Aging & Longevity

This study aimed to evaluate the predictive capacity of the Body Roundness Index (BRI), Abdominal Body Shape Index (ABSI), Waist-to-Weight Index (WWI), and Waist-to-Height Ratio (WHtR) for sarcopenic obesity (SO) incidence among older adults in China using data from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS). The cohort included 3,919 participants aged 65 and older, with a mean follow-up of 2.79 years. Sarcopenic obesity was defined by low muscle mass and high body fat....

CONCLUSIONS: The results contribute to the understanding of aging-related functional trajectories and offer actionable insights for healthcare planning and intervention development.

DBI/ACBP (diazepam binding inhibitor, acyl CoA-binding protein) is a macroautophagy/autophagy-inhibitory tissue hormone produced by multiple cell types. The plasma levels of DBI/ACBP rise with age and disease. In centenarians living in nursing homes, DBI/ACBP concentrations are approximately threefold higher than in younger adults (30-48 years old), but these levels increase further in centenarians hospitalized due to disease exacerbation. Elevated DBI/ACBP correlates with unfavorable clinical...

INTRODUCTION: We aimed to determine whether cardiometabolic risk factors and blood-pressure (BP) metrics were differentially associated with white matter hyperintensities volume (WMHV) in males versus females in the Health and Aging Brain Study-Health Disparities.

Using data from the 2022 and 2023 U.S. National Aging and Health Trends Studies (N = 4,942 sample persons interviewed in both years), we examined cross-sectional and one-year lagged bidirectional relationships between the severity of cognitive impairment and depressive/anxiety symptoms. We fitted multinomial logistic and linear regression models for cross-sectional associations and a path model for one-year cross-lagged associations. Depressive/anxiety symptoms were cross-sectionally associated...

Aging is associated with declines in muscle mass, strength, aerobic capacity, and metabolic health, accompanied by increased low-grade inflammation. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of 12 weeks of resistance training (RT) combined with minimal high-intensity interval training (HIIT), with or without polyphenol supplementation, on muscular, cardiovascular, metabolic, and inflammatory adaptations in healthy older adults. Forty-one men and women aged 55-70 years ingested either...

Understanding cellular and molecular drivers of age-related cognitive decline is necessary to identify targets to restore cognition at old age. Here we identify ferritin light chain 1 (FTL1), an iron-associated protein, as a pro-aging neuronal factor that impairs cognition. Using transcriptomic and mass spectrometry approaches, we detect an increase in neuronal FTL1 in the hippocampus of aged mice, the levels of which correlate with cognitive decline. Mimicking an age-related increase in...

Tissue-specific regulation of gene expression is essential for multicellular organisms, and RNA-binding proteins play central roles in these molecular processes. To determine how the Caenorhabditis elegans RNA-binding protein, ADR-1, regulates tissue-specific gene expression, we profiled the RNA-binding targets of ADR-1 in neural cells and assessed the effects of ADR-1 binding on neural gene expression. We identified a cohort of neural transcripts that function in lipid metabolism and are...

A central question in the fields of genetics and evolution was the nature and origin of spontaneous mutation. Bacterial genetic experiments throughout the middle of the 20th century were key to understanding how genomes change and what cellular mechanisms act to limit such change. These mechanisms are shared among all life on the planet and have implications for human diseases and aging. The purpose of this review is to highlight genetic breakthroughs during this period using bacterial systems...

Aging disrupts physiological and behavioral homeostasis, largely driven by one-carbon metabolism, mitochondrial, and metabolic imbalance. To elucidate the roles of conserved metabolic and mitochondrial genes in age-related decline, we employed genetic manipulations in vivo using Drosophila melanogaster models, in a cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous manner. By using panneuronal and indirect flight muscle (IFM) specific drivers, we assessed the impact of gene knockdown (KD) or overexpression...

Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) are stress-induced cytokines increased in age-related and metabolic disorders. The aim of the present study was to analyze the association between circulating concentrations of GDF15 and FGF21 in obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in the context of aging. Serum samples from 405 participants (33 with normal weight and normoglycemia (NG), 156 with obesity and NG, 157 with obesity and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT),...

CONCLUSIONS: Significant heterogeneity exists in cognitive function among older adults with CMD, characterized by three distinct profiles. Varied transition patterns and probabilities underscore the importance of identifying and intervening with individuals at elevated risk of negative transitions, potentially improving their cognitive function.

Lactate, a byproduct of glycolysis, was first identified to induce a novel post-translational modification (PTM) known as lysine lactylation (Kla) in 2019. Kla has been shown to regulate various biological processes, including transcription, metabolism, cell proliferation, and inflammatory responses, which are pivotal in both tumorigenesis and cellular aging. Initially, Kla was identified as an epigenetic marker on histones, where it regulates gene transcription. However, more recent studies...

CONCLUSIONS: A 6-month program of progressive resistance exercise combined with nutritional support improved muscle mass and strength in postmenopausal women with osteosarcopenia. Although the HE group showed less improvement at earlier time points, their muscle strength and physical performance were comparable to those of the RE group by the end of the intervention.

The relationship between epigenetic age acceleration (EAA) and midlife cognitive function remains unclear, with limited causal evidence. We investigated this association in 1252 Black and White middle-aged adults from the Bogalusa Heart Study (BHS) and conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using GWAS summary statistics for EAA (N = 34,710) and cognition (N ≤ 106,162). In BHS, higher Hannum age acceleration, PhenoAge acceleration, and GrimAge acceleration (GrimAA) were each...

Cartilaginous fishes (e.g., sharks, rays, and skates) cannot see blue or violet light, potentially because they lack the shortwave-sensitive cone opsin gene (sws). Widespread gene loss can occur during evolution, but the evolutionary mechanisms underlying sws loss remains unclear. Here, we construct whole-genome assemblies of Okamejei kenojei (skate) and Prionace glauca (blue shark). We then analyze the distribution characteristics and intragroup differences of opsin-related genes in...

Acute kidney injury (AKI) can lead to chronic kidney disease (CKD), a transition driven by cellular senescence, a state of irreversible cell-cycle arrest. However, the molecular mechanisms promoting this pathological process remain unclear. Here we show that the channel protein Pannexin1 (Panx1) promotes this detrimental senescence and subsequent kidney fibrosis. We found that Panx1 functions in a noncanonical role as a calcium (Ca^(2+)) leak channel within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), a key...

We present direct sequencing methodologies, scTAPS for 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) and scCAPS + specifically for 5hmC, enabling quantitative detection of 5mC and 5hmC at single-base resolution and single-cell level. Achieving approximately 90% mapping efficiency, our plate-based methods accurately recover 5mC and 5hmC profiles in CD8 + T and mouse embryonic stem cells. Notably, scCAPS + reveals a global increase in 5hmC across neuronal and non-neuronal cells in the...

The concept of cognitive reserve explains how the brain maintains function despite age-related changes or neuropathological damage. Factors such as education, cognitive stimulation, and physical activity contribute to strengthening this reserve. While research has highlighted the benefits of structured exercise, less attention has been given to the impact of incidental physical activity (IPA) everyday, unplanned movements like walking or household chores. This study examined the relationship...

CONCLUSION: Our results reveal less activation of the task-relevant areas in participants from Okinawa as compared to Dutch participants. It could be hypothesized, with caution, that Okinawan older adults may need less executive processing resources to perform the task. Other differences in activation may be related to different strategy use, which may be studied in more detail in future investigations.