Aging & Longevity

The apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) allele is the strongest genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and is linked to poorer cerebrovascular health. Cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR), an indicator of vascular reserve, and cerebral pulsatility (CP), a marker of vascular stiffness, are sensitive biomarkers of early vascular dysfunction associated with aging and AD. However, the relationship between APOE4 status and these cerebrovascular metrics remains unclear. This study investigated whether the...

CONCLUSIONS: Sustaining higher levels of physical activity over time is associated with a slower rate of cognitive decline in older Chinese adults. This protective effect is especially pronounced in specific demographic subgroups.

Understanding metabolic changes across the human lifespan is essential for addressing age-related health challenges. However, comprehensive metabolomic and lipidomic analyses, particularly in human plasma, remain underexplored. Herein, we performed untargeted metabolomics and lipidomics profiling of plasma collected from 136 individuals aged 0-84 years. This analysis reveals distinct metabolic signatures across life stages, with newborns displaying unique sphingosine (SPH) profiles, while aging...

Frailty in older adults, particularly those with chronic diseases, has a robust association with risk of mortality, but whether this is the case in middle-aged adults is unclear. We examined the frailty-mortality association in middle-aged adults with chronic diseases and multimorbidity. Data on Fried's frailty phenotype (robust, prefrail, frail) and 47 chronic diseases, mapped to 13 body organ systems, was available on 230,960 participants of the UK Biobank study (mean age 57.8, range...

Population aging is accelerating worldwide, with 16% projected to be aged ≥ 65 years by 2050. A practical index reflecting overall aging status is needed for population-based research, as existing indices often require specialised or cognitive assessments. We developed a Physiological Healthy Aging Index (PHAI) using accessible biomarkers and evaluated its association with mortality in Korean adults. A total of 6398 participants aged ≥ 40 years from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study...

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CONCLUSIONS: Thai older in rural areas can ageing in place better than their counterparts in urban areas. Therefore, the government should promote social participation policies for the older in urban areas, and technology for the older in rural areas. Overall, Thailand needs to ensure that there is a robust support system for ageing in place so that the older enjoy an optimal quality of life.

CONCLUSIONS: This study identified significant associations between higher UPF consumption and both reduced muscle strength in community-dwelling older women and impaired physical performance in older men. However, no significant associations were found between UPF intake and muscle mass or overall sarcopenia diagnosis. Further large-scale prospective studies are warranted to confirm these findings and elucidate the role of UPF intake in the development of sarcopenia in aging populations.

Lysosomes are critical hubs for both cellular degradation and signal transduction, yet their function declines with age. Aging is also associated with significant changes in lysosomal morphology, but the physiological significance of these alterations remains poorly understood. Here, we find that a subset of aged lysosomes undergo enlargement resulting from lysosomal dysfunction in C. elegans. Importantly, this enlargement is not merely a passive consequence of functional decline but represents...

CONCLUSION: The 95+-year-old population exhibits distinctive patterns of disease burden that have shifted substantially over the past three decades. Despite cross-national differences, cardiometabolic diseases and risk factors, along with multisystem comorbidities from the brain and kidneys, remain the primary drivers. Integrated strategies addressing biological, social, and environmental factors may enhance intrinsic capacity and promote healthy aging in the oldest old.

Aging-related retinal diseases lead to irreversible structural damages and vision loss. These conditions are characterized by cellular senescence, oxidative stress, neural degeneration, and neovascularization. Among these, chronic inflammation is a hallmark of aging, establishing a self-perpetuating vicious cycle that accelerates pathological process and physiological decline. cGAS-STING signaling pathway has been identified as a critical mediator of inflammation across multiple retinal disease...

CONCLUSION: Aerobic training is the most effective intervention, followed by resistance training, and at least 3 sessions per week (or twice a week for more than 24 weeks) are needed for metabolic and anti-inflammatory adaptations. This compendium provides a reference point for personalised exercise plans for treatment and prevention of chronic diseases-especially for older adults with metabolic conditions.

The early detection of degradation in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is crucial for effective predictive maintenance and recycling. However, accurately predicting the future degradation of LIBs in early stage is challenging due to the barely noticeable performance changes at initial charging cycles and the long-term nonlinear degradation pattern. In this work, we propose a two-stage early-stage degradation prediction method, BatteryGPT, which employs a Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT) to...

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CONCLUSIONS: Participants are representative of community-dwelling older adults with fall risk. Balance and mobility test differences between fallers and non-fallers support the need for prospective comparisons of their predictive validity. Follow-up results, expected in late 2025, will help inform future updates to fall risk assessment and prevention guidelines.

CONCLUSION: These findings underscored the importance of promoting positive AA as preventive measures against both frailty and DS. They also provided valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying the relationship between depression and frailty in older adults.

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is a non-invasive therapeutic approach offering targeted muscle contraction without requiring voluntary effort. This pragmatic pilot study investigated the effects of integrating NMES into usual rehabilitation care on cognitive and mobility outcomes, as well as its acceptance among hospitalized older adults in rehabilitation settings. Twenty-nine older adults with a mean age of 81.7 years (SD = 9.0) participated in this study. Patients received either...

Senescent cells are characterized by a stable proliferation arrest and a senescence-associated secretory phenotype or SASP. Although these cells can have some beneficial effects, including protecting from tumor formation, their accumulation is deleterious during aging as it promotes age-related diseases, including cancer initiation and progression. Although the SASP has a critical role, its composition, regulation and dual role in cancer remain largely misunderstood. Here, we show that ANGPTL4...

Dementia is a growing global public health concern, with an increasing number of individuals affected due to the aging population. Although chronic inflammation is implicated in cognitive impairment, studies on its association with autoimmune diseases, which are representative chronic inflammatory diseases, are lacking. This study aimed to investigate whether the onset of autoimmune diseases is associated with an increased risk of dementia or cognitive impairment. This study used data from the...

CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that prediabetes and diabetes significantly shorten the timeframe before a potentially clinically noticeable change in global and domain-specific cognition is reached. Thus, lifestyle modification to reverse prediabetes and prevent diabetes could potentially reduce the rate of cognitive decline in aging populations. The findings differed by sex (i.e., the effect of diabetes on decline in global cognition, attention and visuospatial domains was more pronounced in...