Aging & Longevity

Cellular senescence is a context-dependent cellular state characterised by persistent cell-cycle arrest, epigenetic remodelling, metabolic reprogramming and acquisition of a senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Transient senescence contributes to embryogenesis, tissue repair and tumour suppression, whereas persistent senescent cell populations accumulate with advancing age across multiple tissues, in part owing to declining immune-mediated clearance and intrinsic resistance to apoptosis,...

Global population ageing is increasing the burden of chronic disease, functional decline, and loss of independence. For most organs, decline in function starts during the 5th decade of life. Micronutrient (MN) insufficiencies/deficiencies are common and may accelerate biological ageing. MNs are required to support multiple physiologic processes, including mitochondrial homeostasis. Age-related declines in organ function are tightly linked to mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress,...

Heterochronic parabiosis improves physiological and cognitive function in aging rodents; these benefits appear to be derived from the removal of aged blood plasma components and the addition of younger ones. In humans, removing plasma from older individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and replacing it with saline and albumin delayed cognitive deterioration in a large clinical trial. However, mimicking heterochronic parabiosis in humans by removing large volumes of a patient's blood plasma and...

CONCLUSIONS: AGE-PAIRS demonstrates the feasibility of engaging physician alumni as mentors in early geriatrics education and suggests that structured intergenerational mentorship can support empathy and professional identity formation. Future work will integrate AGE-PAIRS more deeply into graded coursework, add structured mentor reflections, expand participation across all class years, and evaluate higher-level outcomes such as geriatrics knowledge, clinical performance, and interest in...

INTRODUCTION: Fidelity of detailed information retrieved from long-term memory (LTM) declines in aging due to changes affecting learning and remembering processes. Such behavioral deficits correspond with functional alterations in the hippocampal formation. However, it is unclear whether age-related decline in high-fidelity retrieval alters functional connections between hippocampal and cortical regions.

CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Among community-dwelling older adults, MRI-derived muscle quality deteriorated substantially faster than muscle quantity over 4 years and more closely paralleled declines in physical performance. These findings suggest that age-related muscle deterioration is driven primarily by qualitative degeneration rather than simple loss of muscle mass and support the use of imaging-based muscle quality measures as sensitive biomarkers of biological muscle aging.

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CONCLUSION: HBDL-based free-weight resistance training is a safe, feasible, and effective strategy to improve body composition, trunk extensor function, and mobility in older women.

Homotypic targeting is the inherent ability of cells to preferentially interact with cells of the same type, a phenomenon seen in cell adhesion, tissue formation and immune responses. However, its potential remains underexploited. Here we report a strategy to substantially enhance homotypic targeting through extracellular vesicles secreted by cells. By engineering the surface of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) with lanthanides, we amplify specific cell-sEV interactions by more than 25-fold,...

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a blood disorder affecting millions worldwide. Emerging evidence reveals that SCD pathophysiology increases the risk of myeloid malignancies and hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) dysfunction, likely because of chronic stress on bone marrow. To investigate this further, we interrogated bone marrow hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) from mice and individuals with SCD and observed molecular signatures of chronic cellular stress including oxidative stress, DNA...

Balance and lower limb muscle strength are essential factors in preventing falls in older adults. This randomized controlled trial investigated the effect of 8 weeks of dynamic neuromuscular stability (DNS) exercises on static balance, dynamic balance, and lower limb strength in older men. Thirty older men aged 61-76 years were randomly allocated to either a DNS exercise group (n = 15) or a control group (n = 15). The experimental group performed DNS exercises for 8 weeks (3 sessions/week),...

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) are now recognized as integral components of the proteostasis network that preserves cellular and tissue function across the lifespan. With aging, increasing oxidative load, metabolic imbalance, and Ca²⁺ dysregulation elevate the burden of misfolded proteins in the ER, leading to progressive UPR engagement. When ER stress is mild or transient, UPR signaling restores folding capacity, restrains translation,...

17α-estradiol (17α-E2) extends median lifespan and improves metabolic homeostasis in male mice through estrogen receptor α (ERα)-dependent mechanisms, but female mice are largely unresponsive unless ovariectomized or subjected to chronic high-fat feeding. Whether the gradual hormonal transition of natural reproductive aging similarly unmasks female responsiveness to 17α-E2 remains unknown. We tested whether 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide (VCD)-induced depletion of the ovarian reserve would render...

Aging is characterized by a progressive decline in cellular and tissue function, shaped in part by disruptions in communication between the extracellular matrix (ECM) and intracellular signaling networks. The cell surface receptor CD44 functions as a molecular hub, integrating signals from a remodeled ECM to regulate core aging programs including senescence, inflammation, and metabolic balance. This review synthesizes evidence that CD44, through its structural domains, isoform diversity, and...

DNA methylation is an established biomarker of human ageing and is used by a variety of tools to identify meaningful epigenetic signals. We investigated whether analysing CpGs grouped by transcript as functional units could generate a ranked list of transcripts most correlated with age that might otherwise be overlooked in genome-wide CpG-based studies. Here we present Epitage ( https://github.com/a00s/epitage ), a continuously updated ranked list of transcripts built from the GSE87571 dataset...

CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: The LSA did not show evidence of predictive validity for adverse outcomes among middle-aged and older Canadian adults after a 3-year follow-up. This may be because of the CLSA sample being relatively highly functioning at baseline, the 3-year-long gap in assessment, and the low prevalence of adverse outcomes in this sample. Further research is needed to determine the usefulness of the LSA for predicting these adverse outcomes at the population level.

CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Machine learning models demonstrated substantial predictive performance with interdisciplinary team-determined follow-up interval categories among community-dwelling older adults. Explainable artificial intelligence analyses highlighted the contribution of multidimensional geriatric assessment domains to individualized follow-up planning. These findings support the potential role of artificial intelligence-assisted decision support in home-care scheduling, although...

Meningeal (dural) lymphatics are essential for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) clearance to cervical lymph nodes, yet the precise pathway is incompletely understood. Using a multifaceted approach in mice, we examined tracer dynamics and the CSF outflow pathway from the subarachnoid space (SAS) to the nasal mucosa and identified a discrete arachnoid region surrounding the olfactory bulbs with abundant fenestrations. Similar arachnoid fenestrations were found in cynomolgus monkeys. Fluorescent tracers...

Senescent cells in the aging and diseased brain are increasingly recognized as highly heterogeneous catalysts of dysfunction, originating from diverse cell types and characterized by wide-ranging molecular signatures and functional outcomes. Additionally, technological advances in single-cell transcriptomics and mouse modeling have helped reframe senescence from a static fate to a dynamic trajectory that is heavily influenced by evolving environmental cues. In this review, we identify key hubs...

Changes in the gut microbiota occur throughout the human lifespan, and maintaining microbial homeostasis plays a critical role in promoting healthy aging. In recent years, substantial progress has been made in elucidating the mechanistic links between aging and microbiota remodeling, highlighting the central role of microbiota-host interactions in regulating immune responses and maintaining metabolic homeostasis. These findings provide new potential targets for the precision prevention and...