Aging & Longevity

The complex gut microbiome influences host aging and plays an important role in the manifestation of age-related diseases. Restoring a healthy gut microbiome via Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) is receiving extensive consideration to therapeutically transfer healthy longevity. Herein, we comprehensively review the benefits of gut microbial rejuvenation - via FMT - to promote healthy aging, with few studies documenting life length properties. This review explores how preconditioning donors...

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a complex polygenic neurodegenerative disorder. Its genetic risk's relationship with all-cause dementia may be influenced by the plasma proteome. Up to 40,139 UK Biobank participants aged ≥ 50y at baseline assessment (2006-2010) were followed-up for ≤ 15 y for dementia incidence. Plasma proteomics were performed on a sub-sample of UK Biobank participants (k = 1,463 plasma proteins). AD polygenic risk scores (PRS) were used as the primary exposure and Cox proportional...

Oncogenic transformation and Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc (OSKM)-mediated induction of pluripotency are two independent and incompatible cellular fates. While continuous expression of OSKM can convert normal somatic cells into teratogenic pluripotent cells, it remains speculative what is the impact of transient OSKM expression in cancer cells. Here, we find that OSKM expression limits the growth of transformed lung cells by inducing apoptosis and senescence. We identify Oct4 and Klf4 as the main...

Heterogeneous catalysts with highly dispersed active particles on supports often face stability challenges during high-temperature industrial applications. The ex-solution strategy, which involves in situ extrusion of metals to form socketed particles, shows potential for addressing this stability issue. However, a deeper understanding of the relationship between the socketed geometry of these partially embedded nanoparticles and their catalytic performance is still lacking. Here, in situ...

This cross-sectional study examined the association between gut microbiota composition and locomotive syndrome in 568 healthy Japanese adults (36.8% male, median age 58.5 years) using data from the Kanagawa "ME-BYO" Prospective Cohort Study. Locomotive syndrome was assessed using the 5-question Geriatric Locomotive Function Scale (GLFS-5). Linear discriminant analysis effect size showed an enrichment of Actinobacteria and depletion of Firmicutes in GLFS-5 positive individuals. Classification...

GdVO(4):Eu^(3+) nanoparticles (OVNPs) have previously been shown to exhibit anti-aging effects in old rats.The accelerated aging model (overnutrition in early postnatal ontogenesis (POF)) was used to confirm the effect of OVNPs as a potential geroprotector. A comparative study of the effect of OVNPs, calorierestriction (CR) and CR-mimetic-metformin was carried out using a number of criteria: survival, prooxidant-antioxidant balance in the liver and blood, physiological parameters of male Wistar...

Endothelial cell (EC) senescence is a major contributor in atherosclerosis (AS) development. Herein, the role of forkhead box P transcription factor 1 (FOXP1) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 in regulating EC senescence during AS progression was investigated. The mRNA and protein expressions were assessed using qRT-PCR and western blot. IL-1β and IL-18 secretion levels were analyzed by ELISA. Cell viability and pyroptosis were determined by MTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively. SA...

This article examines the framing and public perception of longevity biotechnology, or geroscience, which aims to extend both healthspan and lifespan by targeting the biological processes of aging. Although often seen as moving into the mainstream, questions remain about its ability to meet these ambitious goals, given the complexities of understanding and manipulating aging biology. Drawing on an analysis of qualitative studies and surveys conducted over the past two decades, this paper...

There is a critical need to generate age- and sex-specific survival curves to characterize chronological aging consistently across nonhuman primates (NHP) used in biomedical research. Sex-specific Kaplan-Meier survival curves were computed in 12 translational aging models: baboon, bonnet macaque, chimpanzee, common marmoset, coppery titi monkey, cotton-top tamarin, cynomolgus macaque, Japanese macaque, pigtail macaque, rhesus macaque, squirrel monkey, and vervet/African green. After employing...

Non-essential amino acids are often overlooked in biomedical research; however, they are crucial components of organismal metabolism. One such metabolite that is integral to physiological function is serine. Serine acts as a pivotal link connecting glycolysis with one-carbon and lipid metabolism, as well as with pyruvate and glutathione syntheses. Interestingly, increasing evidence suggests that serine metabolism may impact the aging process, and supplementation with serine may confer benefits...

Senescent osteocytes are key contributors to age-related bone loss and fragility; however, the impact of mechanobiological changes in these cells remains poorly understood. This study provides a novel analysis of these changes in primary osteocytes following irradiation-induced senescence. By integrating subcellular mechanical measurements with gene expression analyses, we identified significant, time-dependent alterations in the mechanical properties of senescent bone cells. Increases in...

The intricate neurofluid dynamics and balance is essential in preserving the structural and functional integrity of the brain. Key among these forces are: hemodynamics, such as heartbeat-driven arterial and venous blood flow, and hydrodynamics, such as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) circulation. The delicate interplay between these dynamics is crucial for maintaining optimal homeostasis within the brain. Currently, the widely accepted framework for understanding brain functions is the Monro-Kellie's...

This study identifies senescent osteocytes in the femur and tibia of young rodents and explores their role in bone remodeling. The proximity of osteoclasts to senescent osteocytes was observed, which is a new finding. Cultured osteocytes, sorted using a podoplanin antibody in FACS, exhibited osteocytic characteristics and increased senescence-related genes. Senescent osteocytes secreted cytokines associated with senescence, remodeling, and inflammation. Notably, IGF1 and MMP2 were elevated in...

Frailty is a syndrome that can inform clinical treatments and interventions for older adults. Although implementation of frailty across medical subspecialties has the potential to improve care for the aging population, its uptake has been heterogenous. While frailty assessment is highly integrated into certain medical subspecialties, other subspecialties have only recently begun to consider frailty in the context of patient care. In order to advance the field of frailty-informed care, we aim to...

BACKGROUND: Nearly two decades ago, the Eight Americas study offered a novel lens for examining health inequities in the USA by partitioning the US population into eight groups based on geography, race, urbanicity, income per capita, and homicide rate. That study found gaps of 12·8 years for females and 15·4 years for males in life expectancy in 2001 across these eight groups. In this study, we aimed to update and expand the original Eight Americas study, examining trends in life expectancy from...

OBJECTIVES: As we age our cognitive abilities can change. However, the degree of change experienced is influenced by a range of factors. To understand what the public know about risk and protective factors for cognitive ageing, a systematic review was conducted of studies considering what people know about brain health.

Liquid-to-solid phase transition of proteins with prion-like domains (PLDs) has been associated with neurodegenerative diseases and aging. High protein concentration is one important aspect triggering the transition; however, several prion-like proteins, including fibrillarin (FBL), an important phase-separated protein in the nucleolus for pre-rRNA processing, show relatively high expression levels in certain cells, especially cancer cells, without obvious phase transitions and growth arrest....

Research has shown age-related declines in cognitive control in the context of interference, but these studies have focused on frontoparietal networks and less is known about impacts on motor response-related dynamics in the face of distractors. Thus, we examined whether healthy aging affected connectivity between attention networks and motor circuitry using a multisource interference task and magnetoencephalography in 72 healthy-aging participants (28-63 years-old). Our results indicated...

CONCLUSIONS: RT promotes muscle hypertrophy in older adults at both whole-muscle and fiber levels, with training duration potentially influencing the response. Measures of leg lean mass may not capture RT-induced adaptation.

CONCLUSIONS: We did not find any association between continuous parity, reproductive period length or hormonal replacement therapy use and dementia. Social factors of motherhood appear to play an important role, and group specific effects of parity and hormonal replacement therapy require further study.