Aging & Longevity

China’s rapidly aging population and evolving socio-economic landscape, particularly shifting gender roles, are reshaping traditional caregiving dynamics. However, limited research has examined the associations between caregiver gender and the functional and psychological health of older parents, particularly in the context of gender matching between caregivers and care recipients. This study addresses this gap by utilizing four waves of CLHLS data, employing a Logit model for estimation, and...

The significance of DNA hydroxymethylation in replicative senescence of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and aging-related osteoporosis remains unknown. Here, we reveal 5hmC levels positively regulate MSC self-renewal and osteoblast differentiation. Mechanistically, PARP1 recruits TET1 to hydrolyze methylated nucleotides on DNMT1 exons, aiding CTCF in preventing DNMT1 alternative splicing in early MSCs. Additionally, ATM phosphorylates TRIM37 at Th203, promoting its nuclear entry and the...

Epigenetic Clocks have been trained to predict chronological age, healthspan and lifespan. Such clocks are often analysed in relation to disease outcomes - typically using small datasets and a limited number of clocks. Here, we present a large-scale (n = 18,859), unbiased comparison of 14 widely used clocks as predictors of 174 incident disease outcomes and all-cause mortality over 10-years of follow up. Second- and third-generation clocks significantly outperform first-generation clocks, which...

The central nervous system, comprised of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves, includes the autonomic nervous system (ANS) that regulates involuntary functions. Within the ANS, the sympathetic and the parasympathetic nervous systems (SNS and PNS, respectively) control the same bodily functions, but in opposing directions. For example, the sympathetic nervous system elicits our "fight or flight" response, while the parasympathetic system supports "rest and repair" mechanisms in the broadest...

N6-methyladenosine (m⁶A) is the most prevalent RNA modification and plays diverse roles in mammalian cells. However, its significance in human trophoblast lineage commitment and placenta development remains poorly understood. Here we show that METTL3, the primary enzyme responsible for m⁶A depositions, specifically marks cytotrophoblasts in human placenta, and exhibits defective expression in cytotrophoblasts from preeclampsia patients. Through in-depth in vitro investigation, we identify...

Battery health often evolves from an initial regime of slow capacity decay to a fast decay regime, due to catastrophic electrochemical reactions to cause the battery failure. The signals of such failure, however, often emerge much earlier during cycling, an early detection of which may help prevent the failure through real-time adjustment of cycling procedures. Here we demonstrate the integration of machine learning module directly into electrochemical battery test stations to constantly detect...

Senescent cells, characterized by a state of irreversible proliferative arrest and inflammatory profile, have emerged as drivers of age-related decline. Growing evidence suggests that alterations in mitochondrial function and morphology play a key role in the induction and maintenance of senescence, as well as in promotion of the proinflammatory senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). In this review, we seek to survey the relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and senescence,...

Single-cell multiomics provides critical insights into how disease-associated variants identified through genome-wide association studies (GWASs) influence transcription factor eRegulons within a specific cellular context; however, the regulatory roles of genetic variants in aging and disease remain unclear. Here, we present scMORE, a method that integrates single-cell transcriptomes and chromatin accessibility with GWAS summary statistics to identify cell-type-specific eRegulons associated with...

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CONCLUSIONS: Cumulative risks during the COVID-19 pandemic escalated, with pandemic responses such as lockdowns increasing the adverse effects of social isolation and loneliness on positive affect of very old adults. Our pooled-multi-sample design allows a quantitative investigation of an understudied population, offering researchers new insights and an empirical strategy to utilize.

CONCLUSIONS: Incident diabetes was associated with accelerated progression of frailty in older adults, particularly in the domain of instrumental activities of daily living. Regular functional assessments and targeted interventions following diabetes diagnosis was important, especially for high-risk subgroups including the oldest-old, unmarried individuals, and those with lower BMI.

Brain aging can cause cognitive and motor disabilities which often correlate with changes in dendritic branch, axon collateral, and synapse numbers. However, from invertebrates to mammals, age-related decline is typically restricted to specific neuron types or brain parts, indicating differential vulnerability. The rules to pinpoint the susceptibility of distinct brain elements to aging remain largely unknown. Here, we combine longitudinal studies with neuroanatomical, electrophysiological, and...

Ziziphus jujuba Mill. (ZJ) is a traditional medicinal plant known for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties, yet its role in learning and cognitive regulation remains insufficiently explored. Huang Jing (Polygonatum sibiricum), a Qi- and Yin-tonifying herb in Traditional Chinese Medicine, has historically been used to combat fatigue, support brain function, delay aging, and regulate metabolic balance. In this study, we evaluated the neuroprotective and antioxidant...

CONCLUSION: Cardiometabolic risk factors play a significant role in late-life cognitive decline and death among older Indians. These longitudinal relationships from LASI-DAD highlight potentially modifiable risk factors and inform potential prevention policies.

CONCLUSIONS: Higher prevalence of clinically relevant depression in certain groups and increased risk possibly reflect unfavorable socioeconomic changes that occurred for the elderly population in Poland in the analyzed period.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming geriatric healthcare by improving early disease detection, optimizing patient management, and enhancing clinical decision-making. AI-driven tools, including machine learning (ML) algorithms, predictive analytics, and assistive robotics, are increasingly utilized to address challenges associated with aging, such as frailty, multimorbidity, polypharmacy, and fall prevention. These technologies can facilitate personalized medicine, improve diagnostic...

This scoping review provides key trends in the use of the Delphi method applied to geriatrics and gerontology research, and documents key information that can be used in the planning of future Delphi studies, like recruitment rates, number of Delphi rounds and panelists, attrition, consensus definitions, and stakeholders engaged.

Worldwide, the population is aging. Most older adults would prefer not to move from their current residence; however, there are human resource challenges in home care service provision. Smart home technology has evolved over the past decades and could provide an adjunct to home care and potentially delay moving to a higher level of care. This paper provides an overview of supportive smart home technology, which expands smart home technology to enable feedback and action based on daily...

CONCLUSION: Twelve weeks of ST, but not PT, significantly increased circulating sαKL levels in pre-frail older adults. Given the beneficial health effects of increased sαKL, these findings suggest that ST may offer additional biological advantages relevant to healthy aging. sαKL may serve as a promising biomarker for training-induced adaptions, but prospective trials are needed to confirm long-term effects and further clarify underlying mechanisms.

Multimorbidity elevates late-life mortality, yet existing tools remain complex. Using two nationally representative Chinese cohorts-the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity and Happiness Family Study (CLHLS-HF; n = 8675) and the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS, n = 4171)-we developed and externally validated a simplified, time-dependent, interpretable survival model. A four-stage feature-selection pipeline (univariate Cox, L1-penalized Cox, multi-model importance with...