Aging & Longevity

Human brain aging involves a variety of cellular and synaptic changes, but how these changes affect brain function and signals remains poorly understood due to experimental limitations in humans, meriting the use of detailed computational models. We identified key human cellular and synaptic changes occurring with age from previous studies, including a loss of inhibitory cells, NMDA receptors, and spines. We integrated these changes into our detailed human cortical microcircuit models and...

The accumulation of α-synuclein (α-syn) is a key pathophysiological feature of Parkinson's disease (PD), and one contributing factor to this aggregation is impaired clearance mechanisms. Recent research has identified the glymphatic system as the brain's intrinsic waste clearance pathway. This review examines glymphatic dysfunction in PD, with a focus on its impact on α-syn clearance and neurodegeneration. We summarize current evidence showing that disrupted aquaporin-4 (AQP4) polarization,...

Mitochondria play a central role in metabolism and biosynthesis, but function also as platforms that perceive and communicate environmental and physiological stressors to the nucleus and distal tissues. Systemic mitochondrial signaling is thought to synchronize and amplify stress responses throughout the whole body, but during severe or chronic damage, overactivation of mitochondrial stress pathways may be maladaptive and exacerbate aging and metabolic disorders. Here we uncover a protective...

Cochlear nerve demyelination is a significant pathogenic factor of age-related hearing loss (ARHL), and Schwann cell (SC) migration function plays a key role in the maintenance and regeneration of myelin sheaths. Here, we found that bone marrow stromal antigen 2 (BST2) is significantly upregulated in cochlear SCs during aging following demyelination and hearing loss. However, specific knockdown of BST2 in SCs could obviously improve the SCs migration and the myelin sheath structure manifested in...

Targeting senescent pancreatic β-cells represents a promising therapeutic avenue for age-related diabetes; however, current anti-senescence strategies often compromise β-cell mass. In this study, human amniotic mesenchymal stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles (hAMSC-sEVs) were identified as a novel intervention that can be used to effectively counteract cellular senescence and preserve β-cell integrity. We aimed to systemically delineate the molecular mechanisms underlying...

This paper focuses specifically on the education and upskilling of medical doctors, proposing how longevity-related competencies can be incorporated first through continuing medical education (CME) pathways and, eventually, into formal medical curricula. As longevity medicine evolves from research into clinical practice, education has emerged as its defining challenge. While the science of ageing advances rapidly, most physicians remain unprepared to translate biological, technological, and...

This study aims to analyze the global research landscape and identify emerging trends in research hotspots, key technologies, and clinical applications in proteomics research in aging from 1998 to June 20, 2025. Publications related to aging and proteomics from 1998 to June 20, 2025 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection. A bibliometric analysis was conducted using VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and R 4.3.3 to evaluate publication trends, research collaborations, and emerging topics. A...

Central to the legume-rhizobium symbiosis is the formation of organelle-like symbiosomes where nitrogen-fixing bacteroids are enclosed by a host-derived symbiosome membrane. This creates the symbiosome space, which topologically resembles an apoplastic compartment within the cell. While the apoplast of plant cells is largely occupied by the cell wall, symbiosomes are devoid of cell wall polymers. Here, we describe a mechanism that functions to protect and maintain effective nitrogen fixation...

Aging is associated with declines in physical, cognitive, and physical and mental well-being. This randomized trial aimed to assess the effects of a supervised, home-based multicomponent physical training program delivered via videoconferencing on physical fitness, cognitive performance, and mental well-being in healthy older adults. Thirty participants aged 60-70 years completed either a physical training intervention (PT), a health education intervention (active control, AC), or no...

Cognitive decline is one of the key challenges with aging, with significant implications for independence, quality of life, and healthcare burden. As pharmacological treatments remain limited in efficacy and often carry adverse effects, there is growing interest in safe, accessible, non-pharmacological strategies to preserve cognitive function. This Short Review explores the potential of combining two approaches that, individually, have shown beneficial effects on cognitive function:...

Aging is a complex biological process characterized by the gradual deterioration of cellular functions, leading to an increased susceptibility to chronic diseases. In the search for interventions to promote healthy aging and extend lifespan, Pyrroloquinoline Quinone (PQQ) and Nicotinamide Mononucleotide/Nicotinamide Riboside (NMN/NR) have emerged as promising anti-aging agents. PQQ exerts its anti-aging effect primarily through enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis, exerting antioxidant activity,...

Sacrificial sodium-rich salts pre-sodiation is a safe and promising approach to supplement sodium-ion batteries with additional capacity for energy density enhancement. However, high-cost from additional solvent and low-utilization-ratio caused by loose electrical contact limit its practical application in slurry-coated electrodes. Herein, we demonstrate a dry-processing method to enable complete sodium oxalate decomposition and solvent-free production of thick electrodes. Distinct to particle...

Aging is an inevitable process integrating chronological alterations of multiple organs. A growing aging population necessitates feasible anti-aging strategies to deal with age-associated health problems. We previously performed a proteomics analysis in a healthy-aging cohort, and revealed an age-related downregulation of ARMH4. Here we generate a whole-body Armh4-knockout mouse line, and investigate its impact on systemic aging. Under normal feeding conditions, Armh4 deficiency significantly...

CONCLUSION: This study is the first to directly examine the impact of loneliness on dynamic balance learning in PwPD. The findings revealed that loneliness can act as a significant inhibitory factor in balance rehabilitation for these patients. The results underscore the importance of designing targeted interventions to reduce feelings of loneliness to enhance balanced learning. Furthermore, the study paves the way for future research to investigate the underlying neural mechanisms and explore...

Accumulation of senescent cells is associated with aging and age-related diseases. However, current clearance therapies targeting senescent cells are often limited by low efficiency, poor specificity, and insufficient penetration. Here we develop a nano-platform composed of a probe (GD) that can be specifically activated by senescent cells, a photosensitizer (Ce6), and a peptide (HK) for targeting ferritin, named HK-PCGC. We show that upon entering senescent cells, GD is activated by high levels...

As aging is the primary risk factor for many chronic diseases, geroscience aims to target aging to delay age-related decline. Here, we identify Cyrene (dihydrolevoglucosenone), a sustainable, biocompatible solvent, as a novel geroprotective compound. Cyrene extends lifespan and healthspan in C. elegans, improving locomotor function and resistance to oxidative, thermal, osmotic, genotoxic, and proteotoxic stress. It also confers protection in neurodegenerative models of Alzheimer's, Parkinson's,...

Sex differences are found in brain structure and function across species, and across brain disorders in humans. A major source of brain sex differences is differential secretion of steroid hormones from the gonads across the lifespan. Specifically, ovarian hormones oestrogens and progesterone are known to dynamically change structure and function of the adult female brain, having a major impact on psychiatric risk. However, due to limited molecular studies in female rodents, very little is still...

Population ageing is a global phenomenon with significant implications for public health. Research has highlighted a relationship between gut microbiota, inflammatory cytokines, and ageing, yet the underlying causal mechanisms remain elusive. This study uses Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to investigate causal relationships between gut microbiota, inflammatory cytokines, and ageing phenotypes. We leveraged the summary statistics of gut microbiota (n = 5959), circulating inflammatory...

The genetics of human longevity has been primarily studied using classical methods developed in genome-wide association studies. With the recent advances in paleogenomics, it is now possible to investigate to what extent ancient population ancestries contribute to complex traits. In this study, we explored the role of ancient genetic components in human longevity by focusing on the Italian Peninsula, whose genetic heritage includes several past genetic ancestries that have contributed to the...

Women experience more pronounced lipidomic changes with aging than men, which may contribute to the higher rates of Alzheimer's disease seen in postmenopausal women. Our earlier findings showed that transplantation of young ovarian somatic tissues or cells produced positive health-enhancing results in postreproductive females. In the current experiments, we looked to find key health-enhancing ovarian cells and pathways involved in this phenomenon. We conducted physiological and molecular...