Aging & Longevity

CONCLUSION: Osteosarcopenia and its components (osteoporosis and sarcopenia) are inversely associated with BMI and fat mass, particularly in the trunk and android regions.

BackgroundWhile life expectancy has increased globally, chronic disease burdens remain high. Cancer, despite improved survival, remains a major cause of disability and the second leading cause of death. Though behavioral risks such as smoking, poor diet, and physical inactivity are linked to cancer, few studies examine their impact on cancer-free life expectancy and gender disparities.MethodsUsing U.S. Health and Retirement Study data (2004-2020) and a multistate model approach, we estimated...

CONCLUSIONS: To effectively assess autonomy in older adults, the focus must be on life goals and insights from caregivers. Our future tool may address this gap in clinical practice by capturing these essential aspects, ultimately enhancing quality of life in older adults.

CONCLUSION: Frailty, malnutrition, cognitive impairment, and depressive symptoms were frequent among community-dwelling very old adults, particularly women. These cross-sectional findings emphasize the need for multidisciplinary and gender-sensitive strategies within HACs to support functional independence and mental well-being. Longitudinal and multivariate studies are warranted to confirm these associations.

BACKGROUND: The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) is the largest integrated healthcare system in the United States and serves a rapidly aging patient population. The VA's Home-Based Primary Care (HBPC) program is a home care model for older, complex, high-risk Veterans that provides comprehensive, longitudinal primary care delivered by an interdisciplinary team of VA staff, with plans for expansion by 2027. HBPC program implementation varies considerably across local sites and contexts....

CONCLUSION: This study shows a significant association between spousal health and cognitive function among older adults, with frailty serving as a fully mediator in this association. Crucially, activity engagement is associated with a weaker impact of frailty on cognitive abilities, with greater involvement linked to less pronounced cognitive decline. These findings emphasize the dual protective roles of a spouse's health and activity engagement in sustaining cognitive health.

CONCLUSIONS: The literature on vision screening in this population was sparse and there was heterogeneity in current practices, highlighting the need for standardised screening protocols. More research is needed to evaluate vision screening services in this population and to explore implementation barriers.

CONCLUSIONS: This study presents a decade-spanning model that reflects the multifactorial nature of fall risk and the diversity of aging trajectories in the U.S., providing a foundation for more inclusive and personalized fall prevention strategies.

CONCLUSIONS: The Turkish adaptation of GLFS-25 is a valid, reliable, and culturally appropriate tool for assessing locomotive dysfunction in Turkish older adults. Its strong psychometric properties and high correlation with functional mobility indicators suggest that it can be effectively integrated into geriatric healthcare and rehabilitation programs. Given the rapid aging of Turkey's population, this tool can support early detection, prevention strategies, and policy development to mitigate...

CONCLUSION: Lower educational attainment, musculoskeletal conditions, and abdominal obesity may contribute to a higher likelihood of disability in women. Additionally, abdominal obesity, arthritis and cardiometabolic diseases showed stronger associations with functional disability in women than in men.

CONCLUSIONS: Perceived fatigability is prevalent among older adults and exhibits strong associations with age, educational level, alcohol drinking, PA, depressive and anxiety symptoms, and sleep quality in regional China. These findings suggested that fatigability is a public health problem among older adults in China and particular attention should be paid to burden caused by fatigability and its associated factors.

CONCLUSION: Overall, the data suggest that the health status of Swedish centenarians has worsened over time. Although some of these changes may reflect improved diagnostics and increased drug prescriptions, it is likely that morbidity has also risen as a result of greater survival from disease at older ages.

CONCLUSION: The free health check-up program for the elderly was associated with a reduction in their medical use and an increase in their health, positioning it as a potential model for other countries grappling with an ageing populace. Despite free nature of the program, the increment in the health check-up utilization remains low among the elderly. Enhanced efforts to promote effective use and follow-up consultation are necessary.

Aging impairs hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), driving clonal hematopoiesis, myeloid malignancies, and immune decline. The role of lysosomes in HSC aging-beyond their passive mediation of autophagy-is unclear. We show that lysosomes in aged HSCs are hyperacidic, depleted, damaged, and aberrantly activated. Single-cell transcriptomics and functional analyses reveal that suppression of hyperactivated lysosomes using a vacuolar ATPase (v-ATPase) inhibitor restores lysosomal integrity and metabolic...

Previous reports revealed immune dysfunction, chromosomal abnormalities, cytokine deregulation, and telomere alterations after prolonged spaceflight. However, the stress of space on hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) and the resilience properties maintaining lifelong hematopoiesis and immunity were not studied. We performed HSPC functionally organized multi-omics aging and resilience (HSPC-FOMA-R) analyses in 9 astronauts before, during, and after three short-duration International...

Translation is made of initiation, elongation, and termination. The role of termination in relaying extracellular outputs to the translation machinery is unknown. We show, in mice, that the controlled recycling of ribosomes post-termination is a major checkpoint that integrates mitogenic signals and antiviral responses. In detail, the recycling of ribosomes at stop codons, maximal translation, and cellular proliferation strictly depend on eIF6 phosphorylation, both in vitro and in vivo. Lack of...

Structural topology develops non-linearly across the lifespan and is strongly related to cognitive trajectories. We gathered diffusion imaging from datasets with a collective age range of zero to 90 years old (N = 4,216). We analyzed how 12 graph theory metrics of organization change with age and projected these data into manifold spaces using Uniform Manifold Projection and Approximation. With these manifolds, we identified four major topological turning points across the lifespan - around...

We investigate the effects of α-Klotho, an anti-aging hormone, on cell proliferation across three tissues with varying regenerative capacities in the context of aging. Using young and old wild-type mice, alongside old heterozygous Klotho-deficient mice, we administered soluble α-Klotho (sKL) daily for 10 weeks to elucidate the impact of α-Klotho deficiency and its supplementation. Our investigation spanned three organs: the small intestine, the kidney, and the heart. We measured cell cycle...

Senescence-associated frailty and sarcopenia are global challenges. We here investigated neuronal activity and skeletal muscle biology in senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) mice with scalp acupuncture stimulation (SAPS). Excise activity was assessed using rotarod test in the three groups: SAMP8 mice receiving SAPS (SP8-Ap), SAMP8 controls (SP8-C), and senescence-accelerated mouse resistant 1 controls (SR1). SP8-Ap exhibited significantly improved exercise activity compared to SP8-C....

Aneuploid cells are known to increase with age. Previously, we demonstrated an increased number of aneuploid fibroblasts isolated from aged mice due to chromosomal instability (CIN), which is caused by oxidative stress. It is unclear whether this phenomenon also occurs in human cells, which are more resistant to oxidative stress than mouse cells. Here, we found that fibroblasts from aged individuals exhibited an increase in aneuploid cells. The frequency of chromosome missegregation and...