Aging & Longevity

Aging-associated sarcopenia is driven in part by the progressive loss of type II glycolytic fibers and the functional decline of their resident stem cells, the satellite cells (SCs). We show here that these defects result from attenuation of the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) signaling pathway and can be reversed by pharmacological HIF-1α reactivation. In the tibialis anterior muscle of 18-month-old C57BL/6J mice, HIF-1α protein abundance decreased by ≈46% and canonical targets (Vegfa,...

Ageing entails a variety of cellular and physiological changes that increase susceptibility to disease and death. A significant contributor to ageing is cellular senescence, a state of irreversible cell cycle arrest triggered by stressors such as DNA damage, telomere shortening, and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype. It is challenging to understand the nonlinear interactions between these complex mechanisms using conventional laboratory approaches. Mathematical modelling is capable...

Ischemic stroke (IS) is a cerebrovascular disorder that, if left untreated, can lead to secondary neurodegeneration and Post Stroke Cognitive Impairment (PSCI). Current therapies offer a narrow time window, highlighting the need for alternative approaches. Flavonoids, known for their neuroprotective properties, are promising candidates. Chrysin, a flavone with multiple pharmacological activities, was investigated for its therapeutic role in IS and PSCI. Pharmacokinetic and toxicological profiles...

Copper (Cu)-based single-atom catalysts (SACs) enable electrocatalytic CO(2) reduction into methane (CH(4)) fuel for thermal power plant decarbonization, yet conventional Cu SACs face industrial deployment barriers like instability and sluggish kinetics caused by d - p orbital coupling. Herein, we develop a Cu-Ti(1)O(3) catalyst with localized Cu single-atom sites by oxygen vacancy (O(v))-involved orbital engineering, achieving industrial-level CH(4) production. Theoretical and in-situ studies...

The aging population experiences concurrent brain aging and deterioration of bone health. Imaging-derived brain age gap (BAG) demonstrates enhanced predictive capacity for age-related pathologies compared to chronological age. This study included 28,705 participants who underwent brain MRI at a mean age of 63.2 years, with brain age predicted from 1705 imaging-derived phenotypes using LASSO regression (mean predicted brain age: 63.2 years). We then assessed the associations of BAG with BMD at 4...

Arms races between parasites and hosts are key drivers of evolution. Selfishly replicating transposable elements (TEs) are thought to follow similar dynamics, but strong evidence is missing. We test this in termites, social insects in which TEs have been linked to ageing. Sequencing genomes and profiling DNA methylation across the termite phylogeny reveal corresponding phylogenetic signals in TEs and TE methylation, indicative of co-evolution. TE methylation reduces TE success, as both TE...

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Older individuals exhibit distinct biochemical and functional changes in their immune cells that can lead to chronic inflammation, reduced immunity to pathogens and organ dysfunction. Immune cells from older individuals acquire dysfunctional immunosenescent phenotypes that are classified as inflammatory, exhausted or senescent. Key molecular mechanisms, commonly described as hallmarks of ageing, drive the development of these phenotypes through both cell-autonomous and non-autonomous mechanisms....

CONCLUSIONS: Improving food access for older adults requires a multilevel approach. The government should ensure inclusive food welfare, while communities should develop local systems to support older adults, especially those facing food shortages.

CONCLUSION: This study provides an integrated and stage-specific understanding of life satisfaction among older Chinese adults. The findings deepen the theoretical understanding of life course influences, social support, and psychological resilience in later life. The study also suggests the need for tailored policy interventions that prioritize mental health care, social engagement, and basic living conditions at lower satisfaction levels, and incorporate early-life experiences and emotional...

Associations between healthy dietary patterns and life expectancy remain unclear. Here, we reported the prospective associations of five dietary patterns with mortality and life expectancy in 103,649 UK Biobank participants. Over a median follow-up period of 10.6 years, 4314 total deaths were documented. Alternate Healthy Eating Index-2010, Alternate Mediterranean Diet (AMED), healthful Plant-based Diet Index (hPDI), Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension, and Diabetes Risk Reduction Diet...

The gradual decline in thymic function with age, known as age-related thymic involution, leads to reduced T cell production, thereby increasing the risk of infections and cancer susceptibility and leading to poor vaccine responses. Moreover, T cell defects were recently involved in the age-related loss of tissue integrity and function. Mechanistically, thymic involution is driven by several factors, including hormonal modifications and chronic inflammation, leading to functional changes in the...

Telomere shortening is a hallmark of aging and has been implicated in cardiovascular disease, but its mechanistic link to atrial fibrillation (AF) remains elusive. Using a high-throughput, single-gene-calibrated dot blot assay, we developed to quantify leukocyte telomere length (LTL). In age-stratified analyses, shorter LTL was associated with AF predominantly in individuals younger than 70 years. In telomerase-deficient (TERT^(-/-)) mice with telomere dysfunction, higher AF inducibility, atrial...

Senescent cells accumulate with age and after exposure to various stresses, contributing to chronic diseases and cancer, effects largely driven by the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Recent evidence indicates that a subset of senescent cells exhibits immunogenic properties. However, the extent to which immunogenicity depends on the cell type and the senescence inducer remains unclear. In this study, we evaluated the immunogenic properties of various human cell types induced to...

Brain aging is marked by neuronal loss, synaptic deterioration, neuroinflammation, and proteinopathies, all of which contribute to cognitive decline. Although systemic suppression of growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) signaling has been shown to extend lifespan and enhance cognitive function, the specific role of GH signaling in adipose tissue during brain aging remains unclear. In this study, we used aged (18-24 months) adipose-specific GH receptor knockout (Ad-GHRKO) mice...

Microbial communities profoundly influence host aging, yet how natural genetic variation determines microbiota-driven longevity remains unclear. By screening root-derived bacterial isolates across genetically diverse Caenorhabditis elegans strains, we identified striking phenotypic heterogeneity, ranging from lifespan extension to accelerated aging. Combining classical genetic analysis, quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping and CRISPR-Cas9 allelic recapitulation, we identify skn-1 (Nrf2) and...

CONCLUSIONS: Hypertension was associated with an age-dependent decline in reported knee pain, poorer physical function, and more severe radiographic knee OA in females. These findings suggest hypertensive individuals may deviate from a progressive OA pain trajectory and contribute to discordance between joint damage and pain.

Cdc42, a small GTPase essential for cell polarity, often becomes hyperactive with age and promotes senescence in yeast and animal cells. Yet, the mechanisms driving its age-related upregulation remain unclear. Here, we show that in budding yeast, Cdc42 accumulates over successive cell divisions and that reducing its levels extends life span. Using microfluidics-assisted live-cell imaging and genetic analysis, we found that Cdc42 is distributed unevenly between mother and daughter cells during...

How does senescent cell heterogeneity vary across different cell types in the liver in aging, fibrosis, and cancer? In Cell Genomics, Karpova and Li et al. reveal cell-type- and context-specific senescent cell signatures, offering the community a valuable resource and providing the potential for future therapeutic innovation.

CONCLUSION: Current guidelines for older adults with multimorbidity or polypharmacy exhibit substantial weaknesses in methodological rigor, reporting completeness, and implementation feasibility. Synthesis based on the Ariadne principles revealed an imbalanced pattern of recommendations, with a predominant focus on medication safety rather than patient-centered and longitudinal care management. Future guideline development should strengthen methodological processes, systematically integrate...