Aging & Longevity

Aging reshapes the architecture of human skeletal muscle, yet objective tissue-level markers that capture this process remain limited. We combined large-scale histology with deep learning to identify reproducible features of muscle aging and to test their biological relevance. We analyzed 974 hematoxylin-eosin whole-slide images from a population resource using a dual-attention convolutional neural network and an independent Mask R-CNN model to quantify nuclear size and density, verified by...

Aging is the primary risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases, characterized by a progressive decline in cellular homeostasis. Central to this process is the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), a convergent integrator regulator of metabolism that integrates nutrient sensing with cellular growth. While essential for development, chronic mTORC1 hyperactivity, termed mTORopathy, emerges during aging, driving a deleterious cycle of mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation, and...

CONCLUSIONS: These findings highlight severe frailty as a late high-risk state and may inform age- and sex-specific frailty risk stratification and care planning.

Increasing experimental and clinical evidence indicates activation of cellular programs resembling senescence and senescence-associated secretory phenotype signaling after stroke. However, a central challenge is definitional: in injured brain tissue, many senescence-associated features overlap with acute stress responses, transient cell-cycle perturbations, and reactive glial or vascular programs, complicating interpretation across models, time points, and cell types. Here, we synthesize the...

Aging is accompanied by the accumulation of senescent cells and chronic low-grade inflammation, which together contribute to functional decline and tissue remodeling across organs. We previously reported that long-term nacre extract supplementation can delay age-related deterioration when initiated early; however, whether it can provide benefit under post-onset intervention conditions remains unclear. Here, we evaluated a water-soluble nacre extract derived from Pinctada fucata using (i)...

CONCLUSIONS: The study findings showed a low level of awareness of the concept of active ageing among older adults in a tertiary care clinic in Saudi Arabia. Greater awareness of active ageing was positively associated with better quality of life among older adults, despite limited familiarity with the concept. These findings highlight the importance of integrating active ageing education into healthcare services and public health initiatives to support healthier and more fulfilling ageing...

Maternal sleep deprivation (MSD) is a common but usually unnoticed issue during pregnancy, and in recent years, it has been increasingly recognised as an important prenatal stressor that may adversely influence maternal physiology, placental function, and fetal neurodevelopment. Sleep disturbances during pregnancy, including reduced sleep duration, fragmented sleep, poor sleep quality, circadian disruption, and rapid eye movement sleep restriction, have been associated with altered...

CONCLUSIONS: CT-based body composition changes, atrophy of thigh muscles in particular, are associated with loss of muscle strength and physical performance.

Advances in our understanding of the biology of skeletal muscle ageing are being made at pace, with great potential for these findings to inform the identification of novel treatments for sarcopenia. However, translation of findings from animal models to humans has been hampered by limitations of existing human muscle biopsy studies. Devised to directly address this challenge, the Muscle Ageing and Sarcopenia Study (MASS) Lifecourse is a novel resource for the study of human muscle ageing. This...

Introduction Physical and cognitive impairment constitute large burdens of disease in older adults, but may be preventable through reduction of modifiable risk factors. While chronic stress has been linked to cognitive and physical function separately, few studies have accounted for combined decline. This study assessed associations between exposure to stressful life events (SLEs) and cognitive decline, physical decline, and combined physical and cognitive decline. Methods Data were taken from...

Although its evolutionary origins remain poorly understood, sleep is a highly conserved physiological process crucial to animal life and widely recognized as a major determinant of human healthspan. Sleep disturbances are a major public health concern, particularly among older adults, contributing to impaired cognitive function, chronic disease risk, and reduced quality of life. Age-related sleep disturbances are associated with epigenetic changes, especially altered DNA methylation patterns...

Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCCs) frequently result from oncogenic human papilloma virus (HPV) infections (HPV-OPSCC). The mechanisms underlying effective immune escape, despite abundant viral antigens, are incompletely understood. Here, we performed single-cell spatial gene expression profiling of HPV-OPSCC to characterize cellular organization and mechanisms of immune resistance. We describe distinct tumor-parenchymal immune foci that differ in cytokine expression, spatial...

Oogenesis requires complex interactions between germline and somatic cell types in the ovary. How did these cell types and their signaling interactions evolve? Here we use the sea star Patiria miniata as a non-chordate deuterostome representative to define the ovarian cell type toolkit in echinoderms. Sea stars continuously produce millions of new oocytes throughout their lifespan, making them a practical system to understand the mechanisms that drive oogenesis from a biomedical and evolutionary...

CONCLUSIONS: When integrating DASSCF into SHF, WT should be as supportive as possible without being too intrusive, allowing older adults to feel strengthened while ensuring their safety and independence.

CONCLUSION: Frailty or pre-frailty increases odds of AF recurrence or persistence at two years, underscoring the potential role of biological aging in influencing the course of AF over time. AF recurrence or persistence was associated with greater hazards of major bleeding, even after adjustment for key clinical factors, suggesting residual risk not captured by measured covariates.

CONCLUSION: An increase in age comes with an increase in care management demands, with concerns affecting the management and strategies adopted in coping with care for older adults. Since the Nigerian society does not support institutionalized homes for older adults, we recommend the utilization of social workers' services in family settings, through providing appropriate care management strategies and services for older adults and their family caregivers.

CONCLUSION: Aging policies must move beyond traditional assumptions of filial support, as empirical evidence uncovers that broader informal ties-particularly instrumental networks-now exert a stronger relative impact on well-being than traditional family care. Furthermore, HCBS is not a one-size-fits-all solution; its benefits are geographically masked, primarily accruing to rural and functionally capable elders. The interplay between formal and informal care features emotional synergy and...

CONCLUSIONS: This study challenges the prevailing assumption that the "digital divide inevitably isolates the older adults from participating in a digitized society." By integrating digital technologies into older adults care services, we demonstrate that smart elderly care is positively associated with bridging technological barriers and addressing the unmet needs of aging populations. These findings further propose a synergistic mechanism-policy innovation, technological adaptation, and...

CONCLUSIONS: Multidomain predictors spanning objective movement behaviours, body-composition indicators, and built-environment measures showed value for identifying education-stratified MoCA-defined MCI in community-dwelling older adults. LightGBM achieved the best overall performance among the candidate models. These findings support the potential utility of integrating behavioural, biological, and environmental information for community-based cognitive-risk stratification, although external...

CONCLUSION: Operational definitions of multimorbidity substantially influence prevalence estimates, while associations with mortality appear more robust across count-based approaches. Clustering analyses provide complementary insights into heterogeneity within multimorbid populations. Future translational studies are warranted to determine how multimorbidity definitions can be optimized to ultimately improve clinical management and health outcomes in practice.