Aging & Longevity

Aging and related diseases account for ⁓70 % of global mortality with declining physiological homeostasis and cognitive function increasing susceptibility to neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Treatment is hampered by imprecise diagnostics and limited therapeutic options. Precision medicine involving artificial intelligence (AI)-powered Aging Digital Twin (ADT) technology which integrates multi-source heterogeneous data via advanced AI and deep learning has great...

CONCLUSION: Lipoprotein metabolism plays a central role in determining healthspan and longevity. Understanding the cross-species diversity and regulatory mechanisms of lipid transport provides critical insights into aging biology. Advances in pharmacology, nutrition, and genetic technology offer promising tools to modulate lipoprotein profiles and promote healthy aging in humans.

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Lithospheric thin zones, such as recently failed rifts, are generally assumed to be weak spots where magmatism and deformation can concentrate during rifting and large igneous province development^(1-3). Yet, the Turkana Depression in East Africa, the site of the failed 66-million-year-old Anza Rift, did not experience the widespread flood magmatism seen on the adjacent Ethiopian Plateau, despite being a lithospheric thin spot when the region encountered hot plume material around 45 million...

Dementia is increasing globally, expected to affect 153 million people by 2050. Dance is an emerging non-pharmacological evidence-based intervention, that integrates artistic, aesthetic, and physical exercise domains. This umbrella review synthesizes evidence on the effects of dance on brain health in older adults with mild-cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia. Systematic reviews and meta-analysis were selected according to the PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparison and Outcome): older...

Vaccine responses decline with age, yet the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Using an aluminum hydroxide (Alum)-adjuvanted spike (S+Alum) vaccine, this study identifies an aging-linked pathway in which senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) cytokines (C-C motif chemokine ligand 2, interleukin [IL]-6, and interferon-γ) at the injection site are upregulated and associate with increased histocompatibility 2, T region locus 23 (H2-T23; Qa-1^(b)) expression on monocytes. These...

Polysulfide-based redox flow batteries are promising for long-duration energy storage, owing to ultralow-cost/earth-abundant active materials and full decoupling of power and energy. However, their practical application has been prevented by poor cycle life resulting from polysulfide crossover and a heavy reliance on costly fluorinated membranes (Nafion 117, USD $800 to $3500 per square meter), along with the environmental concerns. Here, we develop a nonfluorinated sulfonated polyethersulfone...

Bioelectronic devices implanted on peripheral nerves offer potential for the treatment and rehabilitation of clinical diseases. However, the foreign body reaction and the subsequent fibrous capsule formation at the device-peripheral nerve interface severely limit their efficacy and longevity in vivo. Here, we describe a robust bioadhesive strategy that can establish nonfibrotic bioelectronic interfaces on diverse peripheral nerves-occipital, vagus, deep peroneal, sciatic, tibial, and common...

CONCLUSIONS: It may be beneficial to find ways to help such individuals feel included in society.

Impaired wound healing in aged and diabetic wounds involves complex cellular dysregulation that hinders tissue repair. Using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and validation techniques, we investigated impaired wound healing to identify whether there were significant changes linked to each condition. Comparative mucosal wound analysis revealed distinct differences between diabetic and normoglycemic (NG)-aged mice, which had an impact on connective tissue formation and epithelial closure....

Motor learning refers to a set of processes associated with practice and experience that are essential for acquiring new skills and adapting behavior throughout the lifespan. Mastery of motor skills plays a crucial role in maintaining autonomy and quality of life, particularly in aging populations. This learning process relies on internal neural mechanisms that lead to enduring changes in movement capability, yet the underlying functional and anatomical adaptations in sensorimotor circuits...

CONCLUSION: Both sensory and cognitive-affective dimensions of pain, along with pain chronicity, are independently associated with postural stability impairments in older adults. These findings support the integration of multidimensional pain assessments in clinical balance evaluations.

Senescence has been demonstrated to either inhibit or promote tumorigenesis. Resolving this paradox requires spatial mapping and functional characterization of senescent cells in the native tumor niche. Here, we identify p16^(Ink4a)+ cancer-associated fibroblasts enriched with senescent phenotypes that promote fatty acid uptake and utilization by aggressive lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) driven by Kras and p53 mutations. Furthermore, rewiring of lung cancer metabolism by p16^(Ink4a)+...

To meet the challenge of wintering in place, many high-latitude small mammals reduce energy demands through hibernation. In contrast, short-lived Eurasian common shrews, Sorex araneus, remain active and shrink, including energy-intensive organs in winter, regrowing in spring in an evolved strategy called Dehnel's phenomenon. How this size change is linked to metabolic and regulatory changes to sustain their high metabolism is unknown. We analyzed metabolic, proteomic, and gene expression...

Multimorbidity is projected to continue increasing in England and many other countries. Here, we use a validated microsimulation model to quantify the potential impact of improving exposure levels of eight risk factors on the burden of major illness among adults aged 30+ in England between 2023-2043. We find that the biggest contributors to incident major illness are body mass index, smoking, systolic blood pressure, and physical inactivity. Theoretical minimum risk exposure levels of all risk...

Symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF) in legume-rhizobia represents a sustainable and eco-friendly alternative to chemical nitrogen fertilizers in agriculture. Identifying key factors involved in nodule senescence, is crucial for enhancing SNF by effectively extending the lifespan of nodules. Here, we reveal that sulfur (S), an essential element for SNF, plays a major regulatory role in the senescence of soybean (Glycine max) nodules. Blocking S input into the symbiosome by knocking out either S...

Chromosome mis-segregation during meiosis in oocytes causes miscarriages and congenital diseases. Ageing-associated premature chromosome separation is a major cause of mis-segregation. Effective prevention of premature chromosome separation has not yet been achieved. Here we design protein-based artificial kinetochores that act as decoys to prevent premature chromosome separation. Designed artificial kinetochore-like decoys are submicroscale clusters of NDC80-NUF2-tethered protein particles that...

Across species, a major axis of variation in social behaviour relates to how offspring are reared. Parental care behaviours have independently evolved in hundreds of animal lineages. Care is usually limited to one or both parents, but in some lineages parenting is a highly cooperative endeavour. In social insects, for example, entire societies have evolved around parenting, complete with distinct adult morphs that specialize in reproduction, nursing, foraging and defence. Recent advances in omic...

Aging is associated with increased breast cancer risk, and the oldest and youngest patients have worse outcomes, irrespective of subtype. It is unknown how age affects cells in the breast tumor microenvironment or how they contribute to age-related pathology. Here we discover age-associated differences in cell states in human estrogen receptor-positive and triple-negative breast cancers using analyses of existing bulk and single-cell transcriptomic data. We generate and apply an Age-Specific...

Most cancers are diagnosed in people over 60 years of age, but little is known about how age impacts tumorigenesis. While aging is accompanied by mutation accumulation (widely understood to contribute to cancer risk) it is associated with numerous other cellular and molecular changes likely to impact tumorigenesis. Moreover, cancer incidence decreases in the oldest part of the population, suggesting that very old age may reduce carcinogenesis. Here we show that aging represses oncogenic...