilitated by pre-existing amyloid accumulation. The overlap of amyloid and tau pathologies ultimately leads to neurodegeneration and the onset of Alzheimer's disease-the most prevalent form of dementia. Recent findings underscore a...

CONCLUSIONS: The mortality risk is elevated among frail elderly individuals, particularly those who are underweight. Overweight exhibits a protective role in both frail and non-frail elderly persons.

DNMT3A is a critical regulator of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) fate decisions and the most recurrently mutated gene in human clonal hematopoiesis (CH). DNMT3A is described as a DNA methyltransferase enzyme, but cells with DNMT3A loss of function show minor changes in DNA methylation that do not correlate with altered gene expression. To explore the possibility that Dnmt3a has DNA-methylation-independent functions in HSCs, we created an allelic series of mice with varying levels of...

CONCLUSION: Fall history independently predicts stroke risk in individuals with PS, highlighting the potential of fall prevention to reduce stroke burden in this population. This study provides novel evidence of a prolonged stroke risk trajectory in Asian PS cohorts, complementing Western studies focused on short-term post-fall risks. The study has several limitations. Self-reported falls may introduce recall bias and lack mechanistic details. Unmeasured confounders such as diet and medication...

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Skeletal muscle characteristics play a crucial role in understanding physical capacity, overall health, and outcomes. Muscle strength and muscle mass are key indicators of muscular function and sarcopenia. While previous research has explored biceps brachii muscle characteristics in isolation, there is a notable gap in comprehensive studies examining the direct correlation between biceps brachii muscle thickness (BMT), as measured by ultrasound, and muscle strength. In community-dwelling elderly...

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a challenging degenerative joint disease with limited treatment options. Subchondral bone plays a critical role in maintaining joint homeostasis and influencing OA progression. Here, we investigated the role of senescence in mesenchyme-derived stem/progenitor cells (MDSPCs) during OA progression, aiming to identify potential therapeutic targets. Histopathological evaluations and bioinformatic analyses of OA samples from both humans and mice revealed that EGFR^(+) MDSPCs...

Mindfulness cultivates awareness, presence, and non-judgmental acceptance, enhancing overall well-being. Inflammaging, linking age and aged-related diseases, manifests through heightened levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and CRP, impacting aging indicators like TA, TL, PWV, and FMD. To assess how mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) affect inflammaging, a search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register, and ProQuest Dissertation & Theses Global up to March 2024. Criteria...

INTRODUCTION: The cerebellum is essential for motor control and learning, relying on structural and functional integrity. Age-related atrophy leads to Purkinje cell loss, but subtle neurochemical changes in GABA, Glx (glutamate + glutamine), and glutathione (GSH) may precede degeneration and contribute to motor decline.

Using multi-echo blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) neuroimaging, we examined lifespan differences in three subcortical nuclei important to the neuromodulation of cognition and target sites for early Alzheimer's pathogenesis in the isodendritic core: the locus coeruleus (LC) the major source of noradrenaline, the nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM) the major source of acetylcholine, and the ventral tegmental area (VTA) the major source of dopamine. Seventy-one participants, from 19 to 86...

CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Within this prospective cohort analysis, low CC emerged as a new independent risk factor for incident sarcopenia over 3 years, with a concomitant escalation in risk observed with severe diminution of CC.

The intensive production and use of plastics, poor biodegradability and inadequate recycling have caused excessive and alarming environmental pollution. This has led to the inevitable intake by humans, through different routes, of small plastic particles, the micro and nano-plastics (MNPs) with sizes ranging from nanometers (<1000 nm) to micrometers (from 5 mm to 1 µm). MNPs can cause harmful effects in human tissues and organs, contributing to the early onset of aging and various age-related...

Given the growing global elderly population and the accelerating decrease in grey matter volume (GMV) with age, understanding healthy brain aging is increasingly important. This study investigates whether variations in modifiable traits can account for differences in GMV and whether these traits can inform strategies to mitigate risks of future brain disorders. We identified 66 traits significantly associated with total GMV. Further, we examined the joint contributions of different domain traits...

Ageing is a prevalent characteristic of all cells, tissues, and organs; certain ones, such as the ovaries, undergo significant ageing and do so early in the lifespan of mammals. Despite the widely recognized hormonal regulation occurring in the ovaries, numerous mechanisms influencing ovarian ageing remain unclear. Recently, a long-overlooked consequence of splicing, small RNA molecules, characterized by their circular structure, have gained attention. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been...