Aging & Longevity
Regulation of endothelial cell senescence via the miR-217/FOXO3 axis
The accumulation of senescent endothelial cells within the endothelium leads to vascular dysfunction. Independent studies have linked miR-217, a senescence-associated microRNA and FOXO3, a longevity factor, to cellular senescence in different study models. However, their roles and direct interaction in endothelial replicative senescence (RS) remain to be investigated. This study sought to investigate the role of miR-217/FOXO3 axis in endothelial cell senescence. Young and RS HUVEC models were...
Vitamin D deficiency as a risk factor for cognitive decline in individuals aged 50 or older
Longitudinal studies provide conflicting evidence regarding the impact of vitamin D deficiency on cognitive performance in older individuals. The present study aimed to investigate whether vitamin D deficiency is a risk factor for poorer trajectories in global cognition and specific cognitive domains over a six-year follow-up period. This cohort study analysed data from 2625 participants aged 50 years or older from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Vitamin D [25-hydroxyvitamin D,...
The dual ubiquitin binding mode of SPRTN secures rapid spatiotemporal proteolysis of DNA-protein crosslinks
DNA-protein crosslinks (DPCs) are endogenous and chemotherapy-induced genotoxic DNA lesions and, if not repaired, lead to embryonic lethality, neurodegeneration, premature ageing, and cancer. DPCs are heavily polyubiquitinated, and the SPRTN protease and 26S proteasome emerged as two central enzymes for DPC proteolysis. The proteasome recognizes its substrates by their ubiquitination status. How SPRTN protease, an essential enzyme for DPC proteolysis, achieves specificity for DPCs is still not...
Smoking Promotes AT2 Cell Senescence and Exacerbates Pulmonary Fibrosis by Downregulating POT1 via Integratively Inducing CpG Methylation and MECP2-Mediated FOXP2 Transcriptional Binding Inhibition
Smoking is one of the most recognized risk factors for pulmonary fibrosis (PF). However, the underlying mechanism is not well understood. This study reveals smoking increases the risk of developing idiopathic PF (IPF) and that smoked IPF patients exhibit higher levels of senescence markers than non-smoker IPF patients. Moreover, smoking enhances bleomycin (Bleo)-induced PF, along with obvious senescence of type II alveolar (AT2) cells. RNA-seq assay identifies cigarette downregulates protection...
Normative reference values of the phase angle for Korean population: an analysis of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
CONCLUSIONS: This study is the first to establish normative reference values for PhA across the lifespan of a Korean population aged 10-80 years and the cutoff points for diagnosing sarcopenia in older adults.
Patterns of social participation among older adults and their association with self-rated health: the mediating role of activities of daily living
CONCLUSION: Activities of Daily Living mediates the relationship between social participation and Self-rated Health. Attention should be paid to the Activities of Daily Living of older adults, with particular attention to those living alone and those who are chronically ill, and to social resources to enhance the social participation of older persons.
Aging influences protein digestion, absorption and amino acid metabolism
Proteins are essential biomolecules that play indispensable roles in maintaining cellular homeostasis and regulating systemic metabolic processes. Protein deficiency is closely associated with age-related chronic diseases. Our purpose is to reveal the reason of protein deficiency in the elderly and potential treatments. A systematic literature search mainly on human studies addressing gastrointestinal aging and amino acid homeostasis was conducted. This review investigated the effects of aging...
Divergent sex-specific effects on a ketogenic diet: Male, but not female, mice exhibit oxidative stress and cellular senescence
While a ketogenic diet (KD) can improve certain health parameters, evidence from murine and clinical studies suggests that these effects may be dependent on multiple variables. One understudied variable is the role of sex in the response to a KD. Here, we show that a KD-induced increase in p53, p21, and cellular senescence is only observed in male mice, except when they are given estrogen, and in female mice administered tamoxifen. Male, but not female, mice on a KD exhibit an increase in...
High-throughput measurement of Drosophila feeding behavior
Accurate measurement of Drosophila feeding is vital for metabolic and aging studies, but current assays lack the throughput and sensitivity needed for large-scale screens. We introduce FlyPlate-BCA, a 96-well platform that combines automated single-fly tracking with BCA protein quantification for high-resolution, longitudinal intake measurements. FlyPlate-BCA detects a 0.1× nutrient dilution with 90% power using just four replicates, three times fewer than the capillary feeder (CAFE) assay. It...
Accelerating biomedical discoveries in brain health through transformative neuropathology of aging and neurodegeneration
Transformative neuropathology is redefining human brain research by integrating foundational descriptive pathology with advanced methodologies. These approaches, spanning multi-omics studies and machine learning applications, will drive discovery for the identification of biomarkers, therapeutic targets, and complex disease patterns through comprehensive analyses of postmortem human brain tissue. Yet critical challenges remain, including the sustainability of brain banks, expanding donor...
Amyloid and tau pathologies cross-talk to promote Alzheimeŕs disease: novel mechanistic insights
Aging-related declines in energy metabolism represent a key risk factor for the development of amyloid pathology, the earliest hallmark of Alzheimer's disease. Aging also contributes to the emergence of the second major hallmark, tau pathology, whose propagation is facilitated by pre-existing amyloid accumulation. The overlap of amyloid and tau pathologies ultimately leads to neurodegeneration and the onset of Alzheimer's disease-the most prevalent form of dementia. Recent findings underscore a...
The relationship between frailty, BMI, and mortality in older adults: results from the CLHLS
CONCLUSIONS: The mortality risk is elevated among frail elderly individuals, particularly those who are underweight. Overweight exhibits a protective role in both frail and non-frail elderly persons.
Non-canonical functions of DNMT3A in hematopoietic stem cells regulate telomerase activity and genome integrity
DNMT3A is a critical regulator of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) fate decisions and the most recurrently mutated gene in human clonal hematopoiesis (CH). DNMT3A is described as a DNA methyltransferase enzyme, but cells with DNMT3A loss of function show minor changes in DNA methylation that do not correlate with altered gene expression. To explore the possibility that Dnmt3a has DNA-methylation-independent functions in HSCs, we created an allelic series of mice with varying levels of...
Fall history and risk of incident stroke in middle-aged and older adults with possible sarcopenia: A longitudinal cohort study based on CHARLS
CONCLUSION: Fall history independently predicts stroke risk in individuals with PS, highlighting the potential of fall prevention to reduce stroke burden in this population. This study provides novel evidence of a prolonged stroke risk trajectory in Asian PS cohorts, complementing Western studies focused on short-term post-fall risks. The study has several limitations. Self-reported falls may introduce recall bias and lack mechanistic details. Unmeasured confounders such as diet and medication...
Artificial intelligence advances skull stripping across lifespan
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Sex at birth is not always random - mum's age and genetics can play a part
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Unraveling functional decline: the relationship between muscle strength and ultrasound evaluation of biceps brachii thickness
Skeletal muscle characteristics play a crucial role in understanding physical capacity, overall health, and outcomes. Muscle strength and muscle mass are key indicators of muscular function and sarcopenia. While previous research has explored biceps brachii muscle characteristics in isolation, there is a notable gap in comprehensive studies examining the direct correlation between biceps brachii muscle thickness (BMT), as measured by ultrasound, and muscle strength. In community-dwelling elderly...
Multiomic identification of senescent stem cell populations critical for osteoarthritis progression and therapy in subchondral bones
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a challenging degenerative joint disease with limited treatment options. Subchondral bone plays a critical role in maintaining joint homeostasis and influencing OA progression. Here, we investigated the role of senescence in mesenchyme-derived stem/progenitor cells (MDSPCs) during OA progression, aiming to identify potential therapeutic targets. Histopathological evaluations and bioinformatic analyses of OA samples from both humans and mice revealed that EGFR^(+) MDSPCs...
Effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions on inflammaging: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Mindfulness cultivates awareness, presence, and non-judgmental acceptance, enhancing overall well-being. Inflammaging, linking age and aged-related diseases, manifests through heightened levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and CRP, impacting aging indicators like TA, TL, PWV, and FMD. To assess how mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) affect inflammaging, a search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register, and ProQuest Dissertation & Theses Global up to March 2024. Criteria...
GABA, Glx, and GSH in the cerebellum: their role in motor performance and learning across age groups
INTRODUCTION: The cerebellum is essential for motor control and learning, relying on structural and functional integrity. Age-related atrophy leads to Purkinje cell loss, but subtle neurochemical changes in GABA, Glx (glutamate + glutamine), and glutathione (GSH) may precede degeneration and contribute to motor decline.
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