Aging & Longevity

Immunological memory is a defining feature of immunity, and a quantitative description of how it wanes would help better understand the processes underlying its maintenance and estimate the duration of protection after immunization. We analyzed the waning of antibodies to a panel of virus and vaccine antigens and found that a power-law model captured both the initial rapid decline and much slower subsequent waning. Importantly, accounting for the time post-immunization at which the waning was...

The adoption of digital therapeutics among older adults presents both opportunities and challenges in modern healthcare. While these technologies enhance disease management, autonomy, and quality of life, engagement remains hindered by cognitive, emotional, systemic, and sociocultural barriers. This narrative review synthesizes findings from 76 peer-reviewed studies identified through Scopus and Web of Science (2010-2024) to examine key factors influencing geriatric engagement with digital...

BACKGROUND: The phenomenon of population aging and the migration of young people from rural to urban areas, particularly in Iran's rural regions, has led to a higher growth rate of aging populations. This qualitative study aimed to investigate the effects of children's migration on the physical, mental, and social health of older adults in Kerman province and to identify their spontaneous adaptive strategies.

Monoclonal antibodies approved for Alzheimer's disease (AD), such as lecanemab and aducanumab, have been shown to enhance microglial phagocytic function, underscoring the therapeutic relevance of microglia in neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). Emerging evidence implicates lipid droplets (LDs) in brain aging and NDDs, particularly through LDs-laden microglia known as lipid droplet-accumulating microglia (LDAM), which exhibit impaired phagocytosis, elevated oxidative stress, and dysregulated lipid...

Cognitive training is a promising non-pharmacological approach to mitigate age-related cognitive decline, yet the underlying neural mechanisms remain unclear. We conducted a meta-analysis of 24 neuroimaging studies comparing cognitive training with control conditions in older adults. Outcomes included changes in cognitive function and task-related brain activation. Moderator and mediation analyses were conducted to examine the influence of participant characteristics, training parameters, and...

Sensory loss is prevalent in older adults and is associated with changes to brain structure and function. In early life, the brain compensates for sensory loss by upregulating intact senses, such as in deafness where neural sensitivity for vision increases and visual peripheral perception improves. However, it is unclear if similar neuroplastic compensation occurs in older adults with sensory loss, which would show the aging brain's adaptability and inform sensory rehabilitation strategies. We...

Plasma circulating cell-free nucleic acids (ccfNAs) have emerged as promising non-invasive biomarkers of aging. While age-associated changes have been reported, data in relation to extreme aging and longevity remain scarce. Here, we assessed ccfNA levels and integrity, and ccfDNA methylation in a cohort of 86 individuals, analyzed both overall and stratified by sex, including nonagenarians (NON: 90-98 years, n = 29), centenarians (CEN: 100-109 years, n = 28), and a middle-aged control group (CG:...

Emerging evidence highlights the crucial role of peripheral immune cells in maintaining brain homeostasis and their influence on the pathology of Alzheimer disease (AD). Genome-wide association studies have identified numerous AD risk variants in genes expressed by immune cells, implicating innate and adaptive immune pathways in disease progression. Advances in neuroimmunology have revealed that immune cell crosstalk involving T cells, B cells, monocytes and/or macrophages and neutrophils can...

BACKGROUND: The increasing demands of an aging population, healthcare workforce shortages, financial constraints, and a shift in care perspectives call for rethinking geriatric rehabilitation (GR). To ensure GR remains sustainable, a transition towards home-based GR is proposed, reducing the need for prolonged inpatient GR. This study assesses the outcomes, costs and feasibility of the "Better@Home" program, in which home-based GR replaces part of inpatient GR.

CONCLUSION: The high prevalence of chronic pain and pain underestimation in older adults underscores the necessity for comprehensive pain management strategies adopting a patient-centered medicine approach. The provision of education to both physicians and patients on appropriate chronic pain management strategies and options may benefit older adults with chronic diseases.

Aging is associated with a progressive decline in physiological resilience, often linked to impaired stress responses and metabolic dysfunction. In Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), caloric restriction (CR) and pharmacological interventions are widely used to dissect conserved longevity pathways. Here, we identify the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist memantine as a novel modulator of lifespan and stress tolerance in C. elegans. Memantine, but not ketamine, extends median...

Accumulating evidence indicates that Alzheimer disease (AD) is caused by dysregulated microglial phagocytosis. The main risk factor for AD is age, and ageing reduces microglial phagocytosis of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques, while increasing microglial phagocytosis of synapses and neurons. Most of the known genetic risk for AD can be linked to microglial phagocytosis, including ABCA1, ABI3, ACE, ADAM17, APOE, APP, BIN1, BLNK, CD2AP, CD33, CLU, CR1, CTSB, CTSH, EED, GRN, INPP5D, LILRB2, PICALM, PLCG2,...

CONCLUSION: Resilience, self-efficacy, social support, and social connectedness are key positive factors associated with PWB among older adults, while loneliness negatively impacts it. Thus, these findings highlight the need for targeted interventions that enhance resilience, foster self-efficacy, and strengthen social support and social connectedness to reduce loneliness and improve PWB in aging populations.

Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is driven by progranulin haploinsufficiency, in which age-dependent microglial activation promotes neurodegeneration through TDP-43 proteinopathy. Cyclic phosphatidic acid (cPA) is a natural phospholipid mediator characterized by a unique cyclic phosphate ring at the sn-2 and sn-3 positions of its glycerol backbone. A pharmacologically active derivative of cPA has been shown to suppress microglial activation. Based on this, we aimed to investigate the potential of...

Vascular aging is a key driver of cardiovascular disease, yet models capturing its complexity in humans are lacking. Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS), a premature aging disorder caused by the LMNA mutation, provides a model to study accelerated vascular decline. Here, we developed a blood vessel organoid (BVO) model from HGPS-mutant human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). These BVOs model HGPS vascular defects and reveal significant downregulation of serum response factor (SRF), a trend...

Postural balance in older adults is a key research focus, as impaired balance significantly increases fall risk, potentially leading to severe injury or mortality. Given age-related sensory decline, force-platform posturography assessing sensory perturbation effects could elucidate postural control deficits in aging. This systematic review and meta-analysis examines older adults' ability to maintain quiet stance during sensory perturbations. We searched 8 databases for studies evaluating older...

Photoaging is a process of accelerated skin aging induced by ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and other exogenous factors, characterized by deepened wrinkles, collagen degradation, and inflammatory responses. With increasing public interest in maintaining healthy skin and delaying aging, natural proteins and their bioactive peptides have emerged as promising candidates in anti-photoaging research due to their potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and extracellular matrix (ECM) metabolism-regulating...

Aging is the primary risk factor for cardiovascular disease, cancer, neurodegeneration, and other chronic disorders. Therefore, targeting the hallmarks of aging has emerged as a promising strategy to extend healthspan. Liver X receptors (LXRs) are ligand-dependent nuclear receptors that are activated by specific oxysterols and cholesterol derivatives. They are traditionally known as key regulators of cholesterol homeostasis. However, recent evidence reveals that LXRs also influence autophagy,...

Amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques are one of the primary biomarkers of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Other publications have reported various mechanisms regarding the clearance of Aβ, and recent studies have also investigated the relationship between daily rhythms of Aβ and AD. The intent of this study was to determine if the circadian rhythm of Aβ differed between a region that was more vulnerable to AD-related pathology (the olfactory bulbs; OB) compared to a region that is less vulnerable (the cerebellum;...

Multiple myeloma (MM) remains an incurable disease despite therapeutic advancements extending survival. Relapses driven by drug resistance and minimal residual disease underscore the need for novel treatment strategies. Natural Killer (NK) cells play a key role in MM immunity, yet their function is suppressed by inhibitory cytokines and metabolites from the tumor microenvironment. Developing anticancer drugs with immunomodulatory properties, such as enhancing tumor sensitivity to NK cell...