Aging & Longevity

Aging depends on genetic and environmental factors, but the specific cell types and mechanisms that coordinate aging of the entire organism are not yet fully understood. Glial cells regulate ionic homeostasis, which is essential for neuronal function and survival. Here, we investigated the role of glial ion channel CLH-1, which is a glial pH regulator, in aging. We found that loss of clh-1 extends life span, improves stress resistance, reduces neuronal damage, and extends health span. These...

The photochemical conversion of CO(2) into valuable fuels faces challenges of low efficiency and poor selectivity. Hydrated electrons (e(aq)^(-)), with their extremely negative reduction potential, are promising CO(2)-reducing agents, yet their short lifetime limits selectivity and high-energy-density product formation. Herein, we show that microdroplet interfaces with strong electric fields (10⁹ volts per meter) substantially extend the lifespan of e(aq)^(-) generated from industrial sulfite...

CONCLUSION: Prior incarceration is a social determinant of health for older adults, even those with distant incarceration history, and is strongly associated with current poverty and meeting criteria for disability. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms of these associations and means to mitigate health harms associated with prior incarceration.

As the global trend of population aging intensifies, frailty among the elderly has emerged as a significant public Health concern. This study examines the relationship between physical activity levels and the Frailty Index in older adults, utilizing data from the 2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). The study sample included 10,240 Chinese adults aged ≥ 60 years.Frailty was assessed using the Frailty Index (FI), which was calculated based on the accumulation of...

Living organisms are physical-energetic systems that must obey simple principles guiding energy transformation across physical and temporal scales. The energy resistance principle (ERP) describes behavior and transformation of energy in the carbon-based circuitry of biology. We show how energy resistance (éR) is the fundamental property that enables transformation, converting into useful work the unformed energy potential of food-derived electrons fluxing toward oxygen. Although éR is required...

Impaired autophagy and increased cellular senescence in the aging epididymis may lead to cellular stress, inflammation, and epithelial dysfunction. This reduction in autophagy can be identified using light and electron microscopy, as well as molecular biology techniques. Autophagy, which may be selective or non-selective, is tightly regulated by genes such as LC3 and LAMP-2. Decreased autophagic activity in the epididymis results in reduced sperm quality and male fertility. These findings...

Chrysin (5,7-dihydroxyflavone), a natural flavonoid present in honey, propolis, and various medicinal plants, has shown promise as a calorie restriction mimetic (CRM) through its glycolysis-inhibiting action. This inhibition promotes a metabolic shift toward oxidative phosphorylation and fatty acid oxidation, potentially activating beneficial pathways like AMPK and SIRT1. The mechanism likely involves the downregulation of Hexokinase-2, leading to suppressed glycolysis and promotion of...

Organisms must constantly respond to stress to maintain homeostasis, and the successful implementation of cellular stress responses is directly linked to lifespan regulation. In this Review we examine how three age-associated stressors-loss of proteostasis, oxidative damage and dysregulated nutrient sensing-alter protein synthesis. We describe how these stressors inflict cellular damage via their effects on translation and how translational changes can serve as both sensors and responses to the...

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CONCLUSION: Based on preliminary evidence from this review, lavender may effectively treat sleep disorders, especially in the elderly. However, more research is required to fully understand its effectiveness and safety, especially with long-term use.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an environmental risk factor for dementia and long-term neurological deficits, posing a significant public health challenge. TBI-induced neuroinflammation involves both brain-resident microglia and peripheral monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs). Previous research has shown that MDMs contribute to the development of long-term memory deficits, yet their long-term behavior following brain infiltration remains unclear. To address this, our study uses two complementary...

Sarcopenia, a degenerative condition marked by progressive skeletal muscle atrophy and impaired regeneration, is closely associated with aging, chronic inflammation, and disrupted proteostasis. While macroautophagy has been extensively studied in this context, little of the role of chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) has been known. In this study, we identified C1q/TNF-related protein 9 (CTRP9) as a novel autocrine myokine secreted by skeletal muscle that exerts dual protective...

Aging is characterized by the progressive deterioration of tissue structure and function, leading to increased vulnerability to diseases. Senescent cells (SCs) accumulate with age, but how the immune system regulates their burden is unclear. Here we show that CD4 T cells differentiate into Eomesodermin (Eomes)^(+)CCL5^(+) T lymphocytes (CD4-Eomes) in a SC-rich environment and that a reduction in the SC load, achieved using senolytic drugs, was sufficient to halt this differentiation. We further...

Reduced counterfactual ("What-If") thinking (CFT) in late life is believed to reflect successful adaptation to limited resources for overcoming missed opportunities, thereby preventing feelings of regret. We propose that this adaptation becomes critical from midlife onwards, affects emotional regulation, and is mediated by the preserved functionality of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC). To test this, an epidemiological sample from the Hamburg City Health Study (N = 494), aged 48 to 75,...

CONCLUSIONS: Our work reveals how tissue, sex, and age jointly govern the dynamics of the two cytosine modifications, augments the scope of DNA modification biomarker discovery, and provides a reference atlas to explore epigenetic dynamics in development and disease.

CONCLUSIONS: The PND was significantly associated with postoperative proBDNF and mBDNF.

CONCLUSIONS: The coexistence of diabetes and sarcopenic obesity synergistically increases cardiovascular disease risk beyond the effects of either condition alone in Chinese adults. These findings highlight the importance of comprehensive screening and integrated management strategies for individuals with both conditions to prevent cardiovascular complications.

CONCLUSIONS: Trying to delineate the unique molecular profile of older women and men becomes essential for understanding the mechanisms underlying the sex-frailty paradox. Further research on sex-specific determinants is required to enhance our understanding of aging and develop effective strategies to promote health and longevity in both sexes.

Autobiographical memory is essential for older adults, providing a foundation for self-identity. Although healthy aging is accompanied by changes in memory retrieval, musical memory remains relatively unaffected, suggesting music may serve as a cue for autobiographical memory recall. Autobiographically salient (ABS) music (i.e., deeply encoded songs associated with significant people, places, and events) is posited to engage distinct memory processes from familiar (FAM) music (i.e., songs that...

Single-cell multiomic technologies enable the joint analysis of different modalities, but face challenges due to experimental complexity. Current computational methods for single-cell cross-modality translation lack biological interpretability. Here, we present Cisformer, a cross-attention-based generative model tailored for cross-modality generation between gene expression and chromatin accessibility at single-cell resolution. Systematic benchmarking demonstrates the superior accuracy and...