Aging & Longevity

CONCLUSIONS: CR-related proxies were strong predictors of memory performance over the 9-year period, particularly for delayed recall. These findings reflect sociobehavioural influences associated with CR development, rather than direct evidence of CR as a neurofunctional mechanism. Promoting cognitively, socially and physically enriching activities, together with addressing depression, may help preserve memory function in aging populations.

Age-associated degeneration of neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) contributes to sarcopenia and motor function decline, yet the mechanisms that drive this dysfunction in aging remain poorly defined. Here, we demonstrate that postsynaptic mitochondria are significantly diminished in quantity in old-aged skeletal muscle, correlating with increased denervation and delayed reinnervation following nerve injury. Single-nucleus RNA sequencing before and after sciatic nerve crush from young and old-aged...

CONCLUSION: The findings emphasize the need for policy-driven urban planning that not only prioritizes green space accessibility but also addresses equity and supports healthy aging.

CONCLUSION: Using easily accessible blood biomarkers, it is possible to estimate chronological age with an MAE of 8.73 years in a large Central European population. Because the present work does not include validation against clinical outcomes, the resulting index should be regarded as a potential biological age marker. Future studies are needed to test its association with morbidity, mortality, and established biological age measures in independent cohorts.

Oxidative stress, driven by an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants, disrupts redox homeostasis and contributes to the development of chronic diseases, including cancer, diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders, and aging. The NRF2-KEAP1 pathway is a pivotal cellular defense mechanism against oxidative stress, regulating the transcription of cytoprotective genes. Pharmacological NRF2 activation has emerged as a promising strategy to mitigate oxidative stress-related pathologies; however,...

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects cognitive, sensory and motor systems, including the visual system and has a significant impact on autonomy and quality of life. Emerging evidence suggests that visual system abnormalities may enable early detection and monitoring for AD, appearing before cognitive symptoms. Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs or mRGCs) are among the first neurons affected in AD. This study investigates the...

CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS: PIDS and higher cumulative symptom load are associated with accelerated cognitive decline in middle-aged and older adults. Healthy lifestyle adherence mitigates these effects, underscoring integrated strategies combining symptom management with lifestyle interventions to reduce dementia risk.

Cellular senescence has a dual role in both tumor suppression and the promotion of age-related diseases. This paradox suggests the existence of functionally distinct "beneficial" and "detrimental" senescent states, yet the molecular basis that governs their fate has remained elusive. Here, we reveal that the dynamic exchange of histone H2AX on chromatin functions as an essential quality control mechanism that dictates the quality of senescence. We demonstrate that the histone acetyltransferase...

Menopause-related metabolic remodeling may contribute to the excess cardiovascular disease (CVD) burden in aging women, yet the longitudinal metabolic correlates of time since menopause (TSM) and their prognostic value are unclear. In this prospective analysis of 67,582 postmenopausal women without baseline CVD from the UK Biobank, we profiled 251 plasma metabolites by nuclear magnetic resonance and followed participants for a median 13.7 years (8313 incident CVD events). Elastic net regression...

Bursts of cell proliferation after infection, injury or transformation can coincide with DNA damage and spindle assembly defects. These increase the risk of cell cycle arrest in mitosis, during which many cellular processes are uniquely regulated. Ultimately, cells arrested during mitosis may die, but adaptive mechanisms also allow their escape into the next interphase. This step can have variable consequences, including chromosome missegregation, polyploidization and centrosome amplification....

Aging has traditionally been studied through the lens of protein-coding genes, with a strong bias toward data derived from male organisms. As a result, the role of non-coding elements and potential sex-specific differences remains largely unexplored. Transposable elements (TEs), mobile sequences capable of altering genome structure and regulating gene expression, have recently gained attention for their roles in development and aging. However, despite this growing interest, key aspects of TE...

No abstract

Cellular senescence is a fundamental biological process contributing to aging, often accompanied by extensive chromatin remodeling. Dynamic alterations of three-dimensional (3D) genomic spatial structure, driven by chromatin reorganization, play a critical role in cell fate determination, but their relevance in therapy-induced senescence (TIS) remains underexplored. Here, we perform an integrative multi-omics analysis of Hi-C, ATAC-seq, CUT&RUN, and RNA-seq in primary human fibroblasts...

Chronic stress has been linked to mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired telomere maintenance, yet the mechanistic relationships connecting these pathways in humans remain poorly resolved. Using longitudinal findings from the Guillén-Parra cohort as a motivating human example, this Perspective offers a reinterpreted framework that proposes a unifying energetic interpretation in which bioenergetic insufficiency-defined as a mismatch between stress-induced energetic demand and mitochondrial...

Reprogramming of somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells through the introduction of transcription factors Oct3/4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) represents a landmark advance in regenerative biology. Building on this foundation, partial reprogramming can help reset epigenetic age. It further opens opportunities to treat degenerative diseases without the tumorigenic risks associated with full pluripotency. The review advances the field in three ways: it links lineage-preserving partial...

CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Our equation appears to have high predictive power. With rapid and simple measurement of anthropometric and demographic indices, the equation can be used to evaluate ASM in primary care facilities lacking specialized equipment.

The Greenland shark (Somniosus microcephalus) is the longest-living vertebrate and inhabits the exceptionally dim and cold waters of the Arctic deep sea. Due to its extreme lifespan, harsh environmental conditions, and prevalent corneal parasitisation, the Greenland shark has previously been thought to have impaired or degenerated vision. Here, we present genomic, transcriptomic, histological and functional evidence that the Greenland shark retains an intact visual system well-adapted for life...

Resistance training (RT) is an effective intervention for improving muscle health and metabolism in ageing, but the degree of responsiveness (hypertrophy) to RT varies substantially. We examined muscle metabolomic profiles before and after 10-weeks RT in older adults classified into upper (UPPER) and lower (LOWER) tertiles of hypertrophy to identify key metabolic adaptation differences. Fifty older adults (23 males, 27 females, mean 68.2 years old) completed 10 weeks of RT combined with whey...

Clonal haematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) is an ageing-related condition associated with a substantial fraction of circulating leukocytes having descended from a single somatically mutated haematopoietic stem cell (HSC). CHIP increases the risk of haematological malignancies and several chronic diseases (for example, cardiovascular pathologies) and contributes to persistent, low-grade inflammation or inflammageing. Inflammageing, in turn, promotes functional impairment of normal...

Brain health is closely linked to bone homeostasis. Skeletal aging is characterized by inadequate bone formation and marrow adiposity, but whether the brain contributes to this imbalance remains unknown. This study shows that aged brain neurons, mainly those in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex, produce excess WD repeat and FYVE domain containing 1 (WDFY1) protein and transfer it to the bone via extracellular vesicles (EVs), leading to bone-fat imbalance and osteoporosis. Increasing brain...