Aging & Longevity

Frailty, characterized by diminished physiological reserve and increased vulnerability to stressors, is a common geriatric syndrome associated with adverse health outcomes. While recent seminal studies have reported conflicting findings regarding taurine, a sulfur-containing amino acid with antioxidant properties, and its relationship with aging, these discrepancies may reflect the heterogeneity of aging trajectories among older adults that chronological age alone fails to capture. Here, we...

People with HIV (PWH) on combination antiretroviral therapy have an elevated risk for aging-related non-AIDS comorbidities. We assess whether HIV infection accelerates biological aging in two independent cohorts of PWH using six organ-specific and three organism-wide aging clocks derived from plasma proteomics of healthy individuals. Proteomic age acceleration significantly correlates with DNA methylation age and is linked to comorbidities and mortality. HIV infection accelerates systemic...

The decline in estrogen following menopause is a major driver of metabolic and immune dysfunction in aging females. While hormone replacement therapy improves many of these outcomes, its clinical use remains limited due to concerns regarding estrogen-sensitive malignancies. Tissue-selective estrogen complexes (TSECs), which combine estrogens with selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) such as tamoxifen (TAM), represent a promising strategy to preserve the metabolic and immunological...

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Detecting senescent cells from single-cell RNA-seq data remains challenging due to the weak and non-specific expression of canonical markers. Here, we demonstrate that simple expansion of these low-signal marker sets does not improve detection accuracy. To address this limitation, we develop ICE (Imputation-based Cell Enrichment), a computational framework that integrates expression imputation with marker refinement. ICE improves the detection of senescent cells in pancreatic β cells and...

CONCLUSION: Among older Indian adults, elevated NfL and GFAP levels were strongly associated with poor cognitive performance. These biomarkers could aid future dementia screening and prognostication efforts. Longitudinal studies are needed to validate their role in large-scale screening programs.

Exercise improves cognition, mental wellbeing, and protects against neurodegeneration. However, most prior neuroscience studies have focused on localized brain changes without quantifying their impact on brain ageing. To quantify the effect of resistance training on brain health using longitudinal assessments. Using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) data from 2,433 healthy adults, we trained models to predict brain age and applied them to 309 participants from the...

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Stress is one of the most pervasive causes of mental ill health across the lifespan. Subjective dimensions of stress perception, such as perceived control, are especially potent in shaping stress responses. While the impact of reduced or no control over stress is well understood, much less is known about whether heightened feelings of control buffer against the negative impact of later stress. We designed a novel paradigm with excellent psychometric properties to sensitively capture and induce...

Age-related alterations in the immune system-collectively known as immunosenescence-include both quantitative and qualitative changes across various immune cell populations, including B cells, natural killer cells and T lymphocytes, affecting their structure, phenotype and function. While these changes have been characterised biochemically and physiologically, their biophysical manifestations remain less understood, particularly in individuals that achieve exceptional longevity. Here, we...

Nucleotide salvage is crucial for maintaining DNA replication when de novo nucleotide synthesis is limited, but this metabolic flexibility poses potential threats to genome stability. Salvage kinases phosphorylate nucleosides broadly, allowing for oxidized and alkylated 2'-deoxynucleosides as well as posttranscriptionally modified ribonucleosides to enter the 2'-deoxynucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) pool. The ensuing contamination of the dNTP pool and the subsequent incorporation of modified...

DNA is most often found in its canonical B-form double-helical structure, but can also adopt alternative conformations, known as non-B DNA structures. Numerous non-B structures have been characterized, including G-quadruplexes, i-motifs, Z-DNA, hairpins, cruciforms, slipped structures, R-loops, and H-DNA. Non-B DNA motifs are enriched in functional regions, including near transcription start and end sites, topologically associated domains, and replication origins, suggesting their importance in...

Current single-cell metabolomics approaches are limited by insufficient sensitivity, robustness and metabolite coverage. We present an ion mobility-resolved mass cytometry technology that integrates high-throughput single-cell injection with ion mobility-mass spectrometry for multidimensional metabolomic profiling. Ion mobility-enabled selective ion accumulation and cell superposition-based amplification strategies substantially enhance sensitivity, robustness and overall analytical performance....

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Synaptic aging is a core manifestation of brain aging arising from the convergence of fundamental biological aging processes, including genomic instability, loss of proteostasis, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and chronic low-grade inflammation. As highly energy-dependent and protein-rich sites of neuronal communication, synapses are particularly vulnerable to age-associated molecular stress. Accumulating evidence indicates that age-related impairments in synaptic vesicle...

CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights a shift in elderly needs from basic care to personalized and ongoing health management. Community-embedded care should prioritize must-be and one-dimensional attributes while addressing the diverse needs of older adults with varying self-care abilities to better support aging in place.

CONCLUSION: Symptoms are highly prevalent among older men and significantly associated with lower HrQoL and pain, tiredness, depression, and anxiety were the most impactful. These findings underscore the importance of targeted symptom screening and management to promote healthy aging and well-being.

BACKGROUND: This manuscript presents the study protocol of the PRICA-POWFRAIL randomized controlled trial. Frailty and pre-frailty are major predictors of functional decline and dependency in older adults, yet the implementation of personalized, scalable, and clinically interventions in primary care remains limited. This protocol describes the methodological design and planned evaluation of a lifestyle education programme and an individualized exercise-prescription algorithm aimed at improving...

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CONCLUSION: The impacts of different interventions on frailty in older adults exhibited outcome-specific variations. Combined interventions were most effective in improving frailty scores, demonstrating potential synergistic effects between physical exercise and nutrition, while nutritional supplementation showed the most significant benefit for gait speed. Multicomponent exercise alone also produced significant improvements in frailty scores and physical performance. These findings suggest that...