Aging & Longevity

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-enclosed nanoparticles that mediate intercellular communication by transferring proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids. Within the hematopoietic system, EVs orchestrate critical signaling between bone marrow (BM) niche cells and hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) to regulate quiescence, proliferation, and lineage commitment. During aging, senescence and telomere attrition drive a profound remodeling of EV biogenesis and cargo. Aged EVs,...

CONCLUSIONS: Although AgeTech standardization is advancing, critical gaps remain. Limited attention to safety, security, privacy, and digital economy and community inclusion raises concerns for trust, equity, and sustainable adoption. Addressing these gaps through targeted and coordinated standardization efforts is essential to support inclusive, trustworthy, and scalable AgeTech solutions in the context of rapid global population aging.

Nearly a century ago, restricting diet during early-life periods was suggested to extend lifespan in rats and in Daphnia^(1,2). The effect of juvenile diet on adult physiology and lifespan has subsequently been described in other model organisms, including fruit flies^(3-5) and mice^(6-8); however, its mechanism remains poorly understood. Here, using Drosophila as a model, we show that restricting protein intake during the larval stage (early-life protein restriction; ePR) promotes adult...

Mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) senses nutrient availability to orchestrate metabolic processes that are crucial for physiological homeostasis and ageing¹. mTORC1 preferentially regulates the translation of 5'-terminal oligopyrimidine (TOP) motif-containing mRNAs (which encode mainly ribosomal proteins) through the 4E-BP translational repressor²; however, this function of mTORC1 is resistant to rapamycin inhibition³. TOP mRNAs are exceptionally abundant, and thus impose a...

Centuries ago, Thomas Sydenham famously wrote, "A man is as old as his arteries", highlighting the importance of the vasculature for health and healthy aging. Here, we review recent developments in vascular aging research, focusing on how microvascular aging drives tissue dysfunction and the emerging therapeutic opportunities for vascular rejuvenation. Although macrovascular aging has long been studied, microvascular aging remains an emerging frontier. Recent single-cell and multiomic...

Changes in cell type composition play an important role in human health and disease. Recent advances in single-cell technology have enabled the measurement of cell type composition at increasing cell lineage resolution across large cohorts of individuals. Yet this raises new challenges for statistical analysis of these compositional data to identify changes in cell type frequency. We introduce crumblr ( DiseaseNeurogenomics.github.io/crumblr ), a scalable statistical method for analyzing count...

Disrupted rest-activity rhythms have been associated with aging and chronic disease, yet longitudinal evidence from free-living populations has been lacking. Here we integrate multi-year Fitbit activity data from the All of Us Research Program with clinical biomarker-derived PhenoAge from 2,222 participants (8,447 person-years). Through high-dimensional digital phenotyping, we show that circadian rest-activity rhythm intensity, timing, and stability are associated with biological aging...

The human brain undergoes profound changes from early development through late adulthood, shaping cognition, behaviour and vulnerability to disease^(1,2). Understanding how these changes are organized within specific brain regions and cell types is essential for interpreting normal ageing and its relationship to psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex has a central role in higher cognitive functions and is particularly sensitive to age-related decline³,...

Neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases impose a considerable societal and public health burden. However, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying these highly complex conditions remains limited^(1,2). Here, to gain deeper insights into the aetiology of different brain diseases, we used specimens from 1,494 unique donors to generate a population-scale single-cell transcriptomic atlas of the human dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, comprising over 6.3 million individual...

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Chronic inflammation is a common feature of aging and is observed across various age-related neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) metrics of white matter microstructure are hypothesized to be sensitive to inflammation, though few studies have assessed this relationship in non-clinical populations. This cross-sectional study of 457 dementia-free older adults (M(age)=63.82) examined associations of plasma markers related to...

Studies of centenarians and supercentenarians provide insight into aging and substrates of cognitive impairment at the extreme limits of age. In this study, we examined pathologic findings in 15 centenarians (99-109 years) and 7 supercentenarians (111-115 years) who underwent autopsy at our institution during a 25-year period between 2000 and 2025 and compared them with a cohort of 24 older adults (70-90 years) who underwent autopsy during 2024-2025. Of the 22 centenarians and supercentenarians,...

BACKGROUND: Skin aging is driven by multiple interconnected pathological processes. However, existing evidence remains fragmented across studies of individual mechanisms and compounds, hindering the discovery of novel targets and the repurposing of established drug targets.This review systematically summarizes the fundamental mechanisms and categorizes current antiaging pharmacological strategies corresponding to these mechanisms, aiming to provide a theoretical framework for future drug...

The ketogenic diet (KD) elevates β-hydroxybutyrate (β-HB), an energy metabolite and signaling molecule with immunomodulatory effects, and has been associated with cognitive and metabolic effects in some preclinical and clinical studies. However, clinical evidence for ketogenic and ketone-based interventions in cognitive aging and Alzheimer's disease remains mixed, and long-term carbohydrate restriction may be difficult to implement in older adults. Dietary supplements that elevate β-HB, such as...

Spontaneous neuronal oscillations support large-scale brain communication and are sensitive to adult aging, yet how their moment-to-moment dynamics change across the adult lifespan and relate to cognition remains unclear. Here, we used resting-state magnetoencephalography (MEG) and time-delay embedded hidden Markov modelling to characterize transient oscillatory brain states in 617 healthy adults aged 18-88 years. Aging was associated with a frequency- and region-specific reorganization of...

Age is a critical determinant of COVID-19 severity, yet the underlying metabolic mechanisms driving disease progression remain poorly understood. Using a well-characterized Syrian hamster model, we investigated how aging shapes intestinal and systemic sterol metabolism during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Young (7-10 weeks) and aged (12 months) hamsters were intranasally infected, and clinical outcomes were integrated with virological, histopathological, and lipidomic profiles across intestinal tissues,...

CONCLUSIONS: Better CVH, as measured by the LE8 score, was associated with fewer and a slower accumulation of age-related health deficits in older adults. These findings suggest that promoting CVH may help delay functional decline and support healthier aging trajectories.

Long-term thermal storage can decarbonize heat utilization by resolving mismatches between heat supply and demand. However, common heat storage materials cannot store energy for long periods. Here, we report an ultralong-term latent heat storage "glass" based on a ternary eutectic sugar alcohol mixture. The as-prepared material exhibits a solid-liquid phase change and glass transition at 423 and 289 K, respectively, with heat release via cold crystallization at 346 K. Remarkably, the glass...

Developing formaldehyde-free and high-performance wood adhesives is imperative for sustainable wood utilization. To overcome performance trade-offs in lignin adhesives, we developed a formaldehyde-free aqueous adhesive formulation via reactive cysteine-functionalized lignin, achieving high performance with an unprecedentedly low lignin loading (20 wt %), which is sprayable and injectable and exhibits excellent fluidity (1.96 mPa·s, 10³ s^(-1)). It undergoes self-curing via forming amide bond,...