Aging & Longevity

Muscle atrophy is characterized by a decrease in muscle mass, strength, and activity. Recently, it was determined that microRNAs (miRNAs) can regulate muscle atrophy and that dexamethasone (Dex), an allergy and autoimmune disorder treatment that can induce muscle atrophy. Therefore, this study was designed to identify miRNAs expressed in Dex-induced muscle atrophy in mice using small RNA sequencing. A total of 820 miRNAs were identified, with 58 miRNAs expressed explicitly in atrophic muscles....

Lithium dendrites, with their high reactivity, pose a critical challenge to the safety and longevity of lithium-based batteries. Effective regulation strategies are crucial for mitigating battery degradation and enhancing reliability. Conventional approaches, such as relaxation following lithium plating or regulated discharging, often fail to simultaneously address the formation of solid electrolyte interface and isolated lithium. Here, we demonstrate that rational utilization of electric field...

CONCLUSION: This study underscores the significant relationship between sarcopenic obesity and depression in a large U.S. middle-aged and elderly population. Interventions focusing on weight control and muscle mass enhancement through proper nutrition and physical activity may reduce depression incidence, thereby promoting healthy aging.

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Alveolar macrophages (AMs) are lung-resident macrophages critical to lung homeostasis and immunity. Replacement of embryonic-derived tissue-resident AMs (TRAMs) by circulating monocyte-derived AMs (MoAMs) reshapes the functionality of AMs and host susceptibility to respiratory diseases. However, mechanisms underlying such an AM turnover remain unclear. Using a mouse model of Streptococcus pneumoniae (S.P.) infection, we show here that respiratory S.P. infection induces the recruitment and...

T cell aging contributes to the lower vaccine efficacy in older adults, yet the molecular mechanism remains elusive. Here, we show the density of initially responding naïve CD4^(+) T cells is instructive in T follicular helper (TFH) cell fate decisions and declines with age. A lower number of initially responding cells did not affect TFH differentiation at peak responses after immunization but accounted for an increased contraction phase manifesting as a larger loss of CXCR5 expression....

Specific phytohormone combinations regulate plant growth and responses to environmental stimuli. Monitoring their distribution is key for understanding signaling cross-talk and detecting plant stress early. However, typical means of monitoring these chemicals are often laborious, destructive, or limited to model plants. In this study, we present an amperometric and minimally invasive sensing platform that can be attached to plant leaves for the simultaneous detection of two key phytohormones,...

Age-associated B cells (ABCs) with autoreactive properties accumulate with age and expand prematurely in autoimmune diseases. However, the mechanisms behind ABC generation and maintenance remain poorly understood. We show that continuous B cell receptor (BCR) signaling is essential for ABC development from anergic B cells in aged and autoimmune mice. ABCs exhibit constitutive BCR activation, with surface BCRs being internalized. Notably, anergic B cells, but not nonautoreactive B cells,...

Decline of mitochondrial respiratory chain (mtRC) capacity is a hallmark of mitochondrial diseases. Patients with mtRC dysfunction often present reduced skeletal growth as a sign of premature cartilage degeneration and aging, but how metabolic adaptations contribute to this phenotype is poorly understood. Here we show that, in mice with impaired mtRC in cartilage, reductive/reverse TCA cycle segments are activated to produce metabolite-derived amino acids and stimulate biosynthesis processes by...

Lung interstitial macrophages (IMs) are monocyte-derived parenchymal macrophages whose tissue-supportive functions remain unclear. Despite progress in understanding lung IM diversity and transcriptional regulation, the signals driving their development from monocytes and their functional specification remain unknown. Here, we found that lung endothelial cell-derived Tgfβ1 triggered a core Tgfβ receptor-dependent IM signature in mouse bone marrow-derived monocytes. Myeloid-specific impairment of...

ObjectivesThis study aims to examine the relationship between social connectedness and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among older adults, focusing on the impact of technology accessibility and geographic context (urban vs. rural).MethodsData from the 2021 National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS) with 2303 participants aged 65 and older were used. Confirmatory factor analysis validated measures of social connectedness and HRQoL, followed by regression analysis to explore their...

Male fertility declines during aging. This process mainly affects spermatogonia and Sertoli cells, leading to impaired spermatogenesis and poor-quality sperm production. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are covalently closed RNA molecules produced by backsplicing. In the field of male reproduction, circRNAs boast great potential in the regulation of spermatogenesis and sperm morpho-functional skills. However, their potential role in age-related male reproductive anomalies remains largely elusive. Here,...

INTRODUCTION: Disruptions in estrogen exposure (i.e., surgically induced menopause) have been linked to poorer cognitive aging and dementia risk. Hormone therapy use (e.g., birth control, menopausal hormone therapy) has shown mixed associations with cognitive performance, possibly due to limited cognitive test batteries. To address previous inconsistencies, we investigated baseline data from Investigating Gains in Neurocognition in an Intervention Trial of Exercise (IGNITE). We hypothesized that...

Healthy older adults typically show impaired episodic memory - memory for when and where an event occurred. This selective episodic memory deficit may arise from differential engagement in the retrieval state, a brain state in which attention is focused internally in an attempt to access prior knowledge, and the encoding state, a brain state which supports the formation of new memories and that trades off with the retrieval state. We hypothesize that older adults are biased toward a retrieval...

In vitro fertilization efficiency is limited in part because a fraction of retrieved oocytes fails to fertilize. Accurately evaluating their quality could significantly improve in vitro fertilization efficiency, which would require better understanding how their maturation may be disrupted. Here, we quantitatively investigate the interplay between superovulation and aging in mouse oocytes and their paired granulosa cells using a newly adapted experimental methodology. We test the hypothesis that...

China has experienced an unprecedented increase in nitrogen deposition over recent decades, threatening ecosystem structure, functioning, and resilience. However, the impact of elevated nitrogen deposition on the date of foliar senescence remains widely unexplored. Using 22,780 in situ observations and long-term satellite-based date of foliar senescence measures for woody species across China, we find that increased nitrogen deposition generally delays date of foliar senescence, with strong...

Although the potential benefits of calorie restriction on human lifespan remain uncertain, it is currently one of the most extensively researched non-genetic approaches to extending both lifespan and healthspan in animals. Calorie restriction offers numerous health benefits, including a reduced incidence of age-related diseases. However, calorie restriction also produces a range of negative effects, which are not fully documented and require further investigation, particularly in humans. As the...

CONCLUSIONS: The present study results indicated that a telecare system establishment for older adults faces numerous obstacles. EHealth initiatives in Iran are in their early stages, but it seems that the prerequisite for establishing telemedicine and telecare is the creation of electronic health records.

Can blocking "jumping genes" treat diseases and aging?