Aging & Longevity

Why mitochondria progressively fail in aging neurons remains a fundamental question in neurobiology. Although bioenergetic decline and oxidative stress are hallmarks of aging, whether redox signaling remodels mitochondrial nucleoids (mt-nucleoids) to impair neuronal bioenergetics remains unclear. Using aged mouse neurons and human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neurons, we demonstrate that redox-driven mt-nucleoid remodeling underlies reduced mtDNA transcript abundance and...

Organismal physiology depends on continuous, non-hierarchical communication among cells, tissues, and organs. We argue that this communication rests on metabolic flexibility-the capacity of cells and tissues to adapt substrate use to changing energetic demands-and that the hypothalamus serves as the central hub coordinating this flexibility across the body. Using hypothalamic agouti-related protein (AgRP) and pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons as a model, we show these melanocortin neurons do...

This systematic review aimed to synthesize and critically appraise qualitative evidence on U.S. older adults' experiences with food and nutrition. Searches of five databases identified 40 qualitative studies published between 2000 and 2023. Studies were included if they examined food- and nutrition-related experiences among U.S. adults aged 60 and older using qualitative interview or focus group methods. A thematic synthesis approach was used to summarize key findings across studies, and the...

Age-associated loss of muscle mass and function, termed sarcopenia, increases morbidity and mortality risks concomitant with decreased physical activity. Chronic exercise training is the most effective countermeasure against sarcopenia, but physical limitations create a barrier to participation in the elderly. Investigation into alternative pharmaceutical and nutraceutical treatments to prevent sarcopenia and maintain muscle plasticity late-in-life are therefore warranted. Polyamine metabolism...

Chronic low-grade inflammation (inflammaging) is a central feature of aging, yet its magnitude and trajectory vary substantially among individuals and tissues. This variability is not fully explained by chronological age or cumulative inflammatory exposure. We therefore examine inflammaging through a spatiotemporal framework focused on how inflammatory responses are initiated, contained, resolved, and distributed across tissues. The framework integrates established mechanisms-including defective...

This study aimed to elucidate the independent, sex-specific dose-response trajectories between serum uric acid (SUA) and phenotypic age acceleration (PhenoAgeAccel), while carefully accounting for concurrent metabolic confounding. Using multivariable linear regression and sex-stratified restricted cubic splines (RCS) in a large-scale cross-sectional cohort, we found that elevated SUA showed a robust inverse association with biological aging in both sexes upon comprehensive metabolic adjustment....

In Drosophila, like other animal species, females tend to live longer than males, a phenomenon known as sex gap in longevity (SGL). One possible explanation could involve the activity of transposable elements (TE). TEs are normally repressed by epigenetic mechanisms, but this regulation weakens with age. Y chromosomes are enriched in TEs, and age-related TE activity may therefore be more pronounced in older males, likely affecting longevity (toxic Y hypothesis). Using three Drosophila species...

Brain aging is accompanied by profound cellular and microstructural changes that precede overt tissue loss, yet in vivo MRI studies largely emphasize macroscopic measures or isolated diffusion and relaxation metrics, providing limited insight into how cellular-scale tissue architecture is altered across the adult lifespan. Here, we apply multidimensional diffusion-relaxation MRI (MD-MRI) to map voxel-wise microstructural phenotypes in cognitively unimpaired adults spanning early adulthood to...

Handgrip strength (HGS) declines with age and is associated with morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to investigate sex-specific associations between absolute and allometric HGS and all-cause mortality in Mexican adults aged 50 years and older. We analyzed data from the Mexican Health and Aging Study, including 1917 adults aged ≥ 50 years with HGS assessed at wave 3. Absolute HGS (kg) and allometric HGS (HGS/height²) were examined using sex-specific quartiles and standardized z-scores....

Psychosocial stress is a risk factor for aging-related diseases. The COVID-19 pandemic placed a psychosocial burden on individuals, potentially increasing the risk for aging-related diseases for which epigenetic clocks are used as early biomarkers. Based on four epigenetic clocks (DunedinPACE, GrimAge2, Horvath, and PedBE), we investigated whether epigenetic aging changed during the pandemic and whether these changes were associated with objective and subjective pandemic-related stressors and...

Age-related decline in male fertility, including diminished sperm quality, poses significant risks to offspring health and is exacerbated by modern trends toward delayed parenthood. Focusing on the hypothalamus-pituitary-testis axis, which governs hormonal control of male reproduction, we identified Synage, a long noncoding RNA expressed in the hypothalamic medial preoptic area (mPOA). We found that Synage expression in gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons decreases with age,...

This paper uses newly harmonized survey and register data on incomes and labor market outcomes as the basis for consistent comparisons of inequalities across 17 North American and European countries over the period 1995-2021. We examine trends in disposable income inequality in the working-age population, defined as persons aged 25 to 60, as well as its component parts of market income inequality and redistribution through government tax and transfer systems. We adjust incomes to allow for...

Senescent cells play important roles in various biological processes that promote fitness and health; however, their timely elimination by immune cells is critical to maintain tissue homeostasis and prevent disease. Despite this, senescent cells accumulate systemically with age, suggesting that certain immune cells also become senescent and dysfunctional during aging. In support of this, we previously demonstrated that CD8 T cells, immune cells capable of targeting senescent cells, increasingly...

CONCLUSION: Nicotine attenuated selected D-galactose-associated behavioral and hippocampal alterations. The genotype comparisons support α7-nAChR-associated modulation of platform-site crossings, serum GSH, and hippocampal IBA1. They do not establish that changes in brain GSH or amyloid production mediate these effects, or that all nicotine responses share one receptor-dependent mechanism.

Age-related declines in pulmonary function and immune regulation increase morbidity and mortality in older adults. Physical activity mitigates these effects, but the isolated impact of resistance training (RT) on lung function and immune responses remains unclear. Sixty-nine older adults without participation for at least one year in structured exercise programs (aged 60-85 years) were recruited from a community extension program at a Brazilian university and randomized into an RT group (n = 31)...

CONCLUSIONS: Older adults with higher mortality risk had poorer social wellbeing at baseline and were more likely to become lonely and decrease social participation at follow-up. Prognostic information may help clinicians avoid low-value medical interventions while prioritizing interventions to support meaningful social connection.

ObjectiveTo examine the association between early-life circumstances and healthy aging among community-dwelling older Chinese adults.MethodsData were from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. We used regression methods to identify independent and joint associations of six early-life factors with healthy aging as assessed by the Chinese Healthy Aging Index (CHAI; 0-12), a composite score evaluating six physiological systems.ResultsOf 3,069 participants, 4.82% had the healthiest...

ObjectivesUsing longitudinal data, we investigate changes in coresidence preference of Chinese older adults and, with application of the Andersen-Newman framework, examine factors contributing to coresidence preference.MethodsData come from five waves of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey collected between 2005 and 2018. A random-effect model uses baseline covariates to predict coresidence preference at follow-up between two adjacent waves, controlling for baseline preference and...

There is an urgent global need for affordable, large-scale health screening to enhance preventive care in the ageing population. Using low-cost, non-invasive retinal photographs and leveraging large foundation models, we developed a deep learning-based biomarker, Retinal Mortality Equivalent (RetiME), that directly mapped retinal features to individual mortality risk. Trained on a European cohort and externally validated across three independent external cohorts spanning Southeast Asia, Eurasia...

Assessing and validating circulating biomarkers is essential for developing preclinical measures of biological aging in mice. However, comprehensive serum proteomics are limited by technical challenges and low sample volumes. Here we present a quantitative nanoparticle-based enrichment workflow coupled with data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry for deep proteomic profiling of low-volume mouse serum. This approach increased proteomic coverage by 3-6-fold with median coefficient of...