Aging & Longevity

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia and major public-health challenge in aging societies worldwide. Accumulating evidence suggests that olfactory and visual deficits can precede overt cognitive symptoms and are closely associated with amyloid-β deposition, pathological tau phosphorylation, and disease progression. Early sensory abnormalities in AD likely arise from converging pathological processes. Among these, chronic neuroinflammation marked by microglial and...

Chronic stress in mice causes anxiety and hyperglycemia by inducing senescence in amygdala astrocytes.

Aging impairs intestinal stem cell (ISC) function, disrupting epithelial homeostasis and regenerative repair. Loss of ISC quiescence promotes intestinal dysfunction and contributes to organismal aging. Here, we report an epitranscriptomic mechanism through which a decrease in adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing by the adenosine deaminase ADAR in ISCs during aging disrupts a conserved signaling axis that maintains ISC quiescence. In Drosophila melanogaster, ISC-specific loss of dADAR...

Ageing is associated with a decline in strength; however, the neural mechanisms underpinning these changes remain poorly understood. Motor unit discharge rate (MUDR) and recruitment threshold (MURT) regulate the magnitude of motoneuron output through rate coding and orderly recruitment, while discharge rate variability (MUDRV) reflects the steadiness of motoneuron output. Yet, age-related differences in these properties remain inconsistent across the literature. Therefore, this systematic review...

Endothelial senescence is a critical contributor to vascular aging and age-related vasculopathies. Our previous work identified AGGF1 as a regulator of cell cycle progression and anti-inflammatory signaling. However, whether AGGF1 modulates endothelial senescence remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that AGGF1 is downregulated in both replicative and DOX-induced senescent HUVECs. AGGF1 knockdown accelerated cellular senescence as evidenced by senescence markers, including increased SA-β-gal...

Evidence on meal timing and dementia is limited. We examined late-night dinner and skipping breakfast in relation to incident dementia. We conducted a population-based cohort study using linked medical insurance claims, long-term care insurance claims, and government-subsidized health checkup data from 19 participating in the Longevity Improvement & Fair Evidence (LIFE) Study. Cohort entry was from April 2016 to March 2021. Late-night dinner (dinner within 2 h of bedtime ≥ 3 times/week) and...

PurposeTo identify the predictors of the technology-assisted behaviors older adults would consider implementing once encountered with a health concern and seeking help. To understand this phenomenon, the study tapped into the technology familiarity approach and the media richness theory.MethodsData were obtained from the 2020 wave of the Ageing, Communication, Technologies (ACT) survey and analyzed using logistic regression models. The sample included 3,926 internet users 63-97 years old from...

Age-related cognitive decline is increasingly recognised as arising from interacting immune and neurovascular vulnerabilities rather than from isolated insults. In this Review, we synthesise current human and mechanistic evidence within a convergence framework in which inflammaging and neurovascular unit (NVU) dysfunction are conceptualised as a feedback-coupled system. Persistent immune remodelling may promote endothelial activation, redox imbalance, pericyte-astrocyte support failure,...

CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicate that the cognitive effects of multi-session resistance exercise are domain-specific rather than uniform across cognitive abilities. Resistance exercise appears particularly promising for supporting cognitive processes involving executive control, working memory, and rapid information processing. However, interpretation should remain cautious given heterogeneity across studies, limited evidence in some domains, and variation in intervention duration, intensity,...

CONCLUSION: A putative epigenetic relation was found between miR-124 levels and their association with SIRT1. The investigated biomarkers of aging are associated with serum concentration of 25(OH) vitamin D in a middle-aged vitamin D-deficient rat model, which supports the need for mechanistic investigation in future studies.

Estrogen receptor-positive (ER^(+)) breast cancer is the most common subtype of breast cancer and is an age-related disease. How systemic and tumor microenvironment hormone signaling intersects with chronic inflammation and how this shapes aging-associated tumor biology remain incompletely understood. Here, using an aged rat model of ER^(+) tumors, we identify age-associated differences in tumor development and immune features. In parallel, analysis of samples from patients with ER^(+)/HER2^(-)...

Single-cell foundation models such as scGPT and Geneformer are large neural networks trained on human single-cell RNA-seq data. They were never shown chronological age during training. Do their internal representations nevertheless encode aging biology in a way that can be interpreted, and how should we test whether an apparent aging signal is real biology rather than an artifact of which donors and cell types happened to be sampled?. We applied a nine-step evaluation pipeline to two foundation...

ObjectiveMany older adults stop seeing a doctor despite having insurance and significant health needs. This study asks whether psychological distress predicts disengagement from care, beyond structural barriers.MethodUsing three waves of the Health and Retirement Study (N = 5,184 adults 65+), we model whether distress in one wave predicts no medical contact in the next, testing whether wealth weakens this link.ResultsOlder adults with more psychological distress were significantly more likely to...

Macroautophagy/autophagy is a conserved eukaryotic intracellular degradation pathway, with specialized forms such as the biosynthetic cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting (Cvt) pathway in yeast, which selectively delivers several resident hydrolase precursors to the vacuole rather than for turnover. Although the core autophagy machinery is highly conserved between yeast and plants, whether autophagy plays a biosynthetic role in transporting vacuolar hydrolases in plants has remained unclear. Here, we...

Adipose tissue (AT) is now recognised as a dynamic immunometabolic organ in which coordinated interactions between adipocytes, stromal cells, vascular elements, and resident immune populations are essential for maintaining metabolic homeostasis and endocrine function. Beyond its classical role in energy storage, AT actively regulates local and systemic immune responses through the production of adipokines, cytokines, chemokines, and lipid mediators. Among adipose-resident immune cells, B...

Aging can be experimentally induced in Hydra oligactis, making it an exception among the "immortal" cnidarian genus Hydra. In response to cold temperatures, H. oligactis polyps switch from asexual to "emergency" sexual reproduction and eventually age and die. We used GC-MS-based metabolite profiling to characterize cold-induced (CI) metabolic reprogramming during concurrent sexual differentiation and aging in H. oligactis. Metabolites in four clusters either decreased or increased progressively...

Immunosenescence increases susceptibility to infection and reduces vaccine responsiveness, yet bulk transcriptomic clocks obscure the cellular heterogeneity underlying this process. Here, we present IDEAL-Age, an interpretable deep learning framework that operates directly on single-cell PBMC transcriptomes. Benchmarking against 35 methods across independent cohorts demonstrates superior predictive performance. The framework's interpretability uncovers linear and non-linear gene contribution...

Mitis group streptococci are opportunistic pathogens residing in the oral cavity, where they produce hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), a key virulence factor contributing to their pathogenesis. We previously demonstrated that these bacteria kill the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans through H(2)O(2) production. Metformin, a widely used biguanide drug for managing blood glucose levels, has shown promising effects on aging by extending lifespan in worms and mice, and has also demonstrated potential...

Aging is accompanied by progressive epigenetic alterations, including changes in DNA methylation affecting both gene-associated regions and repetitive elements such as LINE-1 retrotransposons. Reduced epigenetic repression of transposable elements has been implicated in age-related genomic instability. Circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) provides a minimally invasive substrate for monitoring systemic molecular changes; however, age-related LINE-1 methylation dynamics in cfDNA remain poorly...

Cellular senescence is closely associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. Sirtuin 2 (Sirt2), a member of the Sirtuin deacetylases family, plays a pivotal role in regulating energy metabolism and aging in mammals. However, its function in social insect aging remains unclear. Here, using the Eastern honey bee (Apis cerana) as a model, we demonstrate that the age-related downregulation of A. cerana Sirt2 (AcSirt2) in brain tissue is coupled with progressive mitochondrial damage, reactive oxygen...