Aging & Longevity

CONCLUSION: This study shows a clear inverted U-shaped relationship between physical activity and cognitive function in older adults with DM. Cognitive benefits do not increase with higher exercise volume and approximately 490 MET-minutes/week appears to be the optimal dose for preserving cognitive function in this population. Additional research is necessary to confirm these findings in future studies using objective, precise measures such as pedometers and accelerometers.

CONCLUSION: Chinese older adults showed inequality in IC, with more pronounced inequality in urban areas. Social activity and age are major contributing factors. Interventions such as promoting social participation, optimizing environmental resources, and implementing tailored urban-rural health policies are recommended to mitigate IC inequality and advance health equity.

Aging is an inevitable consequence for all organisms. According to the mitochondrial free radical theory of aging (MFRTA), reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are predominantly generated in mitochondria, are assumed to play a key role. Calorie restriction (CR) delays aging by improving mitochondrial function; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of ROS and CR on mitochondria remain poorly understood. Oxidative protein modifications in mitochondrial proteins from the heart...

There is increasing evidence that nutrient composition, even without lowering total calorie intake, can shape lifespan through mechanisms independent of mitochondrial regulation. Brandon and colleagues recently reported that a low-protein, high-carbohydrate (LPHC) diet enriched with non-digestible cellulose, extends lifespan in mice by shifting the liver proteome through altered RNA splicing, a response different from the mitochondrial improvements typically seen with caloric restriction. The...

Against the backdrop of the global trend toward delayed childbearing, elucidating the mechanisms underlying uterine aging has emerged as a critical biomedical priority for addressing age-related implantation failure. Through unbiased global metabolomic profiling of peri-implantation uteri across different ages in mice, we identified nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD^(+)) depletion as a hallmark metabolic feature of endometrial aging. Single-cell RNA sequencing further revealed an expansion...

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by amyloid-beta plaques and neurofibrillary tau tangles in the brain, neuroinflammation, and cognitive impairment. The 3xTg-AD mouse is a commonly used model in AD studies. 3xTg-AD males display inconsistent pathology; therefore, most studies utilize females. An understanding of why sexual dimorphism exists in this model is lacking. In humans, low circulating choline levels are associated with elevated AD pathology, while...

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation, a dynamic and reversible modification of eukaryotic mRNAs, plays critical roles in diverse cellular processes. Although METTL3-mediated m6A deposition has been implicated in cellular senescence, the mechanisms controlling METTL3 stability and activity during senescence remain poorly defined. Here, we demonstrate that both m6A levels and METTL3 protein abundance are significantly reduced in replication-induced and stress-induced senescence models. METTL3...

Previous research examining the contribution of white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) to cognitive decline has focused on overall lesion burden. A new approach, afforded by the Lesion Quantification Toolkit (LQT), measures localized connectivity disruption from WMHs to better estimate their impact on cognition. This methodology shifts the focus from lesion volume to the level of network disruption between brain regions. In this novel study, we applied the LQT approach to healthy aging and linked...

Immunonutrition refers to nutritional interventions that can improve immune function. The nutritional contents used in immunocytes include amino acids, vitamins, minerals, and flavonoids. In this study, we examine the oxi-inflamm-aging theory, which illustrates the antioxidant effects of diet, immune system performance, and life span. According to this theory, if vitamin C is consumed in the early stages of life, it can increase life span. The main objective of this study was to investigate the...

Clinical evidence supports the anti-photoaging efficacy of 5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT), yet its mechanism remains elusive. Paradoxically, ALA-PDT generates reactive oxygen species (ROS), a key mediator of ultraviolet radiation (UVR)-induced photoaging, raising questions about its rejuvenating effects. Here, we employed a multi-omics approach to clarify this paradox. A UVR-induced hairless mouse model of photoaging was treated with ALA-PDT, followed by transcriptomic,...

Telomerase RNA (TERC) is subject to various modifications, yet the implications of these modifications for telomerase biology remain largely unexplored. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive mapping of N6-Methyladenosine (m6A) modifications within TERC RNA and elucidated their regulatory role in telomerase function. Our findings demonstrate that TERC undergoes methylation at adenosine residues A111 and A435 by METTL3. A deficiency in TERC m6A, which is also linked to various human...

Macroautophagy/autophagy protects muscle from proteotoxic stress and maintains tissue homeostasis, yet skeletal muscle relies on it more than most organs. Adult fibers endure constant mechanical strain and require continuous turnover of long-lived proteins, while muscle stem cells (MuSCs) depend on autophagy to remain quiescent, activate after injury, and regenerate effectively. How autophagy is transcriptionally regulated in muscle has been unclear. We identified DEAF1 as a transcriptional...

Aging adipose tissue is a consequence of organismal aging and an "amplifier" that drives systemic metabolic disorders. This review proposes the conceptual framework of the "aging metabolic amplifier", systematically explaining how aging adipose tissue reshapes the microenvironment of distant organs through its secretory profile, thereby linking obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases. The concept of the "aging metabolic amplifier" emphasizes the important role...

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CONCLUSIONS: This study shows grandparental childcare alleviates older migrants' social isolation (as reflected by higher LSNS-6 scores) by enhancing social participation, with settlement intention moderating the link between social participation and social isolation. Notably, temporary residence mentality may strengthen social participation's positive effect, offering new evidence for explaining migrants' "cultural barriers." Future research should examine mediating variables like language...

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The leukodystrophy Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease (PMD) is caused by myelin protein proteolipid protein gene (PLP1) mutations. PMD is characterized by oligodendrocyte death and CNS hypomyelination; thus, increasing oligodendrocyte survival and enhancing myelination could provide therapeutic benefit. Here, we use the PMD mouse model Jimpy to determine the impact of the integrated stress response (ISR) on the oligodendrocyte response to mutant PLP expression. Male Jimpy animals in which the...

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Real or simulated microgravity induces a senescence-like modification of carotid artery in both human and animal observations, with the mechanisms not fully elucidated. Here, we aim to elucidate the role of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1, encoded by Srebf1) mediated lipogenesis in the process. Pharmacological activation of SREBP1 directly triggers senescence-like transformation in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), while silencing Srebf1 exerts an opposite effect....

Difficult-to-treat rheumatoid arthritis (D2T RA) is an emerging challenge in aging populations, where disease persistence and therapeutic failure often reflect not only autoimmune dysregulation but also the cumulative effects of age-related biological changes across multiple organ systems. This review reframes D2T RA through the lens of geroscience, highlighting how immunosenescence, inflammaging, and organ system vulnerability converge to create a treatment-resistant disease phenotype....