Aging & Longevity

CONCLUSIONS: Elevated and persistent BNP abnormalities are consistently associated with IC decline, supporting BNP as a practical biomarker for early identification of older adults at risk of functional deterioration.

Executive and motor function are bidirectionally linked and decline as we age, yet motor-cognitive links are predominantly studied in older adults, while studies focused on midlife report mixed results. We aimed to evaluate whether motor tasks of varying complexity reflect executive function in midlife, a sensitive window for identifying early cognitive-functional risks that are otherwise undetected, thus informing timely intervention strategies. Using a cross-sectional study design, we assessed...

Despite the female predominance in age- and immune-associated diseases, the pathways underlying sex differences in healthy immune aging remain incompletely understood. Here, we analyze a multi-ethnic single-cell transcriptome of healthy human immune aging (35% Asian), comprising 3.8 million peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 1,828 individuals aged 19-97 years. Prominent peaks of differential gene expression around 40 (mainly CD4 T cells) and after 60 (mainly CD8 T cells) years of...

CONCLUSIONS: Multimorbidity and greater cumulative LTC burden were prospectively associated with incident sarcopenia in both females and males. The graded association across LTC burden and the estimated population-level burden suggest that multimorbidity is an important marker of subsequent sarcopenia risk. Further research should determine whether incorporating muscle health assessment into the care of people with multimorbidity improves prediction or clinical outcomes.

CONCLUSION: Overall, the present study demonstrates for the first time that Nampt activation via P7C3 injections allows for improved fast and slow skeletal muscle function in aged mice with increased muscle quality, myofiber CSA and preserved grip strength.

Traditional vascular aging research has predominantly focused on isolated pathologies in single vascular beds, which fails to explain the synchronized functional decline of multiple organ systems that defines organismal aging. While the panvascular aging paradigm has emerged as a transformative framework for understanding systemic aging, the field remains fragmented by inconsistent phenotypic definitions, arbitrary model selection, and a critical disconnect between basic mechanistic insights and...

BackgroundSubjective cognitive impairment (SCI) predicts Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD). Identifying SCI correlates may identify cognitive risk earlier in the ADRD continuum. We examined SCI correlates among older non-Hispanic Black (NHB) and non-Hispanic White (NHW) men.MethodCross-sectional data were from 669 men in the 2012 National Health and Aging Trends Study. Logistic regression was used to identify SCI correlates, accounting for complex sampling and...

With the global aging population and increasing burden of age-related diseases, delaying aging and maintaining healthspan have become important research priorities. Aging is a complex biological process involving progressive declines in physiological function, stress resistance, proteostasis, and metabolic homeostasis, driving the development of aging modulators that target conserved longevity-associated pathways. Although pharmacological and natural aging modulators have attracted growing...

CONCLUSION: High BMI-attributable stage 2-4 CKM burden has risen sharply in China and will continue to increase, driven mainly by worsening epidemiological risks. AFF, IHD, and LEPAD show the fastest growth. Men had higher age-standardized mortality and DALY rates for several selected diseases. Early-life obesity prevention and sex-tailored interventions are urgently needed.

CONCLUSION: LLM-derived mobility functional status assessment was associated with ED visits and hospitalization, but not with all-cause mortality after adjustment. Prospective validation and evaluation of incremental discrimination, calibration, and clinical utility are needed before clinical implementation.

The ability to initiate stepping promptly and accurately is critical for safe mobility in later life. Choice stepping reaction time (CSRT) is an independent predictor of recurrent falls in older adults and is often prolonged in dementia. Although the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is crucial for rapid response execution, existing studies primarily focus on regional activation, leaving the topological reorganization of prefrontal functional networks poorly understood. In this study, twenty-six healthy...

Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers may be associated with decline in non-cognitive domains of intrinsic capacity (IC), but such evidence has not been synthesized. This narrative review, based on a structured PubMed search (last search: December 31, 2025), included 119 human studies examining associations of core AD biomarkers (e.g., amyloid-beta (Aβ) and tau protein) and biomarkers of non-specific processes involved in AD pathophysiology (including neurofilament light chain (NfL), glial...

CONCLUSION: Frailty in older adults with cancer is affected by multi-dimensional, complex determinants. Targeted screening and intervention strategies can be formulated upon identification of these factors to reduce frailty incidence and improve clinical prognosis.

Although women live longer, they paradoxically face heightened susceptibility to cognitive and systemic decline emerging in midlife-an underexplored transition from resilience to vulnerability. Here, we investigate biological processes associated with this female-biased vulnerability and their molecular regulation. Senescence-associated features were preferentially elevated in middle-aged females in human brain and spleen tissues, with similar changes in mice. In female mice, epigenetic...

Nuclear factor I (NFI) misexpressions in humans are associated with severe brain malformations, yet the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we show that NFIs regulate the broad lineage progression and lifespan of radial glial progenitors (RGPs), thereby bidirectionally controlling neocortical development. Human cerebral organoids carrying patient-mimicking NFI mutations exhibit expression-level-dependent bidirectional impairments in RGP temporal development, coinciding with...

Oligodendrocytes are a specialized class of glial cells responsible for myelination, which sustains central nervous system (CNS) function. Though long considered a passive and static cell, the oligodendrocyte is now recognized to actively support axonal energy demands through metabolic provision, modify neural signaling in response to environmental stimuli through adaptive myelination, and repair or regenerate myelin following injury. However, oligodendrocytes become dysfunctional in aging and...

Microglia, the brain's resident immune cells, rely on histone modifications and chromatin remodeling to sculpt their identity across the trajectory from development through aging. Recent studies have identified enhancer rewiring and metabolic-epigenetic coupling-exemplified by histone lactylation-as central drivers of microglial plasticity. Disruption of this regulatory balance drives the transition from homeostatic microglia toward disease-associated microglia (DAM) in Alzheimer's and...

Insecticide resistance poses a major challenge to global pest management, yet its cascading effects on ecological networks remain poorly understood. Here, we show that target-site-resistant herbivorous insects can accumulate unmetabolized insecticides and inadvertently function as "toxic prey," impairing the fitness of their natural enemies. Using neonicotinoid- and spinosyn-resistant Myzus persicae and genetically modified Drosophila melanogaster, we demonstrate that resistant hosts surviving...

As the most popular hole-selective materials in efficient p-i-n perovskite solar cells (PSCs), self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) still remain great challenges in long-term stability due to their frail construction and week bonding. To form a toughened donor-acceptor interface, here, we adopt an amine-rich cross-linking templates for SAM layer growth. The enhanced Coulombic interaction between polymer amines and SAMs promotes the formation of SAM growth networks, resulting in reduced...

Naïve T cells maintain quiescence yet must respond rapidly to antigens, but how they prime this capacity is unclear. We identify histone variant H2A.Z as a key regulator of an epigenetic training program that licenses quiescent naïve CD8^(+) T cells for future activation. H2A.Z deficiency disrupts naïve T cell homeostasis and effector responses. Multiomics reveals that H2A.Z is selectively deposited at oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) gene promoters in quiescent naïve CD8^(+) T cells, priming...