Aging & Longevity

Aging is a major risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases, yet the role of senescent microglia in age-related cognitive dysfunction remains incompletely understood. Human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) have been extensively studied for their significant potential in anti-aging. In this study, we demonstrated that hUC-MSCs ameliorate age-related cognitive decline and downregulate senescence-associated markers in the aged hippocampus. Furthermore, co-culture experiments...

CONCLUSION: This study comprehensively reviews current research status, hotspots and trends of NIBS in AD. The results suggest that researchers should focus on the cognitive impact of NIBS technology on AD patients, the best therapeutic targets and potential mechanisms. Strengthening global collaboration among international, institutional and scientific researchers should be promoted to promote the in-depth development of this field.

INTRODUCTION: Aging is a normal process causing deterioration in normal brain function and is inevitable. The aging process is described by the buildup of senescent cells and a decline in the ability to maintain essential homeostatic functions. Cellular aging represents a critical process where cells undergo cell cycle arrest in response to stress and neuronal damage. Many neurodegenerative disorders are closely linked to cellular senescence caused by oxidative stress, ROS generation, and DNA...

Current knowledge regarding the role of gut microbiota (GM) dysbiosis and biological aging in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) remains limited. This study aims to explore the causal relationships among these factors in AMD development. Utilizing two-sample bidirectional mendelian randomization (MR), we analyzed genome-wide association study (GWAS) data from 105,248 individuals, including 14,034 early AMD cases, to assess causality between AMD, GM taxa, and biological...

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from patients with premature aging disorders are widely regarded as a foundation for both the study of fundamental aging mechanisms and preclinical testing of anti-aging therapies. The most well-studied is Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS), which is caused by a lamin A gene mutation. Comparing the progeroid phenotype in cell models of distinct premature aging syndromes is critical for identifying early and common aging hallmarks. In this...

Aging is a progressive and complex process of physiological changes that accumulate over time and end up undermining organismal performance. In many cases, this leads to the development of age-related diseases. Therefore, the identification of the exact mechanisms connecting aging to disease will be critical for the advancement of biomedical research in the field. Recently, a growing number of reports have linked ferroptosis, a form of non-apoptotic regulated cell death, to numerous age-related...

Elderly individuals with ulcerative colitis (UC) require specialized care given their prevalent multimorbidity, decreased physiologic reserves, and greater predisposition to adverse outcomes. Therefore, finding safe and effective treatments for this population is crucial. This study investigated whether probiotic mixtures of either Clostridium butyricum and Bifidobacterium infantis (hereinafter designated CB) or VSL#3 (a mixture of eight bacterial species) may reduce the severity of colitis and...

Aging is associated with increased genomic instability, a phenomenon largely driven by the accumulation of DNA damage over time, and large species of mammals seem to have more robust DNA repair systems associated with longer lives. Among DNA lesions, double-strand breaks (DSBs) are particularly deleterious and have been implicated in age-related functional decline and disease. In this study, we investigated how age and body mass affect the efficiency of DSB repair (DSBr) in primary fibroblast...

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-response is an adaptive cellular mechanism activated by an accumulation of unfolded proteins within the ER. Although recent evidence shows that the ER stress-response is activated in aged tissues, and therefore ER stress is considered a candidate driver of aging, the spatiotemporal regulation and roles of the ER stress-response during aging remain unclear. To address this research gap, we introduced an Ire1-Xbp1s ER stress-response pathway-sensitive reporter...

Aging is a risk factor for atrial fibrillation (AF). In 19-month-old mice, increases in AF inducibility are associated with enhanced protein levels of fat mass and obesity-associated protein (Fto), and reduced N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification in atrial tissue. Whether Fto-regulated m6A demethylation is involved in aging-induced AF remains unclear. AF inducibility and electrophysiology were performed through programmed stimulation and optical mapping. The intensities of slow delayed...

Valvular heart disease (VHD) is a highly prevalent age-associated cardiovascular pathology. VHD can be characterised by stenosis, an increase in valve stiffening commonly due to leaflet calcification, or regurgitation, where backflow of blood can occur as a result of valve remodelling. At present, there is a paucity of spontaneous animal models of valve disease which would aid mechanistic investigations and allow therapeutic screening. Here, we report a spontaneously occurring zebrafish valve...

A decrease in osteoblast number and bone formation are seminal contributors to age-related osteoporosis. However, the aging-associated molecular mechanisms that impact osteoblast precursors, osteoblasts, osteocytes, and other bone mesenchymal cell types remain unclear. We performed single-cell RNA-sequencing of mesenchymal cells present at the endosteum and periosteum of young and old C57BL/6 mice of both sexes. Osteoblast precursors and osteoblasts from female endosteum exhibited the greatest...

Many studies have compared gene expression in young and old samples to gain insights on aging, the primary risk factor for most chronic diseases. However, these studies only identify associations without distinguishing drivers of aging from compensatory geroprotective responses or incidental downstream effects. Here, we introduce a workflow to characterize causal effects of differentially expressed genes on lifespan. First, we performed a meta-analysis of 25 gene expression datasets comprising...

Autophagy is intricately linked with protective cellular processes, including mitochondrial function, proteostasis, and cellular senescence. Animal studies have indicated that autophagy becomes dysfunctional with aging and may contribute to T cell immunosenescence. In humans, it remains unclear whether autophagy is impaired in CD4^(+) T cells as people age. To answer this question, we examined basal and inducible autophagic activity in a series of experiments comparing CD4^(+) T cells from...

Immune cell metabolism is increasingly recognized as an important regulator of immune function, but its role in age-related immune dysfunction, chronic inflammation, and cardiometabolic complications in humans remains incompletely understood. This study investigated the impact of aging on monocyte metabolic and functional signatures in a healthy elderly population. We aimed to leverage these immunometabolic signatures to identify healthy elderly individuals with reduced immune cell fitness and,...

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are emerging as crucial regulators of biological processes and have been implicated in age-related diseases. Few studies have explored age-related circRNA expression in the human brain across the adult lifespan. This study aims to identify age-related differentially expressed circRNAs in human post-mortem dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) samples, a region critically involved in cognition that exhibits early signs of age-related changes. Total RNA sequencing was...

CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: In China, technophobia among older adults is moderate, particularly concerning privacy concerns dimensions. Higher technophobia levels are observed in those who are older, have lower education and income, and live in rural areas. This trend is global amid aging and digitalization. Health care professionals and policymakers should identify high-risk groups and risk factors, developing targeted interventions through multidisciplinary collaboration to reduce...

Non-invasive brain stimulation applied to the prefrontal cortex (PFC) has been shown to improve cognitive outcomes in older adults with cognitive impairments (Miller et al., 2023). However, the differential impact of left versus right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) stimulation on prefrontal oxygenation levels, as well as its modulation across age groups, remains insufficiently understood. 45 adults completed a within-subjects design completing 4 cognitive tasks before and after...

CONCLUSIONS: LA mitigated age-related cognitive deficits by modulating neuroinflammation through PPARγ/NF-κB suppression. Our findings highlighted the therapeutic potential of LA in aging-related cognitive decline and the role of the PPARγ/NF-κB axis in neuroinflammation regulation. As an exploratory study with a limited sample size, these findings offer promising insights that would benefit from future confirmation in larger cohorts.

CONCLUSION: Tryptophan supplementation, HIIT, and their combination similarly can influence muscle atrophy markers and adipose tissue inflammation in aging during HFD feeding.