Aging & Longevity

Brain precapillary sphincters, which are surrounded by contractile pericytes and are located at the junction of penetrating arterioles and first-order capillaries, can increase their diameter by ~ 30% in a few seconds during sensory stimulation, allowing for rapid control of capillary blood flow over a wide dynamic range. We hypothesized that these properties could help precapillary sphincters maintain the capillary blood flow and shield the downstream capillaries during surges in blood...

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CONCLUSION: Contrary to our hypothesis, older adults displayed more efficient heat-CPM, independent of chronic pain. Similarly, motor unit control was mostly influenced by age but not chronic knee pain. These findings suggest that age-related changes in pain modulation and motor unit behavior may play a greater role in neuromuscular function than the presence of chronic pain itself.

Tracking the envelope of speech in the brain is important for speech comprehension. Recent research suggests that acoustic background noise can enhance neural speech tracking, enabling the auditory system to robustly encode speech even under unfavorable conditions. Aging and hearing loss are associated with internal, neural noise in the auditory system, raising the question whether additional acoustic background noise enhances neural speech tracking in older adults. In the current...

Pathological events often impact tissue regions in a spatially variable manner, making it challenging to identify therapeutic targets. Spatial transcriptomics (ST) is a powerful technology to map spatially variable molecular mechanisms, yet suitable analytical methods have been lacking. We introduce spatially resolved pathology score (SPaSE), an optimal transport-based algorithm to compare ST data from diseased and control tissues. SPaSE computes a "pathology score" for each spot in the diseased...

CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Vitamin D supplementation produced no measurable improvement in cognitive outcomes in older adults with mild to moderate vitamin D deficiency. The remote trial methodology provides an innovative approach to large-scale trials.

CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Adherence to plant-based dietary patterns was associated with a lower likelihood of being on an unfavorable depressive trajectory, whereas an unhealthy plant-based diet was associated with an increased likelihood of being on an unfavorable depressive trajectory.

CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Although health profiles may help identify conditions most likely impacting health of PWH, frailty may be key to identifying those having the highest needs and at risk for greater home time loss following SNF stays, with this impact varying by age.

CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Community-based frailty management strategies should consider a broader range of psychological factors, such as mental vitality, apathy, and mental well-being. Further research is needed to explore additional psychological dimensions beyond depression and anxiety, and their relationship with frailty and aging-related health outcomes.

BACKGROUND: Given trends towards greater life expectancy, there is an increasing need to promote healthy ageing and add quality and value to older adults' lives, however the evidence regarding the effects on overall health and wellbeing has not been synthesised. Active lifestyles may provide diverse health and wellbeing benefits for older adults in terms of maintaining or improving their physical, psychological, and social functions. This systematic review evaluates whether and how different...

Post-translational modifications (PTMs) regulate protein homeostasis, but how aging impacts PTMs remains unclear. Here, we used mass spectrometry to reveal changes in hundreds of protein ubiquitylation, acetylation, and phosphorylation sites in the mouse aging brain. We show that aging has a major impact on protein ubiquitylation. 29% of the quantified ubiquitylation sites were affected independently of protein abundance, indicating altered PTM stoichiometry. Using iPSC-derived neurons, we...

Ceramic circuit boards (CCBs) have been extensively utilized in 5G communications, aerospace, and artificial intelligence due to their excellent thermal conductivity and electrical performance. However, due to the limitation of manufacturing technologies, the existing CCBs can not take into account both the resolution and thickness, which restricts the miniaturization and high power of the resulting electronics. Herein, we report a standing-CCBs (S-CCBs) with both high-resolution and high...

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The focus of aging research has shifted from increasing lifespan to enhancing healthspan to reduce the time spent living with disability. Despite significant efforts to develop biomarkers of aging, few studies have focused on biomarkers of healthspan. We developed a proteomics-based signature of healthspan [healthspan proteomic score (HPS)] using proteomic data from the Olink Explore 3072 assay in the UK Biobank Pharma Proteomics Project (53,018 individuals and 2,920 proteins). A lower HPS was...

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CD8^(+) T cells exhibit distinct changes with aging, including a diminished naïve cell pool, an expansion of memory and exhausted cells, and altered effector molecule production, altogether leading to increased susceptibility to infection. They have reduced cytotoxicity in vivo, but increased granule content and faster cytotoxic kinetics to target cells in vitro. Whether CD8^(+) T cells from old mice degranulate when activated in vivo, within the aged environment, is unknown. This study...

Gait alterations are recognized as early markers of age-related decline and cognitive impairment. Dual-task assessments, which impose cognitive load while walking, provide valuable insights into gait control limitations and cognitive-motor interactions in aging populations. This study evaluates age-related and cognitive load-induced changes in gait parameters, with a particular focus on asymmetry, and aims to optimize the gait assessment protocol for the Semmelweis Study framework. The...

Multiple studies in mice with genetically disrupted growth hormone (GH) signaling have demonstrated that such disruption results in reduced body size, robustly increased longevity (> 50% in some cases), and improvements across multiple health parameters. However, it remains unclear how generalizable these findings are across mammals. Evidence in rats is limited and inconsistent. These conflicting results highlight the need for further investigation into the role of GH signaling in longevity...

CONCLUSIONS: Frailty trajectories at the end of life varied by cause of death, with neurodegenerative disease decedents exhibiting more severe frailty. These findings underscored the need for early identification of frailty and tailored end-of-life care strategies, particularly for individuals with neurodegenerative diseases who often experienced prolonged and severe frailty.