Aging & Longevity

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Ageing populations present new challenges for society, governments and for health systems. To accommodate the global demographic shift towards older populations, healthcare systems preparedness is of paramount importance. To prepare and equip health systems to best support older adults' health and well-being over the long-term it is necessary to understand how current systems may unintentionally marginalize older adults. Therefore, the purpose of this review and...

Autophagy is a major intracellular degradative process required for maintaining homeostasis in multicellular organisms. Aberrant autophagy is considered to induce internal environmental disturbance and cell death. Therefore, it is of great significance to explore the regulatory mechanism of autophagy. Here, we report a positive role of protein Pira, a SUMO protease, in inducing autophagy and autophagy-dependent cell death during Drosophila development. We found that overexpression of pira in...

CONCLUSION: This study elucidates the underlying mechanisms between neighborhood environment and physical activity among older adults, Neighborhood environment is not only directly associated with physical activity levels among older adults but also indirectly influences physical activity through two psychological cognitive mediators: self-efficacy and outcome expectations.

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Quiescence (reversible cell-cycle arrest) and senescence (irreversible arrest) are challenging to distinguish due to a lack of specific biomarkers, yet both arise simultaneously after chemotherapy. While senescence suppresses tumors by limiting proliferation and recruiting the immune system, quiescent cancer cells evade future therapies and may resume proliferation. Here, we pair time-lapse imaging of cell-cycle dynamics with single-cell RNA sequencing after etoposide treatment to differentiate...

Biomarkers of aging have the potential to transform geroscience clinical trials because of their broad applications in stratifying participants, prioritizing interventions, and monitoring responses to geroprotectors. As longevity biotechnology companies (LBCs) continue to plan and launch innovative clinical trials, standard practices in collecting data and applying biomarkers of aging will allow the field to support parallel and ongoing validation and benchmarking efforts for aging biomarkers....

Polyphenols are emerging as promising candidates for promoting healthy aging and neuroprotection. Here, we investigated the effects of quercetin (Q), luteolin (L), and 3-O-methylquercetin (3OMQ), individually and in combination (FORM), on lifespan, healthspan, and neurobehavioral functions in Caenorhabditis elegans. Wild-type and mutant strains (including daf-2, daf-16, and skn-1) were exposed to the compounds, followed by assessments of longevity, motility, senescence biomarkers (lipofuscin and...

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) has garnered significant attention in recent years due to its central role in cellular metabolism and its potential as a supplement to promote health and longevity. While numerous human studies indicate that NAD supplementation offers benefits with minimal or no side effects, some studies show no observable advantages. This discrepancy highlights the importance of identifying individuals who are most likely to benefit from NAD-based interventions. One...

Declining rates of male fertility pose a significant clinical challenge, while the mechanisms underlying testicular interstitial function remain incompletely understood. Here, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the single-cell transcriptomic landscape of the murine testicular interstitium across the postnatal lifespan. The investigation unveiled a previously unrecognized population of Cd34^(+)/Sox4^(+) mesenchymal cells nestled within the interstitium, hinting at their potential as Leydig...

Histone post-translational modifications (PTMs) are critical regulators of chromatin structure and gene expression, with broad implications for development, metabolism, and aging. While canonical modifications such as methylation and acetylation are well characterized, the role of histone succinylation remains poorly understood. Here, we investigated histone succinylation in the context of aging and exceptional longevity. Using mass spectrometry-based proteomics, we quantified histone...

DNA methylation variation is associated with chronological ageing. Calorie restriction (CR) prolongs lifespan and healthspan in many species. Our hypothesis is that CR has an impact on DNA methylation patterns with increased CR leading to slower epigenetic ageing. We studied the effects of graded CR in male C57BL/6J mice on liver DNA methylation. Mice were fed ad libitum (AL) in the dark-phase or restricted by 10%, 20%, 30% or 40% from 5-months old for 19-months. Livers were collected in...

Osteoporosis is characterized by reduced bone mass and structural deterioration, leading to increased fracture risk, particularly in older adults. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is a widely used anabolic therapy for osteoporosis; however, rapid bone loss after treatment discontinuation presents a significant clinical challenge. Cellular senescence has been implicated in age-related bone fragility. However, its role in PTH-induced bone remodeling and post-treatment bone loss remains unclear. This...

Cellular senescence, defined as the irreversible arrest of cell proliferation in response to stress, contributes to tissue dysfunction and drives the progression of age-related diseases. Accurate detection of senescent states is therefore essential for understanding aging mechanisms and identifying therapeutic targets. However, conventional laboratory assays are time-consuming and difficult to scale. Here, we present SenSeqNet, a deep learning framework that predicts cellular senescence directly...

Somatic differences in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) have been observed with aging and between brain regions for mutations, structural variation, and abundance, which are represented by single nucleotide variants (SNVs), large deletions, and copy number, respectively. We used bioinformatic methods to interrogate mtDNA changes and their relation to cortical and cerebellar aging using whole genome sequencing data from the North American Brain Expression Consortium. This dataset contained 292 unpaired...

CONCLUSION: OOT may potentially contribute to healthy aging by modulating redox adaptability. Its theoretical effectiveness is dose-dependent, with maximal benefit in aged or dysfunctional systems requiring reactivation of flexible stress responses. However, while the model offers insights into possible dynamic behaviours of the redox-inflammatory axis under ozone exposure, it is not yet calibrated to biological data and cannot predict real-world outcomes without further experimental support.

In their cross-sectional study, Sun et al. (Aging Clin Exp Res. 2025) provide valuable evidence that the coexistence of high body fat and low muscle mass is associated with lower bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes (T2D). While their work importantly identifies this "sarcopenic obesity" phenotype as a risk factor, our letter offers a critical appraisal to guide future research. We argue that the sole reliance on DXA-derived areal BMD is a significant...

CONCLUSION: This study highlighted that WHtR was more strongly associated with FI than BMI, BRI, and WHT·5R, and highlighted the priority of waist-centered obesity measures in frailty risk assessment and clinical intervention in the elderly.

With the aging of global populations, understanding the role of the cerebellum in aging is crucial. However, existing studies primarily focus on structural and functional changes, leaving the topological properties of cerebellar functional networks in aging unclear. Here, we explored the aging effects on the topological organization of cerebellar functional networks and investigated the relationship between these changes and cognitive function. The results revealed that, compared with young...

CONCLUSIONS: Government-issued policies to promote the utilization of HCBSs by vulnerable older adults have achieved certain results. Middle-income older adults are more likely than those with higher incomes to use HCBSs. However, there is still inequity in service utilization, with low-income older adults showing less service utilization, which requires further government intervention. We propose recommendations for future policy improvements.

CONCLUSION: Distinct domain-specific PF trends were noted among Taiwanese community-dwelling older adults, with maintenance of strength and agility but progressive declines in endurance and flexibility. Sustained engagement in community-based, multicomponent exercise programs may mitigate age-related decline and support healthy aging in later life.