Aging & Longevity

Previous studies had confirmed an association between Body Roundness Index (BRI) and stroke, but it remains unclear whether this association holds across different countries and populations. This study aimed to investigate the association between BRI and stroke across different national cohorts. Data were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2005 to 2018 and the English Longitudinal Study of Aging (ELSA) from 2012 to 2013, and multifactorial logistic...

Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) represents a major challenge in liver transplantation, driving acute dysfunction and contributing to long-term allograft rejection. This process triggers a robust inflammatory response, leading to hepatocyte damage, senescence, and impaired liver regeneration. While the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood, increasing evidence highlights macrophage-derived signaling as a pivotal driver of hepatocyte fate during IRI. Here, we identify iRhom2 as a...

The North Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) ventilates a large part of the world ocean via the formation of mode waters and North Atlantic Deep Water. The extent to which human activities have impacted this ventilation system remains unclear. To assess the temporal variations of ocean ventilation in the North Atlantic, we calculated the "age" of seawater, that is, the duration since its last contact with the ocean surface, from both observed and simulated chlorofluorocarbon-12...

Changes in cell state are often accompanied by altered metabolic demands, and homeostasis depends on cells adapting to their changing needs. One major cell state change is senescence, which is associated with dramatic changes in cell metabolism, including increases in lipid metabolism, but how cells accommodate such alterations is poorly understood. Here we show that the transcription factor p53 increases recycling of the lipid headgroups required to meet the increased demand for membrane...

Expansions and contractions of tandem DNA repeats generate genetic variation in human populations and in human tissues. Some expanded repeats cause inherited disorders and some are also somatically unstable^(1,2). Here we analysed DNA sequencing data from over 900,000 participants in the UK Biobank and the All of Us Research Program using computational approaches to recognize, measure and learn from DNA-repeat instability. Repeats at different loci exhibited widely variable tissue-specific...

Decreased cross-presentation by antigen-presenting cells induces the scarcity of tumour-reactive T cells within the tumour bed, rendering in situ T cell rejuvenation through immunogenicity reprogramming highly desirable yet challenging^(1-3). Here we developed an intratumoural vaccination chimera (iVAC) to reprogram tumour cells into an antigen-presenting state (APC-like tumour cells) with restored anti-tumour immunity. The iVAC chimeras consist of a covalently engineered PD-L1 degrader...

Systemic inflammation following ischemic stroke is driven by a complex interplay among pro-inflammatory cytokines, immune cell activation, and neurovascular dysfunction. Both aging and obesity significantly amplify this inflammatory response, exacerbating stroke severity and impeding recovery. Aging induces a chronic low-grade inflammatory state-referred to as inflammaging-that heightens vulnerability to stroke-induced brain injury. Similarly, obesity promotes a persistent pro-inflammatory...

CONCLUSION: The findings demonstrate a significant association between physical frailty and cognitive impairment among older adults in Bangladesh, emphasizing the role of social determinants in shaping these outcomes. The results highlight the need for targeted interventions and policy strategies addressing these determinants to promote healthy aging and mitigate cognitive decline in this population.

Locomotion in animals depends on muscle activity, controlled by the central nervous system. The neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) are specialized synapses pivotal in neural control of muscle function. Declining muscle function is a characteristic of aging (sarcopenia), and gradual loss of NMJ function could contribute to sarcopenia. The NMJs are cellular ensembles comprising presynaptic axon terminals, postsynaptic muscle cell, and the perisynaptic glial cells, and a coordination between these...

Aging is a dysbiotic and pro-inflammatory process that increases susceptibility to multiple chronic comorbidities. Centenarians and supercentenarians offer a unique biological model for elucidating the molecular determinants of healthy aging and exceptional longevity, as they display distinctive epigenetic signatures and a gut microbiome configuration that diverges from both younger and typically aging individuals, although substantial interindividual variability exists. The gut microbiota...

Understanding the direct connections between metabolism and chromatin dynamics may uncover potential mechanisms involved in the aging process of renal physiology. Despite known differences in incidence and aging renal disease, how biological aging intersects with renal metabolism and epigenetics in a sex-specific context remains poorly understood. Here, we determined the effect of age on renal metabolic pathways and metabolite cofactors of epigenetic modifiers in a sex-specific manner. We...

CONCLUSIONS: CR-related proxies were strong predictors of memory performance over the 9-year period, particularly for delayed recall. These findings reflect sociobehavioural influences associated with CR development, rather than direct evidence of CR as a neurofunctional mechanism. Promoting cognitively, socially and physically enriching activities, together with addressing depression, may help preserve memory function in aging populations.

Age-associated degeneration of neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) contributes to sarcopenia and motor function decline, yet the mechanisms that drive this dysfunction in aging remain poorly defined. Here, we demonstrate that postsynaptic mitochondria are significantly diminished in quantity in old-aged skeletal muscle, correlating with increased denervation and delayed reinnervation following nerve injury. Single-nucleus RNA sequencing before and after sciatic nerve crush from young and old-aged...

CONCLUSION: The findings emphasize the need for policy-driven urban planning that not only prioritizes green space accessibility but also addresses equity and supports healthy aging.

CONCLUSION: Using easily accessible blood biomarkers, it is possible to estimate chronological age with an MAE of 8.73 years in a large Central European population. Because the present work does not include validation against clinical outcomes, the resulting index should be regarded as a potential biological age marker. Future studies are needed to test its association with morbidity, mortality, and established biological age measures in independent cohorts.

Oxidative stress, driven by an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants, disrupts redox homeostasis and contributes to the development of chronic diseases, including cancer, diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders, and aging. The NRF2-KEAP1 pathway is a pivotal cellular defense mechanism against oxidative stress, regulating the transcription of cytoprotective genes. Pharmacological NRF2 activation has emerged as a promising strategy to mitigate oxidative stress-related pathologies; however,...

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects cognitive, sensory and motor systems, including the visual system and has a significant impact on autonomy and quality of life. Emerging evidence suggests that visual system abnormalities may enable early detection and monitoring for AD, appearing before cognitive symptoms. Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs or mRGCs) are among the first neurons affected in AD. This study investigates the...

CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS: PIDS and higher cumulative symptom load are associated with accelerated cognitive decline in middle-aged and older adults. Healthy lifestyle adherence mitigates these effects, underscoring integrated strategies combining symptom management with lifestyle interventions to reduce dementia risk.

Cellular senescence has a dual role in both tumor suppression and the promotion of age-related diseases. This paradox suggests the existence of functionally distinct "beneficial" and "detrimental" senescent states, yet the molecular basis that governs their fate has remained elusive. Here, we reveal that the dynamic exchange of histone H2AX on chromatin functions as an essential quality control mechanism that dictates the quality of senescence. We demonstrate that the histone acetyltransferase...

Menopause-related metabolic remodeling may contribute to the excess cardiovascular disease (CVD) burden in aging women, yet the longitudinal metabolic correlates of time since menopause (TSM) and their prognostic value are unclear. In this prospective analysis of 67,582 postmenopausal women without baseline CVD from the UK Biobank, we profiled 251 plasma metabolites by nuclear magnetic resonance and followed participants for a median 13.7 years (8313 incident CVD events). Elastic net regression...