Aging & Longevity

The intricate organization of distinct cellular compartments is paramount for the maintenance of normal biological functions and the orchestration of complex biochemical reactions. These compartments, whether membrane-bound organelles or membraneless structures like Cajal bodies and RNA transport granules, play crucial roles in cellular function. Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) serves as a reversible process that elucidates the genesis of membranelles structures through the self-assembly...

Studies of laminopathy-based progeria offer insights into aging-associated diseases and highlight the role of LMNA in chromatin organization. Mandibuloacral dysplasia type A (MAD) is a largely unexplored form of atypical progeria that lacks lamin A post-translational processing defects. Using iPSCs derived from a male MAD patient carrying homozygous LMNA p.R527C, premature aging phenotypes are recapitulated in multiple mesenchymal lineages, including mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Comparison...

Genetic factors play a significant role in determining an individual's longevity. The present study was aimed at identifying genetic variants associated with longevity in Indian population. Long living individuals (LLIs), aged 85+, were compared with younger controls, aged 18-49 years, using data from GenomegaDB, a genetic database of Indians living in India. An in-house developed custom chip, having variants associated with various cancers, cardiovascular, neurological, gastro-intestinal,...

Understanding the genetics of kidney function decline, or trait change in general, is hampered by scarce longitudinal data for GWAS (longGWAS) and uncertainty about how to analyze such data. We use longitudinal UK Biobank data for creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rate from 348,275 individuals to search for genetic variants associated with eGFR-decline. This search was performed both among 595 variants previously associated with eGFR in cross-sectional GWAS and genome-wide. We use...

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CONCLUSION: Among healthy, physically active older adults, ALMI and incidence of sarcopenia were not improved by treatment of daily 2000 IU vitamin D, daily 1 g omega-3s, or a simple home exercise program compared with control over 3 years.

Lineages of rod-shaped bacteria such as Escherichia coli exhibit a temporal decline in elongation rate in a manner comparable to cellular or biological aging. The effect results from the production of asymmetrical daughters, one with a lower elongation rate, by the division of a mother cell. The slower daughter compared to the faster daughter, denoted respectively as the old and new daughters, has more aggregates of damaged proteins and fewer expressed gene products. We have examined further the...

Ethylene is widely recognized as a positive regulator of leaf senescence. However, how plants coordinate the biosynthesis of ethylene to meet the requirements of senescence progression has not been determined. The rate-limiting enzyme in the ethylene biosynthesis pathway is ACC synthase. AtACS7 was previously considered one of the major contributors to the synthesis of "senescence ethylene" in Arabidopsis. However, the "brake signal" that fine-tunes the expression of AtACS7 to ensure optimal...

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CONCLUSIONS: In this cohort, several community-wide social/environmental factors were associated with MCI. While clinicians should continue to encourage older adults to modify their individual risk factors, policy changes are needed to mitigate social determinants of health in the community.

Commensal bacteria and their derivatives hold significant promise as therapeutic interventions to delay aging. However, with the diverse nature of the soil microbiome and the long lifespan of mammalian models, the exploration of the influence of soil bacteria and bacteria-derived molecules on host aging remains limited. We conducted a lifespan screening in Caenorhabditis elegans using plant root bacterial collection. Our screening identified 8 genera of bacterial isolates capable of extending...

The interest in the Mediterranean diet has grown considerably due to its potential health benefits on the prevention of diverse age-related chronic diseases and its association with longevity. This dietary pattern, considered among the healthiest in the world, is not simply a combination of healthy foods but goes further in its historical and cultural roots. Mediterranean diet is not intrinsically tied to any specific religion or spiritual system, but its cultural and geographical context has...

CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: The findings reveal the heterogeneity of frailty among community-dwelling Japanese older adults, with a high prevalence of cognitive impairment risk. The subgroup with risk of cognitive, physical, and functional decline had the highest mortality risk, highlighting the need for multidimensional assessment and intervention.

Inactivity and ageing can have a detrimental impact on skeletal muscle and the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). Decreased physical activity results in muscle atrophy, impaired mitochondrial function, and NMJ instability. Ageing is associated with a progressive decrease in muscle mass, deterioration of mitochondrial function in the motor axon terminals and in myofibres, NMJ instability and loss of motor units. Focusing on the impact of inactivity and ageing, this review examines the consequences on...

Homeostasis of proteins (proteostasis), which governs protein processing, folding, quality control, and degradation, is a fundamental cellular process that plays a pivotal role in various neurodegenerative diseases and in the natural aging process of the mammalian brain. While the role of neuronal proteostasis in neuronal physiology is well characterized, the contribution of proteostasis of glial cells, particularly of astrocytes, has received fairly less attention in this context. Here, we...

The conception of coffee consumption has undergone a profound modification, evolving from a noxious habit into a safe lifestyle actually preserving human health. The last 20 years also provided strikingly consistent epidemiological evidence showing that the regular consumption of moderate doses of coffee attenuates all-cause mortality, an effect observed in over 50 studies in different geographic regions and different ethnicities. Coffee intake attenuates the major causes of mortality, dampening...

CONCLUSIONS: Identifying LMM/AO in individuals aged 50 or older can be crucial for predicting the risk of mortality. Simple and easily applicable measures can serve as a proxy for sarcopenic obesity and aid in implementing the necessary interventions.

Organismal aging is marked by decline in cellular function and anatomy, ultimately resulting in death. To inform our understanding of the mechanisms underlying this degeneration, we performed standard RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and Oxford Nanopore Technologies direct RNA-seq over an adult time course in Caenorhabditis elegans. Long reads allowed for identification of hundreds of novel isoforms and age-associated differential isoform accumulation, resulting from alternative splicing and terminal...

All organisms use limited energy to grow, survive, and reproduce, necessitating energy allocation tradeoffs, but there is debate over how selection impacted metabolic budgets and tradeoffs in primates, including humans. Here, we develop a method to compare metabolic rates as quotients of observed relative to expected values for mammals corrected for size, body composition, environmental temperature, and phylogenetic relatedness. Contrary to previous analyses, these quotients reveal that nonhuman...