Aging & Longevity

Aging is associated with increased susceptibility to metabolic stress and chronic liver disease, yet the interactions between age and metabolic stressors and the potential for ameliorating interventions remain incompletely understood. Here, we examined the hepatic response of young (7-month-old) and old (25-month-old) C57BL/6 male mice to a 9-week high-fat diet (HFD) and assessed whether rapamycin, a well-established pro-longevity intervention, could mitigate age-exacerbated effects. While both...

Early-life exposures could affect the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in adulthood, but the mechanisms remain unclear. We included 319,951 (54.5% women) UK Biobank participants free of T2D at baseline and within the first year of follow-up to investigate whether early-life exposures contribute to T2D through biological aging estimated using the Klemera-Doubal (KDM) and PhenoAge methods. We first examined associations of exposures with biological age and T2D, respectively, using...

Dermal fibroblasts are pivotal in maintaining skin integrity through extracellular matrix (ECM) production, a process compromised during aging due to oxidative stress from excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS). Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Danshen, DS), a medicinal plant rich in bioactive compound-rich dried roots, has demonstrated broad therapeutic potential. This study investigates the anti-aging properties of Danshen callus (DSC)-an undifferentiated cell mass derived from leaf tissue culture,...

Tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) are abundant across cancers, yet their phenotypic diversity and functional states remain poorly defined. Here, we introduce a cell-type probability classifier that recovers low-transcript neutrophils from scRNAseq datasets, enabling pan-cancer analyses of TAN heterogeneity. Across >190 human and murine tumors, we identify a conserved differentiation trajectory that culminates in a terminal CCL3^(hi) state. This state exhibits pro-tumor transcriptional...

Stress granules (SGs) are membrane-less organelles formed through liquid-liquid phase separation of proteins and RNAs, serving as temporary repositories for biomacromolecules to protect cells under stress conditions. Impaired SG disassembly is closely implicated in neurodegenerative diseases and aging, yet the mechanisms regulating SG dynamics are incompletely investigated. The constituents of heterogenous SGs are complicated and broadly categorized as core and shell components. In contrary to...

As individuals age, cortical alterations in brain structure contribute to cognitive decline. However, the specific patterns of age-related changes and their impact on cognition remain poorly understood. This study assessed the effects of aging on individual gray matter similarity networks and compared them to anatomical and functional connectivity networks derived from diffusion-weighted imaging and resting-state fMRI, respectively. Our results showed that gray matter similarity networks...

Biopsychosocial frailty, a new construct combining modifiable physical, psychological, and social domains, was associated with increased risk of dementia, mild cognitive impairment, and their subtypes. The aim of the present study was to estimate the role of biopsychosocial frailty on the incident risk of cardio- and cerebrovascular disease, i.e., myocardial infarction, peripheral artery disease (PAD), and definite stroke. From the eight municipalities of the population-based Italian...

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CONCLUSIONS: Financial decision-making power is a significant and potentially modifiable factor associated with mental health among older adults, representing an underexplored pathway for promoting healthy aging, with effects partially mediated through ADL and leisure engagement. Mental health promotion strategies should seek to preserve older adults' household financial decision-making power while supporting functional independence and social engagement.

Ovarian aging, recognized as one of the initial signs of systemic aging, is marked by a progressive reduction in both the number and quality of oocytes, which has a profound effect on female fertility. In spite of the advancements in assisted reproductive technologies, these methods fail to tackle the fundamental molecular mechanisms that drive ovarian senescence. Recent surveys have underscored the significant role of epitranscriptomic regulation, especially the N6-methyladenosine (m6A)...

CONCLUSION: This review demonstrated the potential applicability and value of obstetric teleultrasound. This novel care model is everchanging and new devices/systems capable of telesonography are of clinical and scientific relevance. Presently, additional high-quality evidence is required, particularly using teleultrasound in a clinical context, whilst ensuring sufficient methodological detail and consistent outcome reporting.

Older adults are susceptible to infections in part due to waning of immune memory. To uncover mechanisms of a long-lasting immune memory, we contrasted varicella zoster virus antigen-specific memory T cell responses in adults vaccinated at young (<20 years) or older age (>50 years) with a live-attenuated vaccine conferring durable protection only when given at young age or with an adjuvanted component vaccine eliciting long-lasting immunity in older adults. Unlike VZV-specific CD4^(+) T cells,...

The first 5 hours of aging in biomass burning plumes can strongly affect ozone photochemistry. We examine how volatile organic compounds (VOCs), nitrogen oxides, and nitrous acid influence hydroxyl radical, ozone, and peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) based on three aircraft campaigns over the United States. Our analyses reveal variable, highly elevated hydroxyl radical concentrations in the first 2 hours, resulting in evident fire-to-fire variability in VOCs oxidation and in ozone and PAN production....

CONCLUSIONS: EWGSOP2 algorithm is a valid tool even in hospitalized older patients, and each step enhances the predictivity of the algorithm; however, SARC-F and muscle strength can still be valuable tools for negative clinical outcomes when body composition data are not available.

Although most research on testicular aging has traditionally centered on germ cells, recent transcriptomic evidence shows that Sertoli cells are actually the most sensitive cell type to aging, displaying the highest number of aging-related differentially expressed genes and the greatest increase in transcriptional noise. As age advances, Sertoli cells undergo progressive quantitative loss, aberrant morphology, and disorganization of cytoskeletal and junctional structures, changes that...

Aging is the progressive decline in function at the cellular, tissue, and organismal levels that ultimately leads to mortality. The longevity of an organism is influenced by various internal and external factors, including nutrition, exercise, metabolic dysfunction, genomic instability, and epigenetic imbalance. Histone modifications, such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination, play a critical role in aging. These modifications illustrate histone changes crucial for...

Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), the tumor-originating fraction of cell-free DNA (cfDNA), is widely used as a biomarker for cancer detection and therapeutic monitoring; however, its direct biological impact on normal cells remains insufficiently understood. Since ctDNA contains tumor-derived molecular features, we hypothesized that it could serve as a signal that induces stress responses in healthy stromal cells. In this study, ctDNA and cfDNA were isolated from the conditioned media of B16-F10...

The increasing elderly population has brought healthy aging into focus. Aging is a multifactorial process characterized by the progressive decline of cellular and tissue functions, largely due to cumulative oxidative stress. Antioxidant-based strategies have therefore gained prominence as potential interventions. This study investigated the protective and therapeutic effects of Squalene (SQ) and Saponin (SP), individually and in combination, on aging-related biomarkers in brain tissue using a...

CONCLUSION: Dual-task RT enhanced inflammatory and metabolic profiles, partially retaining benefits after detraining. This intervention presents a viable strategy to mitigate aging-related systemic health decline in vulnerable populations.

Deficits in dopamine function cause alterations in episodic memory. Converging evidence implicates dopamine in postencoding hippocampal mechanisms inferred to support long-term memory, though there is a lack of direct evidence in humans. We address this gap using pharmacological functional MRI (fMRI) and positron emission tomography (PET). Using a motivated reward encoding task on and off oral methylphenidate, we tested whether individual differences in baseline dopamine ([^(11)C]raclopride PET...