Aging & Longevity

CONCLUSIONS: SUA is significantly associated with frailty in both community and surgical populations. In community population, a U-shaped relationship was observed, whereas only high SUA levels predict frailty perioperatively. Females are more susceptible to SUA-related frailty.

Limited identification of insulin resistance-associated loci hinders understanding of its role in cardiometabolic health, impeding therapeutic strategies. We apply three multivariate genome-wide association study approaches on homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance, insulin resistance index, fasting insulin, and ratio of triglycerides to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol from MAGIC and UK Biobank to develop a comprehensive phenotype ('mvIR'), and identify 217 independent loci,...

No abstract

Somatic mutation is now recognized as a cause of multiple human diseases other than cancer. Osteoarthritis (OA), a highly prevalent age-related disease, has been associated with increased chromosomal abnormalities in articular cartilage. Here we characterize the somatic mutational landscape of chondrocytes during normal aging and in affected cartilage of patients with OA. We used single-cell whole-genome sequencing to analyze single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) and small insertions and deletions...

A systematic investigation of aging patterns across virtually all major tissues in nonhuman primates, our evolutionarily closest relatives, can provide valuable insights into tissue aging in humans, which is still elusive largely due to the difficulty in sampling. Here, we generated and analyzed multi-omics data, including transcriptome, proteome and metabolome, from 30 tissues of 17 female rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) aged 3-27 years. We found that certain molecular features, such as...

Elucidating the impact of aging on the structure and function of neurons is key to understanding the mechanisms underlying synaptic dysfunction and ensuing susceptibility to age-related cognitive decline. The role of structural alterations in the lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) has been extensively addressed. In addition, numerous studies point to the importance of inflammation and the increase of oxidative stress during aging, with mitochondria as one of the key cellular organelles involved....

Humanitarian emergencies, including wars, forced displacements, sudden onset disasters, and pandemics, disproportionately affect older persons. This scoping review aims to map and synthesise existing studies on the care needs of older persons in such contexts, emphasising needs directly reported by the older persons themselves. A literature search was conducted on PubMed and EMBASE, focusing on qualitative studies that reported care needs of older persons in the context of humanitarian crises....

Ovarian aging is a complex process that compromises fertility and elevates the risk of reproductive disorders. To elucidate its spatiotemporal dynamics, we integrated single-nucleus RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics to construct a comprehensive aging atlas of 12 human ovarian tissues spanning ages 12-54 (prepubertal, age 12, n = 1; young, ages 23-29, n = 4; middle-aged, ages 32-34, n = 2; and older-aged, ages 42-54, n = 5). Our analysis revealed aging-related transcriptomic shifts,...

Despite the long interspersed nuclear element-1 (LINE1, L1) retrotransposons having been implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD), a fundamental understanding of the AD-specific lifespan-long trajectory of L1 has been limited. Here, we characterize the content and expression of L1 covering four brain regions (hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, cerebellum, and the rest of brain tissue) of APP/PS1 mice, a murine model of AD, and their wild-type C57BL/6 littermates from 3 to 24 months of age. We report...

The objective of the study was to evaluate the relationship of plasma biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) with in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (¹H-MRS) markers, and their association with cognitive function across the early stages of the AD continuum. Determining these associations may clarify the AD-related biological pathways and support the development of integrated AD blood and ¹H-MRS biomarkers for early detection of these pathways. Fifty-five older adults (40 cognitively...

Depression is a known risk factor for dementia and MCI, but its associations with AT(N) biomarkers remain inconsistent and may differ by cognitive status. We cross-sectionally studied 2929 dementia-free participants from the Health & Aging Brain Study-Health Disparities (HABS-HD). Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) was identified as having cognitive complaints, Clinical Dementia Rating scores between 0.5 and 2.0, and at least one cognitive test ≤ 1.5 SD below norms. We defined AT (N) with plasma...

Dementia is an escalating global public health challenge, with India poised to experience one of the largest absolute increases in cases due to rapid demographic aging, lifestyle transitions, and health system constraints. This review critically examines the epidemiology, barriers to diagnosis and care, economic and social impacts, and proposes an integrated dementia care framework for India. While dementia has traditionally been viewed through a social and clinical lens, emerging evidence...

Humans can react remarkably quickly to novel or displaced visual stimuli when time is of the essence. Such movements are thought to be initiated by a subcortical fast visuomotor network, but it is unclear how this network declines with age. Past work in the upper limb has detailed delayed reaching corrections to jumped visual stimuli in aging, but the underlying mechanisms contributing to these changes of the fast visuomotor network are poorly understood. Conversely, work in the lower limb has...

This study aimed to estimate the age, period, and cohort trends of multimorbidity among Chinese older adults from 2002 to 2022, and to explore how these three trends were affected by gender and whether or not living alone. Data were extracted from the China Longitudinal Healthy Living Survey (CLHLS) (2002-2022), and a total of 52,876 valid samples aged 65 to 105 were included. We measured 15 types of chronic diseases, and participants having two or more chronic diseases were considered to have...

Aging-associated neurodegeneration underlies various neurological diseases; however, the neurocrine basis remains poorly understood. Here, we investigate the role of parathymosin (PTMS), a secretory protein with nuclear functions that has recently been identified as a circulating factor in the brain. The results show that loss of PTMS is sufficient to cause severe, age-dependent neurodegeneration and reduced lifespan, whereas hypothalamic PTMS gain of function counteracts aging-associated brain...

An accumulation of senescent cells within tissues is a hallmark of the aging process. Cellular senescence is associated with an increased level of cytosolic dsDNA which primarily originates from a leakage of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and a loss of genomic DNA integrity. Cytosolic dsDNA is an important alarming factor for cytosolic dsDNA sensors which trigger the remodeling of the immune system through diverse signaling pathways. The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes...

This two part study on the afferent connectivity of lumbar spinal motor neurons in normal ageing mice investigates; Study 1: time course analysis of age-related changes in the synaptic coverage of lumbar spinal cords of male C57BL/BJ mice at 4,15,18 and 24 months of age and Study 2: the effect of long term 8-month resistance wheel exercise (RWE) on lumbar spinal cords of male C57BL/6J mice exercised from 15 to 23 months of age. Uniquely, each study used spinal cords obtained from the same mice...

Hypertension is a leading cause of cognitive impairment, attributed to cerebrovascular insufficiency, blood-brain barrier disruption, and white matter damage. However, how hypertension affects brain cells remains unclear. Using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) in a mouse model of hypertension induced by angiotensin II, a peptide involved in human hypertension, we mapped neocortical transcriptomic changes before (3 days) and after (42 days) onset of neurovascular and cognitive deficits....

The reward system involved in the regulation of appetite and motivated behaviors involves mesolimbic dopamine signaling from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to the nucleus accumbens (Nac). Age-related loss of dopaminergic neurons and weakening of dopamine signals reportedly cause reward system dysfunction, and similarly, age-related changes in microglia in the VTA have been suggested to be involved in this dysfunction. Ninjin'yoeito (NYT), a traditional Japanese herbal medicine, has been...

CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Older LTSS users in residential care and nursing homes have significantly lower adjusted odds of using telehealth than those living in the community. These findings underscore the importance of considering residential context when evaluating telehealth access and delivery among older adults, particularly those using LTSS.