Aging & Longevity

No abstract

Ageing is an independent, non-modifiable risk factor for myocardial infarction (MI). It is also characterized by chronic, low-grade inflammation (inflammaging) and progressive cardiovascular senescence. These ageing-associated processes alter cytokine networks and innate and adaptive immune-cell function, promote endothelial dysfunction, and compromise post-infarction repair, thereby increasing myocardial susceptibility to ischaemia and adverse cardiac remodelling in the elderly. Lifestyle...

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) maintain bone homeostasis through osteogenic differentiation. During aging, MSCs undergo a fate shift toward adipogenesis rather than osteogenesis, but the post-transcriptional mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we identify ovarian tumor domain-containing protein 1 (OTUD1) as an RNA-binding protein that controls MSC fate by stabilizing osteogenic transcripts. OTUD1 directly binds and stabilizes BMP2 mRNA, thereby supporting osteogenic differentiation. In vivo, OTUD1...

We develop an integrated, high-throughput platform to evaluate pharmacological lifespan-extending interventions across five model organisms spanning unicellular to mammalian biology including yeast, nematodes, fruit flies, killifish, and mice. By combining automated imaging, miniaturized assays, and deep-learning-based death detection, we evaluate over 400 compounds across thousands of conditions. In S. cerevisiae, a miniaturized PI/flow cytometry CLS assay enables scalable screening and...

Black carbon (BC) from biomass burning is a key component of the global carbon cycle, and radiocarbon (^(14)C) age of riverine BC is commonly used to constrain its terrestrial residence time. However, whether ^(14)C-free BC from fossil sources significantly contributes to riverine BC and biases these ages remains unclear. Here, we track dissolved and particulate BC (DBC, PBC) along a river continuum from forested headwaters to an urbanized estuary. This urbanization gradient allows us to...

Long-term exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation can cause sunburn, skin aging, and skin cancers. Conventional sunscreens typically combine organic UV filters and inorganic particles for photoprotection, yet concerns remain regarding skin penetration, systemic effects, and reactive oxygen species generation. Inspired by natural photoprotective mechanisms in plants, we develop a series of all-small-molecule sunscreen hydrogels based on natural polyphenols through a facile one-pot assembly...

Annual killifishes of the genus Nothobranchius compress a vertebrate life cycle into a few months, which is what makes them useful in aging research, yet no broad biochemical description of ageing exists for N. guentheri. In a cross-sectional design, we measured 27 clinical chemistry analytes in whole-body homogenates of male and female fish sampled at 3, 6 and 9 months of age (20 analytical samples). Age trends were assessed by Spearman rank correlation, and age, sex and their interaction by...

SIRT1, a sirtuin family member, has been extensively documented to be closely linked to aging and aging-related disease. Cellular senescence is a state of irreversible cell cycle arrest that functions as a key driver of aging. During cellular senescence, LINE-1 (L1) retrotransposable elements become transcriptionally activated and stimulate a type-I interferon (IFN-I) response. L1 activity has been strongly linked to aging and a variety of age-related disorders. However, whether SIRT1 influences...

Several dietary patterns have been associated with better health outcomes. However, the extent to which adherence to different so-called healthy diets overlaps, whether these dietary patterns are equally beneficial, and whether they are associated with similar DNA methylation profiles, remains unclear. Therefore, we investigate the overlap in adherence to ten diet quality scores, and examine the associations of these scores with both biological aging markers and DNA methylation profiles. We use...

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) dominate global mortality yet remain pervasive despite extensive prevention efforts, suggesting current explanatory frameworks may be incomplete. We propose the "Adaptive Cost Hypothesis": many NCDs represent not primarily lifestyle-mismatch diseases but rather inevitable trade-offs inherent in adaptive epigenetic programming optimized for reproductive success within ancestral human lifespans of 40-60 years. Early-life adversity calibrates immune, metabolic, and...

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) targeting the primary motor cortex (M1) has previously been shown to enhance motor learning in older adults. However, findings across studies are inconsistent, which may be partly due to variability in stimulation parameters and montages across experimental protocols. We aimed to replicate the effect of 1 mA conventional anodal tDCS over the M1 hotspot during one session of motor sequence learning on retention (24 h) compared to sham stimulation in...

CONCLUSION: In male rats, the SHR+BCAS+D-gal composite model recapitulates the multifactorial background, chronic progression, and multimodal neurological impairment of clinical CSVD at behavioral, neuroimaging, histopathological, and molecular levels. This male rat model may provide a useful experimental platform for mechanistic and interventional studies targeting BBB protection, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and white matter repair.

CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that CMDT enhances anticipatory control mechanisms linking brain function to behavior, supporting both emotional regulation and executive efficiency in frail older adults. By embedding cognitive demands within motor actions, this approach provides a low-cost and scalable intervention with increased ecological relevance, offering a promising strategy for addressing multidimensional vulnerability in aging.

Stem cell quiescence is a reversible state in which cells temporarily exit the cell cycle but remain poised to re-enter on cue. Robust protection of the balance between stem cell quiescence and proliferation (Q->P) is critical for long-term tissue health. Proliferation without proper resources drives disease states including cancer or birth defects. Conversely, extended periods of quiescence can lead to irreversible senescence, causing stem cell loss, aging symptoms, and vulnerability to...

Aging is fundamentally associated with the gradual accumulation of DNA damage, which is instrumental in the initiation and advancement of age-associated pathologies, including neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Recent studies indicate that lifestyle modifications-especially the consumption of functional foods and participation in consistent physical exercise-can influence cellular and molecular processes related to DNA repair, reduction of oxidative...

Comparative genetics aims to resolve the genetic and molecular architecture of complex traits and the evolutionary constraints governing biology. Recent improvements in genome assembly, coupled with population-scale multi-omics, have generated high-resolution maps of genetic and functional variation across species. These advances have been particularly transformative for farmed animals, which have a rich reservoir of genetic diversity and provide an opportunity for systematic, full-lifespan,...

Ovarian aging precedes decline in many organs, but its mechanisms remain unclear. Here we show that aging oocytes accumulate cytoplasmic mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) through increased mtDNA leakage, activating the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) pathway to produce cGAMP and trigger stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling. Notably, oocyte-derived cGAMP can pass through gap junctions to surrounding granulosa cells (GCs), activating STING signaling in GCs as well. To model age-associated...

Early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD) and late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) have different clinical and neuroimaging characteristics, and non-cognitive deficits usually observed are suggestive of hypothalamic dysfunctions. Here, we assessed in vivo the hypothalamic volumetry in EOAD and LOAD and explored its association with cognitive and non-cognitive features. The hypothalamus and its subunits were segmented on T1-weighted MRIs from 14 younger and 23 elderly controls (EC), 14 EOAD, and 28...

Gene regulatory networks encode the fundamental logic of cellular functions, but systematic network mapping remains challenging, especially in cell states relevant to human biology and disease. Here, we perturbed all expressed genes across 22 million primary human CD4^(+) T cells from four donors and developed a probe-based perturb-seq platform to measure the transcriptome effects in cells at rest and after stimulation. These data allowed us to map genes regulating immune pathways, including...

Cellular senescence is a state of stable arrest and secretion linked to aging and disease. Here, we identify that senescent cells dispose of large fragments through cell-to-cell adhesion, which we term "senescent-cell adhesion fragments" (SCAFs). Found in many senescent states, including human and mouse cells, and mouse tissues, SCAFs lack nuclear material but contain organelles, including damaged mitochondria. Disrupting adherens junctions decreases SCAF formation but induces senescent-cell...