Aging & Longevity

Aging is associated with a progressive decline in circulating insulin-like growth factor- 1 (IGF- 1) levels in humans, which has been implicated in the pathogenesis of sarcopenia. IGF- 1 is an anabolic hormone that plays a dual role in maintaining skeletal muscle health, acting both directly on muscle fibers to promote growth and indirectly by supporting the vascular network that sustains muscle perfusion. However, the microvascular consequences of IGF- 1 deficiency in aging muscle remain poorly...

With aging, the hippocampal formation shows variable structural atrophy, which is associated with a decline in cognitive performance. Bilingualism is related to higher hippocampal gray matter volume (GMV), potentially representing a form of brain reserve in aging. However, the differential influence of bilingualism on hippocampal subregions remains unclear. Thus, we investigated GMV differences and differences in age-GMV relationships between mono- and bilinguals in the hippocampal formation and...

Longevity research aims to extend the healthspan while minimizing the duration of disability and morbidity, known as the sickspan. Most longevity interventions in model organisms extend healthspan, but it is not known whether they compress sickspan relative to the lifespan. Here, we present a theory that predicts which interventions compress relative sickspan, based on the shape of the survival curve. Interventions such as caloric restriction that extend mean lifespan while preserving the shape...

No abstract

CONCLUSIONS: The influence of protein on muscle mass was not significantly efficacious, and mixed results were shown for muscle strength and physical performance. Further well-designed studies are needed to determine the effectiveness of protein supplementation to maximize its potential benefits in older individuals with physical inactivity.

CONCLUSIONS: CGA provides rationale for oral health problem analysis, treatment planning, and oral healthcare. The expert opinions underscore the importance of comprehensive and individualized care plans suggested in the oral treatment plan model. The multiple dimensions of CGAs include systemic and oral health, socioeconomic factors, dependency, cognitive and mental health, swallowing problem, nutrition, and fall risk. The selection of assessment tools should be optimized based on the purposes...

CONCLUSION: High serum 25(OH)D levels and vigorous recreational activity have been linked to a reduced risk of oral care need among older adults. 25(OH)D is a potential mediator of the reduced need for oral health care associated with vigorous recreational activity when combined effects are considered. Vitamin D supplementation and increased physical activity may be a potential cost-effective oral public health strategy for older adults.

Clonal dominance characterizes hematopoiesis during aging and increases susceptibility to blood cancers and common nonmalignant disorders. VEXAS syndrome is a recently discovered, adult-onset, autoinflammatory disease burdened by a high mortality rate and caused by dominant hematopoietic clones bearing somatic mutations in the UBA1 gene. However, pathogenic mechanisms driving clonal dominance are unknown. Moreover, the lack of disease models hampers the development of disease-modifying...

No abstract

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are non-coding RNAs mostly derived from exons of protein-coding genes via a back-splicing process. The expression of hundreds of circRNAs accumulates during healthy aging and is associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) proteins. In C. elegans, many circRNAs were previously found to accumulate during aging, with loss of age-accumulated circRNAs derived from the CREB gene (circ-crh-1) to increase mean...

CONCLUSION: Olfactory decline is related to both increased cerebrovascular burden and accelerated brain atrophy over time.

CONCLUSIONS: Community-living older Americans who reside in disadvantaged counties have a higher incidence of frailty, probable dementia, and ADL disability over a 5-year follow-up period compared to their non-disadvantaged counterparts. Findings underscore the vital, underappreciated role that county-level social contextual disadvantage plays on clinically meaningful outcomes in older persons in the U.S.

PURPOSE: This study aims to synthesize existing evidence on the effectiveness of nonpharmacological interventions designed to increase the intrinsic capacity (IC) of community-dwelling older adults.

No abstract

Aging is an inevitable biological process, driven in part by increased oxidative stress, which accelerates cellular damage and contributes to immune system dysfunction. Therefore, targeting oxidative stress has emerged as a potential strategy. Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), a potent antioxidant, has demonstrated significant efficacy in reducing oxidative stress and modulating immune responses, making it a promising therapeutic candidate. In this study, we investigated the effects of aging on...

CONCLUSION: MCT had beneficial effects on functional and cognitive performance in older adults, as assessed by the DT test. However, improvements in DT performance did not translate into better daily life activities. Although the 4-month detraining period negatively impacted DT performance, the results remained superior to baseline levels.

CONCLUSIONS: Both insufficient and excessive nighttime sleep at baseline were linked to diminished physical performance. For older adults, a nap duration approximately 50 min may be potentially optimal for maintaining grip strength. These findings highlight the importance of proper sleep management, particularly for men over 65 years old with low activity levels, in preserving physical function and reducing the risk of mobility decline.

Background: The assessment of appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) is central to the diagnosis of sarcopenia (SA). We developed an anthropometric model for estimating ASM and tested its validity to identify SA and associated risk of disability (RSA) in older women. Methods: The equation was developed with 89 women (60-88 years, 72 ± 6 years), with a cross-validation sample of 12 women (60-84 years, 67 ± 5 years). Validity was determined through concordance between actual versus estimated...

Interoception refers to the body's perception and regulation of internal physiological states and involves complex neural mechanisms and sensory systems. The current definition of interoception falls short of capturing the breadth of related research; here, we propose an updated definition. Homeostasis, a foundational principle of integrated physiology, is the process by which organisms dynamically maintain optimal balance across all conditions through neural, endocrine, and behavioral...

The general association between longevity and energy metabolism has been well-documented for some time, yet the specific metabolic processes that regulate longevity remain largely unexplored. In contrast to the common active swimming daphnids (e.g., Daphnia sinensis), Simocephalus vetulus is notable for being sedentary and having a lower metabolic rate, yet it has a longer lifespan than D. sinensis. In this study, metabolomic analysis and drug validation experiments are employed to demonstrate...