Aging & Longevity

Immunosenescence, the progressive aging of the immune system, is characterized by changes in immune cell composition and function that increase susceptibility to disease. However, how biological sex shapes immune aging at the cellular level remains poorly understood. Here, we analyze single-cell RNA sequencing data from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 982 female and male donors across adulthood. We find that aging drives sexually dimorphic compositional and transcriptional changes,...

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Several chemotherapeutics induce cancer cells to senescence, a persistent growth-arrest state associated with poor cancer prognosis. Relevant features in cancer cell biology, such as phenotypic plasticity and intercellular variability, are poorly understood for senescent cells (SnCs). This study examined the morphofunctional heterogeneity and dynamics of glioblastoma cells induced to senescence by Temozolomide (TMZ), focusing on pro-survival mechanisms, including autophagy and anti-apoptotic...

Changing family structures, nuclearization and urbanization are reshaping the socialization and support networks of older adults. Smaller families and migration reduce direct care and engagement opportunities, impacting health and functional ability in the growing aging population. The study explored social networks and perceived social support for older adults in rural and urban Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, through 33 in-depth interviews (22 older adults and 11 caregivers). Using the Convoy Model...

CONCLUSIONS: Integrated community-based rehabilitation programs that combine physical activity with intentional social participation, when delivered alongside existing formal lifelong learning programs, offer multidimensional benefits for older adults and may promote more inclusive and participatory approaches to aging.

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is crucial in building the extracellular environment and translating extracellular information into biochemical signals that sustain tissue functions. Fibulin-5 (Fbln5) is a multifunctional ECM protein essential for forming elastic fibers and regulating cellular functions by binding to integrins. Although fibulin-5 expression decreases with age in human skin, its functional implications, particularly in epidermal stem cell regulation, remain largely unexplored....

Salidroside, a phenolic compound derived from Rhodiola rosea L., has been widely utilized in cosmetics and medicine for its anti-melanogenic properties. However, its role in collagen regeneration during skin aging remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of salidroside on collagen synthesis and explored its underlying mechanisms in a murine model of skin aging. Administering salidroside (20, 40, and 80 mg/kg) orally for 28 days significantly increased dermal thickness,...

To investigate the protective effects of Nvshi Oral Liquid on skin aging and oxidative stress in 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide (VCD)-induced menopausal rats and Ultraviolet B (UVB)-irradiated HaCaT cells. VCD-induced menopausal rats and UVB-damaged HaCaT cells under low-estrogen conditions were established. Nvshi Oral Liquid was administered at low (2%), medium (6%), and high (10%) concentrations. Cell viability, Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) levels, antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase...

CONCLUSIONS: DART provides a novel solution to AE reporting challenges faced by aging and serious illness researchers. While its design centers on seriously ill older adults, DART can likely be applied to research in any population and intervention type not regulated by the FDA. Future pilot testing will inform implementation.

BACKGROUND: Healthy aging is a key public health priority in Hong Kong. The Healthy Aging Questionnaire, originally developed and validated in Singapore for older adults, is a concise tool for assessing multiple dimensions of healthy aging.

CONCLUSION: Psychiatric comorbidity is associated with earlier AD onset and reduced lifespan; however, post-diagnosis survival appears to be largely determined by AD progression itself.

Human aging is marked by a steady rise in the risk of dying with age-a process demographers call senescence. Over the past century, life expectancy has risen dramatically, but is this because we are aging slower, or simply starting it later? Vaupel hypothesizes that the pace at which individuals age may be constant, with gains in longevity coming from the delayed onset of senescence rather than its slowing down. We test this idea using a framework that decomposes the pace of senescence into...

At the blood-tissue interface, vasculature luminal surface is critical for molecular transport, signaling transduction, and cell extravasation. Here, we present a method for proteomic profiling of the vasculature luminal surface in vivo, broadly applicable to any vertebrate. Quantitative mass spectrometry revealed the luminal surface proteome of the mouse brain vasculature and its temporal evolution from development to aging. In vivo genetic perturbation found that the arginine transporter...

Hand grip strength (HGS) is a predictor of cognitive decline in aging. To understand the direct and indirect mechanisms underlying this association, we performed integrative analyses of genetic, cognitive, and autopsy data. A polygenic risk score for HGS (PRS(HGS)) was calculated in two independent studies of aging (total n = 25,227). Cross-sectional and longitudinal modeling, including mediation with physical activity, assessed the effects of PRS(HGS) on cognitive performance and postmortem...

Pupillary dynamics are known to depend on tonic and phasic activity of the brainstem locus coeruleus (LC), a key neuromodulatory nucleus. The LC shows a decline in its structural integrity in older age that likely impacts long-term memory. While several studies have explored the link between pupil dilation and successful memory encoding, little is known about the effects of aging on this relationship. This study investigated pupil dynamics in young and older adults during a rapid categorization...

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an escalating public health concern in low- and middle-income countries like Pakistan, with rising prevalence among the aging population. While global research has increasingly addressed the psychological dimensions of AD, Pakistan's contribution remains limited. This systematic review, conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines, examines the scope and focus of psychological research on AD in Pakistan. Eleven empirical studies published between 2014 and 2025 were...

Degenerative musculoskeletal diseases (DMDs), including osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, sarcopenia, and intervertebral disc degeneration, are highly prevalent age-related conditions characterized by progressive tissue dysfunction and loss of musculoskeletal integrity. Aging is accompanied by profound alterations in organelle homeostasis, metabolic signaling, and stress adaptation, among which mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum communication has emerged as a critical regulatory axis....

The aging brain is highly vulnerable to oxidative genomic damage, the accumulation of which is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The base excision repair (BER) pathway, initiated by DNA glycosylases, serves as the primary guardian against such damage. This review synthesizes recent evidence revealing the dual and dynamic roles of key DNA glycosylases including OGG1, MUTYH, MPG, and members of the NEIL family in AD pathogenesis. Beyond canonical repair functions, these enzymes actively...

CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Maintaining good physical function in older adults is associated with increased life expectancy free of MCI or dementia, and may extend life without dementia in persons with MCI. These findings underscore the importance of promoting active aging to mitigate the burden of cognitive decline.

Dual-specificity phosphatase 5 (DUSP5) is a key regulator of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, with established roles in various types of cancer. However, its function in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains unclear. This study combines single-cell transcriptomics with in vitro and in vivo models to investigate the role of DUSP5 in ESCC. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed tumor-infiltrating myeloid populations, including apolipoprotein C-positive (APOC⁺)...