Aging & Longevity

Skeletal muscle weakness is a major component of age-associated frailty, but the underlying mechanisms are not completely understood. Drosophila has emerged as a useful model for studying skeletal muscle aging. In this organism, previous lab-based selection established strains with increased longevity and reduced age-associated muscle functional decline compared to a parental strain. Here, we have applied a computational pipeline (JUMPptm) for retrieving information on 8 post-translational...

Aging is a complex process that affects human health and lifespan. While chronological age (CA) is a significant risk factor for many diseases, it does not fully capture biological changes that influence health span. This study explores cognitive measures using the Seoul Neuropsychological Screening Battery and body composition profiles as potential biological age (BA) markers in the older population. Multiple linear regression, principal component analysis (PCA), and the Klemera-Doubal (KDM)...

Skin aging is influenced by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. The gradual manifestation of changes in telomere length and telomerase activity, as crucial indicators of aging, elucidates the underlying mechanism of skin aging. This review aims to comprehensively analyze the association between telomeres and aging, along with their impact on skin biological function. Firstly, we summarize the structure and function of telomeres and their role in cell division. Subsequently, we discuss the...

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are important regulators of brain and immune function that play critical roles in the neuropathology and progression of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD). However, quantifying nAChRs in the brain remains elusive, and little is known about peripheral measures of nAChR in older adults or their relationship to cognition. Here, we examined associations between nAChR expression and immunoregulatory function in peripheral blood monocytes and...

As men get older, they often develop benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), an enlarged prostate that is not cancerous or dangerous. Although the etiology of BPH is unknown, increasing evidence indicates that the TGF-β signaling pathway might be a key player in its pathogenesis. TGF-β is a pleiotropic cytokine involved in proliferation, differentiation, and extracellular matrix re-modeling, which are all dysregulated in BPH. Cellular senescence is primarily initiated by TGF-β--induced, irreversible...

In particular, oxidative stress, generated by excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), plays a major role in the neurodegenerative component of Parkinson's disease (PD) in aged neurons. DJ-1 (PARK7) is a key factor for maintaining redox homeostasis and modulation of mitochondrial function to preserve the cellular survival pathways. DJ-1 also plays a role in redox signaling independently of its antioxidant capacity by preventing the redox chain disulfide formation and stabilizing the master...

Mitochondria play a crucial role in brain homeostasis and changes in mitochondrial bioenergetics are linked to age-related neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. We investigated changes in the activities of the electron transport chain (ETC) complexes in normally aging baboon brains and determined how these changes relate to donor sex, morning cortisol levels, and walking speed. We assessed mitochondrial bioenergetics from archived prefrontal cortex...

Aging affects reproductive capabilities in males through physiological and behavioral alterations, including endocrine changes and decreased libido. In this study, we investigated the influence of intermittent fasting (IF) on these aging-related declines, using male C57BL/6J mice. Our findings revealed that IF significantly preserved reproductive success in aged mice, not by improving traditional reproductive metrics such as sperm quality or endocrine functions but by enhancing mating behavior....

Ageing is a scientifically fascinating and complex biological occurrence characterised by morphological and functional changes due to accumulated molecular and cellular damage impairing tissue and organ function. Ageing is often accompanied by cognitive decline but is also the biggest known risk factor for Alzheimer's disease, the most common form of dementia. Emerging evidence suggests that sedentary and unhealthy lifestyles accelerate brain ageing, while regular physical activity, high...

CONCLUSION: Our findings demonstrate that, regardless of age, sex, education level, stature, and fall incidence, PFF assessments remain critical for identifying older adults at risk for PFS. The study highlights the predictive strength of key variables, such as PAL, MGS, and the Tinetti-POMA components, offering novel insights into the role of these tests in improving PFS screening accuracy. These results underscore the importance of integrating PFF assessments into routine clinical and...

Senescent hepatocytes accumulate in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and are linked to worse clinical outcomes. However, their heterogeneity and lack of specific markers have made them difficult to target therapeutically. Here, we define a senescent hepatocyte gene signature (SHGS) using in vitro and in vivo models and show that it tracks with MASLD progression/regression across mouse models and large human cohorts. Single-nucleus RNA-sequencing and functional...

We aimed to develop a machine-learning model to predict all-cause mortality among Brazilians aged 50 and over, incorporating demographic, health, and lifestyle characteristics as predictors. We analyzed data from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSI-Brazil), waves 1 and 2 (2015-2021), a nationally representative sample from 70 municipalities across Brazil's five regions. Nine algorithms, including Random Forest, Gradient Boosting, XGBOOST, and Logistic Regression, were tested on 9412...

Fertilization-dependent elimination of the persistent synergid cell is essential to block supernumerary pollen tubes and thus to avoid polyspermy in flowering plants. Little is known about the molecular mechanisms ensuring timely induction and execution of synergid cell death. We analyzed manually isolated maize synergid cells along their degeneration and show that they are gland cells expressing batteries of genes encoding small secreted proteins under control of the MYB98 transcription factor....

The global aging population presents significant challenges to public health systems, particularly in countries like Hungary, which faces some of the least favorable health indicators in the European Union. To address these challenges, Purpose in Life (PIL) has emerged as a critical determinant of healthy aging, influencing physical, mental, and social health. Defined as a sense of meaning, direction, and intentionality, PIL promotes resilience, mitigates age-related decline, and fosters...

No abstract

No abstract

O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) interacts robustly with all three mammalian TET methylcytosine dioxygenases. Here we show that deletion of the Ogt gene in mouse embryonic stem (mES) cells results in a widespread increase in the TET product 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in both euchromatic and heterochromatic compartments, with a concomitant reduction in the TET substrate 5-methylcytosine at the same genomic regions. mES cells treated with an OGT inhibitor also displayed increased 5-hydroxymethylcytosine,...

DNA methylation is a critical epigenetic mechanism in numerous biological processes, including gene regulation, development, ageing and the onset of various diseases such as cancer. Studies of methylation are increasingly using single-molecule long-read sequencing technologies to simultaneously measure epigenetic states such as DNA methylation with genomic variation. These long-read data sets have spurred the continuous development of advanced computational methods to gain insights into the...

CONCLUSION: Older adult-focused community organizations recognized the critical role they played for older adults and adapted their resources to meet those needs. Informational technology was quickly and effectively leveraged to promote social interaction for older adults when physical distancing was required during the COVID-19 pandemic. Barriers related to cost, time, and ultimately older adults' interest in a virtual delivery format were critical limitations.

CONCLUSIONS: We confirmed the segmentation of internet use patterns and its associations with frailty in older populations, noting age-sex differences. The heterogeneity in the association between internet use and frailty provides evidence for the incorporation of digital technology into health care for older adults, highlighting its role in enhancing social interaction. These findings are cross-sectional, which limits causal inference. Further longitudinal study is needed.