Aging & Longevity

CONCLUSION: Resistance training is the most effective exercise modality for enhancing overall cognitive function and inhibitory control in older adults. Physical-mental training offers the greatest benefits for improving working memory and task-switching ability, while aerobic exercise is most beneficial for enhancing memory function. Based on these findings, the recommended exercise protocols are: Resistance Training: 12 weeks, 2-3 times per week, 45 min per session. Aerobic Exercise: 21 weeks,...

Aging is characterized by a steady loss of physiological integrity, leading to impaired function and increased vulnerability to death. Cell senescence is a biological process that progresses with aging and is believed to be a key driver of age-related diseases. Senescence, a hallmark of aging, also demonstrates its beneficial physiological aspects as an anti-cancer, pro-regenerative, homeostatic, and developmental mechanism. A transitory response in which the senescent cells are quickly formed...

Several bat species live >20-40 years, suggesting that they possess efficient anti-aging and anti-cancer defenses. Here we investigate the requirements for malignant transformation in primary fibroblasts from four bat species Myotis lucifugus, Eptesicus fuscus, Eonycteris spelaea, and Artibeus jamaicensis - spanning the bat evolutionary tree and including the longest-lived genera. We show that bat fibroblasts do not undergo replicative senescence, express active telomerase, and show attenuated...

Therapy-induced senescence (TIS) is a major challenge in cancer therapy as senescent cancer cells provoke local and systemic inflammation and might be the cause of recurrences. Elucidation of pathways leading to TIS is of utmost importance for establishing strategies to counteract this. Previously we have shown that temozolomide (TMZ), an alkylating drug used forefront in glioma therapy, causes majorly cellular senescence, which is triggered by the primary damage O⁶-methylguanine, activating the...

Age-related changes in sleep have been associated with cognitive decline, yet causal pathways have not been identified. Evidence suggests reduced cardiovascular health may be a consequence of poor sleep and a precursor to cognitive decline. This observational cohort study used path analyses to determine whether cardiovascular disease risk mediated or moderated effects of sleep on yearly longitudinal change in cognition, estimated with linear growth models. Total sleep time (TST), sleep...

CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Mexican American older adults with multimorbidity and high HGS had a 30% decreased risk of falls over time. Increasing muscle strength through exercise may help prevent falls among those with multimorbidity.

Most genetic conditions are described in pediatric populations, leaving a gap in understanding their clinical progression and management in adulthood. Motivated by other applications of large language models (LLMs), we evaluated whether Llama-2-70b-chat (70b) and GPT-3.5 (GPT) could generate plausible medical vignettes, patient-geneticist dialogues and management plans for a hypothetical child and adult patients across 282 genetic conditions (selected by prevalence and categorized based on...

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CONCLUSIONS: Molecular defects associated with the His139Arg, Tyr113His and P187S polymorphisms manifest as an observable change in the external appearance of the skin. This study underscores the need to move toward scrutinizing the ageing skin changes at molecular levels.

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The incidence of age-associated ailments has increased proportionately with the expansion of the aging demographic. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-aging potential of synbiotic pineapple beverage formulated with 100% pineapple juice, 1% inulin, and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus ATCC 53103 (10 log CFU) in Caenorhabditis elegans and D-galactose age-induced mice. The synbiotic juice-treated nematodes exhibited a 24.52% increase in their lifespan, accompanied by lower levels of reactive oxygen...

Systematic reviews offer clarity about the effectiveness of interventions based on the best available evidence. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 statement updated previous guidance to ensure transparency in the reporting of systematic reviews of intervention effectiveness. To adhere to the 27 items of PRISMA 2020, aging-focused researchers must specify the choice of age-based criteria for the review, comprehensively identify studies, select the...

mtDNA mutator mice (Polg^(mut/mut) mice) have reinforced the mitochondrial theory of aging. These mice accumulate multiple mutations in mtDNA with age due to a homozygous proofreading-deficient mutation in mtDNA polymerase gamma (Polg), resulting in mitochondrial respiratory dysfunction and premature aging phenotypes. However, whether the accumulation of multiple mutations in Polg^(mut/mut) mice induces mitochondrial respiratory dysfunction remains unclear. Here, we determined the accurate mtDNA...

Liver-derived circulating nicotinamide from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD^(+)) catabolism primarily feeds systemic organs for NAD^(+) synthesis. We surprisingly found that, despite blunted hepatic NAD^(+) and nicotinamide production in liver-specific nicotinamide nucleotide adenylyltransferase 1 (NMNAT1) deletion mice (liver-specific knockout [LKO]), circulating nicotinamide and extra-hepatic organs' NAD^(+) are unaffected. Metabolomics reveals a massive accumulation of a novel molecule...

Aging of hematopoietic and immune system (HIS) leads to cellular senescence and immune dysregulation, contributing to age-related diseases. Here, we show that Procyanidin C1 (PCC1), a compound with both senolytic and senomorphic properties, can counteract aging-related changes in HIS. Using single-cell RNA sequencing and validation experiments, we found that aging induced cellular senescence, inflammation, and immune dysregulation in the bone marrow and spleen tissues of mice. Long-term PCC1...

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Muscle power is a better indicator of musculoskeletal health and functional capacity than muscle strength. The Load-Velocity (L-V) relationship provides a method for assessing muscle function during dynamic multi-joint movements, making it valuable for identifying age-related neuromuscular decline. This study aimed to examine the relationship between variables derived from the L-V relationship (L(0), V(0), and A(line)) obtained during the loaded sit-to-stand test and various muscle performance...

Single-cell transcriptome profiling enables unparalleled characterization of the heterogeneous microenvironment of pediatric leukemias. To facilitate comparative analyses and generate pediatric leukemia signatures, we collect, process, and annotate single-cell data comprising over 540,000 cells from 159 different pediatric acute leukemia (myeloid, lymphoid, mixed phenotype lineages) and healthy bone marrow (BM) samples, profiled in our lab and curated from publicly available studies. The...

CONCLUSION: This study focused on quality of life and factors in older adults with possible sarcopenia or sarcopenia. The research results showed that in order to prevent the decline in the quality of life of older adults with sarcopenia, it is very important to regularly examine the oral health status of the older adults, prevent the occurrence of chronic diseases.Multimodal interventions address common sensory impairments.Carry out aging-friendly renovation of the home environment and conduct...

The locus coeruleus (LC), one of the earliest structures affected by tau pathology in Alzheimer's disease (AD), plays an important role in modulating arousal and learning. In asymptomatic early stages of AD, more sensitive measures to identify subtle cognitive changes are needed. Previous studies indicate that practice effects can signal initial AD-related learning deficits. Here, we assessed the association between LC integrity and practice effects. We combined dedicated LC-MRI methods with...