Aging & Longevity

Lysosomes are essential for neuronal homeostasis, providing degradation and recycling functions necessary to support neurons' complex operations and long lifespans. However, the regulation of lysosomal degradative capacity in healthy neurons is poorly understood. Here, we investigate the role of HLH-30, the sole Caenorhabditis elegans homolog of Transcription Factor EB (TFEB), a master regulator of lysosome biogenesis and autophagy that is thought to predominantly function in the context of...

The roles of cells in systemic aging have been systematically investigated, while the roles of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and its degradation have been largely overlooked. Herein, we show that the serum contents of elastin-, hyaluronic acid- and fibronectin-derived fragments are all positively correlated with age. Elastin-derived fragments exhibited the most potent lifespan-shortening effects in mice and a positive correlation with various aging indicators in a human cohort (n = 1,068)....

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This study investigates how traumatic brain injury (TBI) alters cortical aging by comparing cortical thickness (CT) and surface area (SA) in 34 brain regions between TBI survivors and age-matched controls. Using a cross-sectional retrospective design, 105 Vietnam Veterans (32 with moderate-to-severe TBI, 73 controls) were analyzed via surface-based morphometry. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) reduced dimensionality, and Multivariate Analysis of Covariance tested group differences while...

Cellular senescence and metabolic impairment occur during aging, with adipose tissue decline playing a key role in this process. Furthermore, the detriments of aging on adipose tissue function are further exacerbated by obesity. Dietary protein restriction (DPR), without reducing calorie intake, protects against age-related metabolic decline and extends lifespan through the metabolic hormone FGF21. Here, we demonstrate that protein restriction significantly decreases pro-oncogenic and...

Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS) is a rare and fatal disorder characterized by premature aging, predominantly resulting from mutations in the LMNA gene, which lead to the accumulation of a truncated and aberrant progerin protein. This paper offers an in-depth review of the fundamental theories, epidemiology, pathological mechanisms, and treatment strategies associated with HGPS as caused by LMNA gene mutations. Furthermore, it examines the current challenges in clinical translation,...

CONCLUSION: Nutritional status is strongly associated with of depression, anxiety, and stress in elderly individuals. Early identification, further assessment, and targeted interventions are crucial for improving mental well-being in this population.

CONCLUSION: Older adults report their recovery from COVID-19 infection but note significant long-term effects on their health and well-being resulting in an increased need for formal and informal supports in the community.

CONCLUSION: Compared with regular intervention grogramme, additional short-foot training militated extra effect on improving static postural stability, mobility, foot muscle strength and morphology in the elderly.

CONCLUSIONS: This study found that multimorbidity significantly reduces HRQoL among older adults in India, with women, individuals of lower socioeconomic status, and those reporting poor self-rated health experiencing the most significant burden. These findings highlight the need for gender-sensitive, equity-focused public health strategies aimed at managing chronic conditions and improving quality of life among the ageing population in India.

CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the study suggests that resuming combined exercise training partially mitigated the detraining-induced impairment in metabolic and physical capacities among older adults.

CONCLUSIONS: The Frailty Screening Scale (FSS) demonstrates good content basis and contextual adaptability as a brief frailty screening tool for community-dwelling older adults in China.It may serve as a complementary tool alongside existing frailty assessment instruments.

CONCLUSIONS: High positive mental health (flourishing) and positive attitudes to aging were significantly associated with better health and illness recovery outcomes among older adults. These findings emphasize the potential value of integrating positive mental health and positive attitudes to aging in clinical assessment and intervention. Further investigation of the biopsychosocial model incorporating positive psychology principles is warranted to elucidate a bio-positive-psychosocial medical...

CONCLUSIONS: During the PHE, simultaneous increase in services use and unmet service needs for some HCBS (e.g. personal care) suggests that temporary PHE measures taken were insufficient to offset the demand for those services. For caregiver respite/support, increased service use and decreased unmet service needs suggests that the temporary PHE measures for caregiver support may have offset a rise in service demand. These findings can inform evaluations of temporary PHE policies for HCBS and...

CONCLUSIONS: We found that cognitive impairment not only directly affects the quality of life of rural older adults with chronic diseases but also indirectly affects them through depressive symptoms and frailty. To improve the quality of life of rural older adults with chronic diseases, we should pay attention to their cognitive impairment. Simultaneously, efforts should focus on alleviating depressive symptoms and frailty in this population. Strengthening the management of chronic diseases is...

CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: POHM provided by hospital dentistry during the acute phase of pneumonia was significantly associated with improved clinical outcomes in older patients. These findings underscore the potential value of integrating hospital-based dental care into the multidisciplinary inpatient management of pneumonia in aging populations.

High-energy and resource-abundant anode-free sodium metal batteries suffer from limited lifespan owing to dendrite growth and rapid capacity fading at early stages, particularly at high rate and high capacity. Here we report a preliminary surface-passivation strategy by highly fluorinated electrolyte, instantly forming a dense inorganic-dominant primitive solid-electrolyte interphase. Driven by dipole-dipole interaction, the spontaneously formed solid-electrolyte interphase is sufficiently dense...

Tardigrades are remarkable in their ability to survive extreme environments. The damage suppressor (Dsup) protein is thought to contribute to their extreme resistance to reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by irradiation. Here we show that expression of Ramazzottius varieornatus Dsup in Saccharomyces cerevisiae reduces oxidative DNA damage and extends lifespan in response to chronic oxidative genotoxicity. Dsup uses multiple modes of engagement with the nucleosomal H2A/H2B acidic patch,...

Engineered gene circuits often degrade due to mutation and selection, limiting their long-term utility. Here we present designs for genetic controllers which maintain synthetic gene expression over time. Using a multi-scale "host-aware" computational framework, which captures interactions between host and circuit expression, mutation, and mutant competition, we evaluate several controller architectures based on three metrics for evolutionary stability: total protein output, duration of stable...

Pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) enhance bone formation to combat osteoporosis, yet the mechanisms by which they promote bone health during aging remain unclear. This study shows PEMFs enhance new bone formation and innervation, promoting osteogenesis and reducing adipogenesis in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in aging male mice. PEMF-induced osteogenesis is impaired by sensory nerve dysfunction in this model. Mechanistically, PEMFs stimulate sensory nerves to secrete semaphorin 3A (Sema3A),...