Aging & Longevity

CONCLUSIONS: D/AO and ND/AO were both associated with higher risk of CVD among middle-aged and older adults, which was more pronounced in people younger than 65 years old. The presence of dynapenia further increased the risk of CVD in individuals with AO.

Global population aging is increasing the demand for Long-Term Care Facilities to support older adults with complex health needs. The Prescription Day LTCFs project is a national multicenter point-prevalence study, conducted by the Italian Society of Gerontology and Geriatrics in collaboration with the ANASTE Humanitas Foundation, investigated medication prescription patterns and administration practices in 3,400 residents across 82 facilities in Italy. Participants had a mean age of 84.7 years,...

Aging is accompanied by progressive declines in metabolic and cognitive functions. Growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR), a receptor for the gut hormone ghrelin, is highly expressed in neurons and plays a crucial role in metabolic regulation. We previously reported that aged global GHSR-ablated mice are lean and insulin-sensitive, and that neuronal GHSR-deleted mice (Syn1-cre;Ghsr^(f/f)) completely prevent diet-induced obesity. However, the role of neuronal GHSR in metabolic and cognitive...

CONCLUSION: This study first identifies abnormal TmP/GFR as a novel biomarker of physical dysfunction in older adults. Additionally, its causal relationship further substantiates the reliability of this finding. Abnormal TmP/GFR enables early detection of physical dysfunction, facilitating the prevention of severe adverse outcomes.

B cell development declines with age, but how structural changes in the marrow environment contribute to that process is incompletely understood. Multiplexed volumetric imaging revealed that B lineage cells were enriched near bone, and trabecular bone in particular, in young mice. However, B cell progenitors were depleted from these regions in strains of old mice that exhibited senile osteoporosis. In striking contrast, the age-related decline of B lymphopoiesis was attenuated in mice in which...

Aging generates a variety of phenotypes in the lungs with increased alveolar airspaces or emphysema, decreased surface area, and increased disease susceptibility. Senescence, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction are known contributory factors. However, the underlying mechanisms promoting unhealthy aging remain unclear. Adenine nucleotide Translocase 1 (ANT1), a mitochondrial ADP/ATP transporter, is important for mitochondrial metabolism. Loss of ANT1 has been implicated in the...

CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: The established PhA cutoff values can be integrated into routine health assessments, enabling early detection and targeted interventions that could improve the quality of life of this population.

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Solid-state lithium diffusion dynamics are critical for the rate capability and longevity of Li-ion batteries. Conventionally, nanoscale lithium diffusion within individual battery particles has been simplified as being primarily driven by concentration gradients, despite the associated processes inducing local lattice expansion, contraction, and strain fields. Using operando scanning transmission soft X-ray microscopy with high spatial resolution and chemical sensitivity to track nanoscale...

WNT signaling is an essential pathway regulating tissue morphogenesis and regeneration. However, harnessing the pathway for regenerative medicine has been challenging due to the lack of approaches to identify and deliver specific WNT ligands to the target tissue. Herein, we reported that WNT and R-spondin (RSPO) proteins could be transported on engineered exosomes and activate the pathway synergistically. We showed that WNT3A and RSPO1 co-treatment could effectively regulate hepatic cell fate...

Cellular senescence, a hallmark of aging, can be quantified by the gene expression composite scores for the canonical senescence pathway (CSP), senescence initiating pathway (SIP), senescence response pathway (SRP), a summary of the three, and the SenMayo gene list; however, these have not been probed in representative populations. Using RNA sequencing data from the U.S. representative Health and Retirement Study (HRS) sample (N = 3580), we examine how these composite scores relate to...

Epigenetic clocks are emerging as promising tools for examining social and health disparities. These measures are typically developed using blood DNA methylation (DNAm) data. Cheek swabs, being less invasive than blood collection, can be used to assay buccal DNAm. This study examines how buccal-originated epigenetic clocks relate to socioeconomic status (SES) and health, and compares these associations to those of blood-originated clocks applied to buccal DNAm in the German SOEP cohort (N =...

Sarcopenia is a major contributor to frailty and functional decline among older adults. Combining exercise with nutritional strategies such as creatine monohydrate (CRE) and β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation may help to preserve strength and independence. To evaluate the effects of 6-week CRE + HMB supplementation combined with an integral physical conditioning (IPC) program on functional strength and body composition in physically active older adults. In a randomized,...

CONCLUSIONS: Among older adults, the risk of all-cause mortality significantly increased with a more rapid progression of tooth loss, regardless of baseline tooth count. These findings emphasize the critical importance of monitoring tooth loss progression.

Extracellular vesicles present a promising alternative to stem cells in regenerative medicine and gerontology. They offer significant advantages over cell transplantation, demonstrating potential for slowing aging and treating age-related diseases. Extracellular vesicles secreted by diverse cell types modulate inflammation, stimulate tissue regeneration, and exhibit anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. This work explores the therapeutic potential of extracellular vesicles as...

Pathogens are major drivers of cancer globally and the processes of infection and carcinogenesis unfold over decades making them difficult to observe in human or natural populations. We investigate these hidden dynamics for the foodborne trematode Opisthorchis viverrini, which is a primary cause of biliary cancer (cholangiocarcinoma) and infects 12 million people in Southeast Asia. In tumors from patients exposed to O. viverrini, we find that the earliest chromosomal amplifications carrying...

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The biological aging acceleration predicts both morbidity and mortality, while few investigations have examined its utility in evaluating transitions, e.g. development patterns, of atrial fibrillation (AF) and dementia. We aimed to investigate the utility of biological aging acceleration in predicting transitions of AF and dementia. A total of 402,955 participants (mean [SD] age: 56.5 [8.1] years; men: 45.9%) in the UK Biobank were included. Biological age was calculated using the phenotypic...

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Measuring biological aging-the underlying rate of physiological decline-has become increasingly important in predicting disease risk, guiding personalized health strategies, and advancing age-targeted therapeutics. Unlike chronological age, biological age provides a more accurate reflection of an individual's functional health and longevity potential. DNA methylation-based epigenetic clocks are established tools for estimating biological age, but existing assays often require hundreds to...