Aging & Longevity

Aging is a multifaceted process where physiological metrics, such as brain age and muscle age (MA), provide deeper insights than chronological age alone. These nonlinear trajectories are heavily influenced by exogenous factors like lifestyle and nutrition. In older populations, muscle age acceleration (MAA) critically impacts functional autonomy and cognitive health, necessitating research into its link with brain network organization to refine assessments and, based on these, integrated motor...

A key question in human neuroscience is to understand how individual differences in brain function relate to cognitive differences. However, the optimal condition of brain function to study between-person differences in cognition remains unclear. While many studies have developed objective biomarkers to accurately predict intelligence and general cognition, consensus on domain-specific markers has not yet emerged. Brain age has been proposed as a potential candidate, but recent research suggests...

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of irreversible visual impairment in the aging population globally. Although genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified many AMD susceptibility loci, the genes and mechanisms underlying many of these associations remain unresolved. Here, we integrated expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) data with AMD GWAS to prioritize nine putative genes. Through in vivo screening in zebrafish, we demonstrated that the downregulation...

The Tabula Sapiens is a reference human cell atlas containing single-cell transcriptomic data from more than two dozen organs and tissues. Here, we report Tabula Sapiens 2.0, which includes data from nine new donors, doubles the number of cells, and adds four new tissues. These new data include four donors with multiple organs contributed, thus providing a unique dataset in which genetic background, age, and epigenetic effects are controlled for. We illustrate applications of the Tabula Sapiens...

Life satisfaction is a key component of successful aging. This study investigated the correlates of life satisfaction in a sample of 127 older adults (M(age) = 73.1 years, SD = 5.4) from Sardinia, an Italian island known for successful aging. Participants were assessed for global cognitive efficiency, perceived health, lifestyle habits, life satisfaction, and specific cognitive functions using the digital screening tool DIGICOG-MS. After controlling for age, education, and global cognitive...

CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that aging induces changes in coordination modes during stair ascent in middle-aged and older adults, and that the effects of aging on dynamic stability, coordination variability, and muscle function are more pronounced in older adults. This study was limited by its age range and cross-sectional design; therefore, the generalizability of the results to older adults of advanced age and their relationship with fall risk require further verification.

Declining aerodigestive neuromotor function is a major aspect of human aging, with impaired airway defense and swallow manoeuvres implicated in pneumonia and dysphagia. Hypoglossal motor neurons (MNs) innervate tongue muscles, essential for these behaviours. Their degeneration contributes to age-related aerodigestive dysfunctions. In neurodegenerative diseases, the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is altered, disturbing mitochondrial proteostasis. We have previously shown reduced mitochondrial...

Age-related decline in muscle health is commonly defined using cut-offs for strength, muscle quantity or quality, and physical performance. These measures are essential for diagnosis, but prevention and recovery require an understanding of how muscle responds to stress over time. A central question is when recovery remains possible and why older adults with similar clinical measurements follow different trajectories. Clinical cohorts, animal studies and static cell models each address part of...

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CONCLUSION: Iron deposition in the PUT exhibits the most significant age dependence; the correlation of iron deposition among nuclei may indicate that specific nuclei share the same iron deposition patterns or are involved in the same pathological mechanisms.

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CONCLUSION: A first fall report marked a period of accumulating physiological, psychological, and functional vulnerability in both cohorts. Because time zero was a survey report wave rather than the exact fall date, these event-aligned associations do not isolate acute causal effects. Nevertheless, a first fall report may provide a useful trigger for comprehensive assessment and sustained functional support.

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Cellular senescence, a hallmark of aging, entails the irreversible cessation of cell division in response to intrinsic and extrinsic stressors. Though metabolically active, senescent cells lose their replicative capacity and resist apoptotic signals, accumulating tissues with advancing age and contributing to age-related pathologies. Senescence is characterized by the acquisition of a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), releasing a myriad of bioactive molecules. SASP not only...

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Naturally aged mice provide an important platform for studying frailty because functional decline emerges during biological aging rather than through acute injury or artificial manipulation. This review critically examines major frailty assessment tools used in aged mice, including the mouse frailty index, mouse frailty phenotype, physical function score/vitality score, mouse social frailty index, and mouse cognitive frailty index. We compare their conceptual foundations, scoring procedures,...

Aged skeletal muscle is impaired at every phase of post-injury repair that has been examined, with myeloid recruitment delayed and skewed in composition, debris degradation lagging behind uptake, and muscle stem cell (MuSC) activation following a conserved trajectory at delayed kinetics. Deficits inside a phase may be differences of degree that a longer window absorbs, whereas the transition between phases offers no comparable slack. Each transition is triggered by a defined switch in signal,...

To enable widespread adoption of electric vehicles, positive-electrode materials must fulfill high energy, long-term stability, and earth-abundant composition within large-format architectures. Lithium-manganese-rich layered oxides show promise through high energy enabled by oxygen redox chemistry and abundant manganese content while minimizing cobalt content. However, oxygen redox irreversibility and gas evolution present challenges in its adoption to large-format cells. Here, we reveal how...

The structural integrity of layered VOPO(4) frameworks critically determines their electrochemical performance in aqueous zinc-ion batteries, yet the highly ordered stacking of VOPO(4) renders it susceptible to lattice stress accumulation and chemo-mechanical degradation during cycling, causing rapid capacity fading and a shortened battery lifespan. Herein, we show a strategy to alleviate these limitations through partial metal substitution in the VOPO(4) lattice, enabling the modulation of...

Navigating uneven terrain poses a significant challenge for older adults, often resulting in falls. Identifying the neural correlates of walking on uneven terrain might help understand the mechanisms of age-related mobility decline. We examined age and physical function group differences in white matter microstructure and tested whether associations between white matter measures and uneven-terrain walking behavior differed between these groups. Twenty-two young adults (22.45 ± 2.58 years) and 86...