Aging & Longevity

Older adults are the primary population for cell-based therapies for age-related diseases, but the efficacy of administering autologous mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is impaired due to biological aging. In the present study, we cultured aging adipose (AD)-derived MSCs from > 65-year-old donors on extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesized by human amniotic fluid-derived pluripotent stem cells (ECM Plus) versus tissue culture plastic (TCP) and hypothesized that ECM Plus provided an ideal "young"...

This systematic review aims to investigate the moderating effects of cognitive reserve (CR) on the relationships between cognitive function and multimodal Alzheimer's disease (AD)-signatured brain changes, measured by positron emission tomography (PET), structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) and functional MRI (fMRI). Through a comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, we identified 55 eligible studies examining the moderating effect of CR on the relationship between...

Aging is a process of gradual decline in physical and cognitive function and is a major risk factor for mortality. Despite the increasing number of relevant studies, the mechanisms regulating the aging process have not been fully elucidated. Genetic factors have long been recognized as key factors in controlling the rate of aging. Testes-specific protease 50 (TSP50) has been shown to be involved in the regulation of embryonic development and intestinal homeostasis, but its role in the regulation...

A physically active lifestyle benefits cellular aging, however the mechanisms linking physical activity (PA) with longevity remain unclear. PA is associated with longer telomere length (TL), while shorter TL has been associated with increased cellular aging. Some research suggests increased levels of inflammatory markers, such as C-reactive protein (CRP), are associated with telomere dysfunction. We tested the hypothesis that CRP levels mediate the association between PA and TL. Using data from...

There is increasing evidence to suggest that vascular dysfunction can contribute to cognitive decline in ageing and dementia. This dysfunction can take the form of a reduction of cerebral blood flow (CBF), a loss of blood-brain barrier (BBB) function or a combination of the two. Indeed, CBF and BBB changes may be causally linked, although this possible causality and its directionality are understudied. Appreciation of the role of vascular dysfunction in initiating cognitive decline in ageing and...

Microglia are resident immune cells of the brain and are implicated in the etiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other diseases. Yet the cellular and molecular processes regulating their function throughout the course of the disease are poorly understood. Here, we present a transcriptional analysis of primary microglia from 189 human postmortem brains, including 58 healthy aging individuals and 131 with a range of disease phenotypes, such as 63 patients representing the full clinical and...

The effects of calorie restriction (CR) on age-related epigenetic modifications have recently been exposed, yet there is a road ahead in explaining the effects of CR on the epigenetic regulations. Although the exact mechanism(s) underlying the beneficial effects of CR on healthy brain aging is still unclear, increasing evidence suggests that epigenetic modifications are promising regulators that may be involved in this phenomenon. Here, we assessed the long-term effects of two different types of...

CONCLUSION: From 1992 to 2021, the global burden of varicella zoster among adults aged 65 and older has changed significantly. The ASIR of varicella and herpes zoster increased, but ASDR decreased. Despite the notable advancement in health equity across countries, the burden persists disproportionately among populations in low-SDI regions.

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BACKGROUND: Advancing age is the number one risk factor for cognitive decline and dementia, making cognitive aging a concern for the nearly half of Veterans who are age 65 and older. There has been a growing appreciation for the value of nonpharmacological lifestyle interventions in dementia risk reduction, including consistently exercising, eating a healthy diet, getting sufficient sleep, socializing, and engaging in cognitively stimulating activities. The 12-week Aging Well through Interaction...

Frailty is an age-related syndrome characterized by an increased vulnerability to adverse health outcomes in the face of stressors. By deriving a blood-based proteomic signature for frailty, the current study aimed to enhance the understanding of frailty biology and created a person-specific predictor for the risk of frailty and other adverse age-related health outcomes. A 25-protein signature (proteomic frailty index [pFI]) predictive of the cumulative frailty index (FI) in the LonGenity cohort...

Aging is associated with the appearance of senescent cells secreting the senescence-associated secretome, facilitating a milieu favoring age-related microenvironmental changes. As we previously showed the production of local nonpituitary growth hormone (npGH) in senescent colon epithelial cells, we now elucidate mechanisms underlying npGH action in the nontumorous colon tissue microenvironment. We demonstrate autocrine npGH action in normal human colon cells (hNCC) infected with...

Objectives: This study explores the relationship between social and activity participation (SAP) and subjective well-being (SWB) among older adults in Japan, with a particular focus on differences by care-needing status. Methods: Data were drawn from the 2019 Sakai City Older Adults Survey, including 5469 healthy and 406 care-needing individuals aged 65 and over (65.59% female). An ordered probit model was used to estimate the association between SAP and SWB, which was measured on an 11-point...

CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that ipsilateral sensorimotor activity during the current dexterous task reflects different physiological mechanisms between younger and older adults. When performing the task, younger adults recruited the ipsilateral PMd, S1, and Area 2 by disinhibiting their interhemispheric inhibition to complement for their clumsiness; the ipsilateral PMd appeared important for the interhemispheric interaction, whereas the ipsilateral sensorimotor activity in older adults...

As we age, cerebral endothelial cells (CECs) are less efficient in maintaining genome integrity and accumulate DNA damage. DNA damage in the brain endothelium can lead to the impairment of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which is a major factor in brain dysfunction and dementia. Thus, identifying factors that regulate DNA repair in the brain endothelium can prevent brain dysfunction associated with aging. E2F1 is a transcription factor that regulates the expression of genes associated with DNA...

The expression levels of telomerase exhibit regulatory heterogeneity across different cell types and various biological stages of cell development. The expression of telomerase is dynamically regulated across cell types and developmental stages, with its activity predominantly determined by the abundance of its catalytic subunit, telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT). Telomerase levels are typically high in the pluripotent embryonic stem cells, germline cells, and cancer cells, and silenced in...

Lysosomes are membranous organelles that are crucial for cell function and organ physiology. Serving as the terminal stations of the endocytic pathway, lysosomes have fundamental roles in the degradation of endogenous and exogenous macromolecules and particles as well as damaged or superfluous organelles. Moreover, the lysosomal membrane is a docking and activation platform for several signalling components, including mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1), which orchestrates metabolic signalling in the cell....

Frailty is a multifaceted clinical state associated with accelerated aging and adverse health outcomes. Informed etiological models of frailty hold promise for producing widespread health improvements across the aging population. Frailty is currently measured using aggregate scores, which obscure etiological pathways that are only relevant to subcomponents of frailty. Here we perform a multivariate genome-wide association study of the latent genetic architecture between 30 frailty deficits,...

CONCLUSIONS: SARA-OBS results contribute to defining subgroups of older adults at risk of functional decline over 6 months, specifically subjects with SPPB = 8, affecting GS and the 6MWD. Additionally, the SO subpopulation exhibited a relevant deterioration in physical function as evaluated by the 6MWD.

The degradation of cellular components through autophagy is essential for longevity and healthy aging. However, autophagy function decreases with aging, contributing to age-related diseases. In this study, we characterized a small-molecule activator of autophagy called AA-20 that enhances autophagy and lipid droplet clearance in human cells and in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. AA-20 reduces polyglutamine aggregation in an autophagy-dependent manner in both human cells and C. elegans,...