Aging & Longevity

Protein-rich diets shorten lifespan but increase fecundity in many organisms. Animals actively adjust their feeding behavior to meet their nutritional requirements. However, the neural mechanisms underlying the dynamic regulation of protein consumption remain unclear. Here we find that both sexes of fruit flies exhibit a preference for protein food before mating to prepare for reproduction. Mated female flies display an increased appetite for yeast to benefit their offspring, albeit at the cost...

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Cellular senescence is a stress response that restrains the growth of aged, damaged or abnormal cells. Thus, senescence has a crucial role in development, tissue maintenance and cancer prevention. However, lingering senescent cells fuel chronic inflammation through the acquisition of a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), which contributes to cancer and age-related tissue dysfunction. Recent progress in understanding senescence has spurred interest in the development of approaches...

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive, incurable disease associated with smoking and advanced age, ranking as the third leading cause of death worldwide. DNA damage and loss of the central metabolite nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD^(+)) may contribute to both aging and COPD, presenting a potential avenue for interventions. In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, we treated patients with stable COPD (n = 40) with the NAD^(+) precursor...

Effects from aging in single cells are heterogenous, whereas at the organ- and tissue-levels aging phenotypes tend to appear as stereotypical changes. The mammary epithelium is a bilayer of two major phenotypically and functionally distinct cell lineages: luminal epithelial and myoepithelial cells. Mammary luminal epithelia exhibit substantial stereotypical changes with age that merit attention because these cells are the putative cells-of-origin for breast cancers. We hypothesize that effects...

Ageing is an inevitable and multifaceted biological process that impacts a wide range of cellular and molecular mechanisms, leading to the development of various diseases, such as liver fibrosis. Liver fibrosis progresses to cirrhosis, which is an advanced form due to high amounts of extracellular matrix and restoration of normal liver structure with failure to repair damaged tissue and cells, marking the end of liver function and total liver failure, ultimately death. The most important factors...

The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in the hypothalamus regulates circadian timing system (CTS) by co-ordinating peripheral tissue clocks and extra-SCN oscillators in the brain. Aging disrupts the CTS, impairing physiological functions and reducing antioxidant defences, which contribute to neurodegeneration. The brain is vulnerable to oxidative damage due to its high metabolic activity, oxygen consumption, and levels of iron and lipids. Antioxidant enzymes, such as catalase (CAT), glutathione...

Cellular senescence is involved in critical processes in tumor progression. Despite this potential relationship, the relationship between tumor cell senescence, prognostic significance, spread through air spaces (STAS), and tumor histology has not been investigated in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). We used the LUAD PanCancer Atlas dataset to assess senescence cell signature (SCS) based on the SenMayo gene set. We examined the relationship between SCS, prognostic significance, STAS, and tumor...

CONCLUSION: The study found a 23.4% prevalence of loneliness among elderly individuals in China. SHAP values indicated that marital status has the strongest evaluative value across all forecasting periods. Specifically, elderly individuals who are never married, widowed, divorced, or separated are more likely to experience loneliness compared to their married counterparts.

Senescence of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) impairs their stemness and osteogenic differentiation, which is the principal cause of senile osteoporosis (SOP). Imbalances in nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) homeostasis have been linked to aging and various diseases. Herein, reduction of NAMPT and impaired osteogenesis were observed in BMSCs from aged human and mouse. Knockdown of Nampt in BMSCs promotes lipogenic differentiation and increases age-related bone loss....

Several crucial acceleration periods exist during aging process. Epigenetic clocks, serving as indicators of aging, are influenced by genetic factors. Investigating how the genetic contributions on these clocks change with age may provide novel insights into the aging process. In this study, based on 1084 adult twins from the Chinese National Twin Registry (CNTR), we established structural equation models (SEMs) to evaluate the trends in genetic influence with aging for epigenetic clocks, which...

This study aims to understand the metabolic mechanisms of unintentional weight loss in older adults. We investigated plasma metabolite associations of subsequent weight change over 2 years in 1536 previously weight stable participants (mean age 74.6 years, 50% women, 35% Black) from the Health, Aging and Body Composition (Health ABC) Study. Multinomial logistic regressions were used to examine associations of the 442 metabolites with weight loss with/without an intention and weight gain >3%...

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Understanding the pathophysiology of neurological symptoms observed after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) infection is essential to optimizing outcomes and therapeutics. To date, small sample sizes and narrow molecular profiling have limited the generalizability of findings. In this study, we profiled multiple cortical and subcortical regions in postmortem brains of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and controls with matched pulmonary pathology (total...

Hypertension, a major modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, is linked to late-life neurocognitive disorders such as vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study explores the associations between hypertension, intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD), cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD), and Alzheimer's disease neuropathologic change (ADNC) in a large community-based autopsy study. This cross-sectional study used data from the Biobank for Aging Studies of the...

Introduction The aging process of the incarcerated population is a growing concern, yet there are few data on older adults in this demographic group. Hence, this study seeks to examine the health status of older adults who are incarcerated in Mexican prisons and its association with the duration of their imprisonment. Methods This is a secondary analysis of the 2021 Mexico National Prisons Survey. We analyzed 50-year-old and older prisoners, and performed a descriptive analysis of the sample's...

Aging has a detrimental impact on white matter, resulting in reduced volume, compromised structural integrity of myelinated axons, and an increase in white matter hyperintensities. These changes are closely linked to cognitive decline and neurological disabilities. The deterioration of myelin and its diminished ability to regenerate as we age further contribute to the progression of neurodegenerative disorders. Understanding these changes is crucial for devising effective disease prevention...

The aging of pancreatic beta cells is closely associated with various diseases, such as impaired glucose tolerance, yet the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we screened young and aged mouse pancreatic beta cells' high-throughput sequencing data from the GEO public database. Utilizing bioinformatics techniques, we identified the key regulatory factor YY1 in the aging process of pancreatic islets. We observed a significant decrease in the expression of YY1 in a...

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia among elderly people. This disease imposes a significant burden on the healthcare system, society, and economy due to the increasing global aging population. Current trials with drugs or bioactive compounds aimed at reducing cerebral Amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques and tau protein neurofibrillary tangles, which are the two main hallmarks of this devastating neurodegenerative disease, have not provided significant results in terms of their...

Unraveling the molecular nature of skin aging and keratinocyte senescence represents a challenging research project in epithelial biology. In this regard, depletion of p63, a p53 family transcription factor prominently expressed in human and mouse epidermis, accelerates both aging and the onset of senescence markers in vivo animal models as well as in ex vivo keratinocytes. Nonetheless, the biochemical link between p63 action and senescence phenotype remains largely unexplored. In the present...