Aging & Longevity

Enhancing cognition: The power of neuroplasticity

1 month 2 weeks ago
Cognitive enhancement and neuroplasticity are interconnected terms. Neuroplasticity is an intrinsic brain capability that enables it to adapt and learn throughout life. It involves significant reorganization of neural circuits which is evident not only during normal human development but also occurs following early injury. As aging exerts a detrimental effect on various bodily systems, the extent of neuroplasticity also declines considerably. Recent evidences emphasize that cognitive enhancement...
Iqra Mukhtar

Potential role of endoplasmic reticulum quality control in retinal degenerative diseases

1 month 2 weeks ago
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the largest organelle in eukaryotic cells, and it plays a crucial role in regulating various biological processes, including protein folding, translation, and structural maturation. Accurate protein modification is essential for maintaining oxidative stress, apoptosis, and cellular senescence in the organism. The regulation of protein homeostasis involves three biological processes: endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), endoplasmic reticulum autophagy (ERPA), and...
Jia Gao

Charged peptides enriched in aromatic residues decelerate condensate ageing driven by cross-beta-sheet formation

1 month 2 weeks ago
Biomolecular condensates play wide-ranging roles in cellular compartmentalization and biological processes. However, their transition from a functional liquid-like phase into a solid-like state-usually termed as condensate ageing-represents a hallmark associated with the onset of multiple neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we design a computational pipeline to explore potential candidates, in the form of small peptides, to regulate ageing kinetics in biomolecular condensates. By...
Ignacio Sanchez-Burgos

Translational repression by 4E-T is crucial to maintain the prophase-I arrest in vertebrate oocytes

1 month 2 weeks ago
Meiotic maturation of vertebrate oocytes occurs in the near-absence of transcription. Thus, female fertility relies on timely translational activation of maternal transcripts stockpiled in full-grown prophase-I-arrested oocytes. However, how expression of these mRNAs is suppressed to maintain the long-lasting prophase-I arrest remains mysterious. Utilizing fast-acting TRIM-Away, we demonstrate that acute loss of the translation repressor 4E-T triggers spontaneous release from prophase-I arrest...
Andreas Heim

Telomere attrition becomes an instrument for clonal selection in aging hematopoiesis and leukemogenesis

1 month 2 weeks ago
The mechanisms through which mutations in splicing factor genes drive clonal hematopoiesis (CH) and myeloid malignancies, and their close association with advanced age, remain poorly understood. Here we show that telomere maintenance plays an important role in this phenomenon. First, by studying 454,098 UK Biobank participants, we find that, unlike most CH subtypes, splicing-factor-mutant CH is more common in those with shorter genetically predicted telomeres, as is CH with mutations in PPM1D...
Matthew A McLoughlin

Unlocking longevity through the comparative biology of aging

1 month 2 weeks ago
The comparative biology of aging leverages the remarkable diversity in aging rates and lifespans across species to uncover naturally evolved adaptations that promote longevity, disease resistance and injury resilience. The beauty of comparative biology is that it discovers adaptations that evolved outside of the protected laboratory environment, shaped by natural selection under real-world pressures. In this Review, we outline key approaches in comparative biology of aging studies, including the...
Cheyenne Rechsteiner

Early and long-term effects of maternal protein restriction on offspring organs and systems: insights from the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD)

1 month 2 weeks ago
Maternal malnutrition affects millions of people worldwide in two main ways: through food insecurity and hunger, as well as through diets high in ultra-processed, low-nutrient foods. These effects are often linked to deficiencies in specific macronutrients and micronutrients, which can lead to organ-specific consequences in the biological development of the child-a context explored within the framework of the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD). Given the extensive effects of...
Matheus Naia Fioretto

Assessment of surface EMG biomarkers in sarcopenic motor dysfunction during postural stabilization

1 month 2 weeks ago
CONCLUSION: This study identifies specific sEMG-derived features, particularly signal shape and complexity metrics, as potential non-invasive biomarkers for neuromuscular decline in sarcopenia. The Post-stab epoch emerges as a sensitive window for detecting deficits in motor control, supporting the use of perturbation-based tasks and sEMG analysis for early detection, monitoring, and intervention planning in aging populations.
I Junquera-Godoy

The National Dementia Workforce Study: Perspective From the National Institute on Aging

1 month 2 weeks ago
As the population of individuals living with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (AD/ADRD) continues to grow, so does the need for a well-prepared and stable dementia care workforce. The National Dementia Workforce Study (NDWS) represents a significant investment to understand the demographics, experiences, and magnitude and scope of challenges faced by the professional and direct care workforce providing care to people with dementia. This article discusses the NDWS's goals, data...
Priscilla Novak

SCORE2-Older Persons (SCORE2-OP): Validation and Added Value of Excessive Daytime Sleepiness in a French Cohort

1 month 2 weeks ago
CONCLUSIONS: In this French cohort, SCORE2-OP overestimated cardiovascular risk and showed moderate discrimination. EDS improved SCORE2-OP performance in intermediate cardiovascular risk groups where treatments are uncertain, highlighting its clinical relevance; although implications for prevention strategies require further study.
Tahiana Andriambelosoa

Even at 100+: Acute Exercise Modulates Inflammatory Pathways in Centenarians

1 month 2 weeks ago
Centenarians exhibit remarkable disease resilience despite chronic low-grade inflammation. We investigated the inflammation-related proteome response to acute exercise in seven centenarians (100-104 years). Exercise downregulated 52 proteins (e.g., TNF, IL10, IL1RN, CCL family members) involved in immune cell trafficking, apoptosis, and cytokine regulation. Even at the extreme end of the lifespan, humans retain molecular responsiveness to exercise, with modulation of inflammation-related...
Abel Plaza-Florido

The house mouse maintains constant telomere length throughout life

1 month 2 weeks ago
Telomeres protect the chromosome ends from deleterious DNA damage response and repair activities. In humans, telomerase maintains telomere length in germ and stem cells, but not in most somatic cells. Consequently, telomeres shorten with cell division and age, limiting cell proliferation and protecting against cancer. When telomeres become critically short, they may also cause senescence, inflammation, and organ failure, which are major drivers of aging. Therefore, maintaining an optimal,...
Riham Smoom

Late-Life Aerobic Exercise Attenuates DNA Damage and Telomere Dysfunction in Non-Atheroprone but Not in Atheroprone Aortic Regions

1 month 2 weeks ago
Cellular senescence is a state of persistent cell cycle arrest and is a critical contributor to arterial aging. The primary drivers of cellular senescence are the DNA damage response (DDR) and telomere dysfunction, which is induced by increasing exposure to DNA-damaging stimuli such as atheroprone shear stress. While late-life aerobic exercise is an effective intervention to mitigate arterial aging, its specific impact on the DDR and telomere dysfunction is unknown and may not show uniform...
Jisok Lim

Periadventitial delivery of mesenchymal stem cells improves vascular remodeling and maturation in arteriovenous fistulas

1 month 2 weeks ago
Worldwide, more than 4 million patients with end-stage kidney disease require hemodialysis through an arteriovenous fistula (AVF). AVFs fail because of venous neointimal hyperplasia (VNH) resulting in venous stenosis formation. A phase 1 randomized trial in patients undergoing upper extremity AVF placement was performed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of autologous adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in improving AVF function. The mechanism of action by which MSCs exert their...
Sreenivasulu Kilari

Dietary L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) augments cuticular melanization in Anopheles mosquitos reducing their lifespan and malaria burden

1 month 2 weeks ago
L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA), a naturally occurring tyrosine derivative, is prevalent in environments that include mosquito habitats, potentially serving as part of their diet. Given its role as a precursor for melanin synthesis we investigate the effect of dietary L-DOPA on mosquito physiology and immunity to Plasmodium falciparum and Cryptococcus neoformans infection. Dietary L-DOPA is incorporated into mosquito melanin via a non-canonical pathway and has a profound transcriptional...
Emma Camacho

Remodeling adipocytes' lipid metabolism with a polycation loaded enzyme-active framework reverses osteoporotic bone marrow

1 month 2 weeks ago
The function of osteoporosis-induced bone marrow adipocyte (BMAds) accumulation remains inadequately understood. Here, we analyze bone marrow lipidomic data and reveal that BMAds deteriorate the skeletal microenvironment by secreting large amounts of lipids, altering the senescence status of neighboring cells by affecting their mitochondrial function. To specifically target BMAds under osteoporotic conditions, we design a polycation-loaded biomimetic dual-site framework (CZP@LC) that interferes...
Wenzheng Lin

A chaperone-proteasome-based fragmentation machinery is essential for aggrephagy

1 month 2 weeks ago
Perturbations in protein quality control lead to the accumulation of misfolded proteins and protein aggregates, which can compromise health and lifespan. One key mechanism eliminating protein aggregates is aggrephagy, a selective type of autophagy. Here we reveal that fragmentation is required before autophagic clearance of various types of amorphous aggregates. This fragmentation requires both the 19S proteasomal regulatory particle and the DNAJB6-HSP70-HSP110 chaperone module. These two...
Mario Mauthe
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