Aging & Longevity
Single-cell phylodynamic inference of stem cell differentiation and tumor evolution
Phylodynamic inference (PI) quantifies population dynamics and evolutionary trajectories using phylogenetic trees. Single-cell lineage tracing enables phylogenetic tree reconstruction for thousands of cells in multicellular organisms, facilitating PI at the cellular level. However, cell differentiation and somatic evolution challenge the direct application of existing PI frameworks to somatic tissues. We introduce scPhyloX, a computational framework modeling structured cell populations by...
HELLS controls mitochondrial dynamics and genome stability in liver cancer by collusion with MIEF1
Dysregulated chromatin remodelers have emerged as critical disease targets. However, owing to the pleiotropic functions of chromatin remodelers, the underlying mechanisms of their effects on cancer have been difficult to elucidate. Here, we investigated the helicase lymphoid-specific (HELLS) oncogenic mechanism by identifying a new direct transcriptional target. Using loss or gain experiments, we identified Mitochondrial elongation factor 1 (MIEF1) as a critical target of the HELLS molecular...
Reactivation of retrotransposable elements is associated with environmental stress and ageing
Retrotransposable elements (RTEs) are interspersed repetitive sequences that represent a large portion of eukaryotic genomes. Ancestral expansions of RTEs directly contributed to the shaping of these genomes and to the evolution of different species, particularly mammals. RTE activity is tightly regulated by different epigenetic mechanisms but this control becomes compromised as cells age and RTEs are reactivated. This dysregulation of RTEs leads to perturbation of cell function and organ and...
Neurobiological effects of music-making interventions for older adults: a systematic review
CONCLUSIONS: High-quality trials are needed to clarify the neurobiological impact of music-making, particularly in MCI populations.
The L-shaped link between total antioxidant capacity and phenotypic age acceleration: evidence from NHANES 2003-2010
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and phenotypic age acceleration (PhenoAgeAccel), a measure of accelerated biological aging, using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Data from the 2003-2010 NHANES surveys, encompassing 16,395 participants, were analyzed. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to reduce data dimensionality. Multivariate logistic regression models were employed to evaluate the...
Association between physical activity and quality of life in Japanese adults aged 85 to 89 years: a cross-sectional study
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that PA is associated with a better health-related QOL. However, no association was observed between PA and psychological well-being in this population. We found that calisthenics were the most commonly performed and that more physically active older adults performed several types of exercises/sports in addition to calisthenics and walking for longer durations. Since few studies have investigated the types of exercises/sports in this age group, these findings...
Human iPSC-derived nephron progenitor cells treat acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease in mouse models
The number of patients requiring dialysis therapy continues to increase worldwide because of the lack of effective treatments for chronic kidney disease (CKD). Furthermore, no curative treatments for acute kidney injury (AKI) have been established. The therapeutic effects of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived nephron progenitor cells (hiPSC-NPCs) on AKI have been reported in mice but not clinically confirmed. There are also no reports examining the therapeutic potential of hiPSC-NPCs on...
Association between Wealth and Mortality in the United States and Europe
CONCLUSIONS: In cohort studies conducted in the United States and Europe, greater wealth was associated with lower mortality, and the association between wealth and mortality appeared to be more pronounced in the United States than in Europe.
Aging, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cerebral microhemorrhages: a preclinical evaluation of SS-31 (elamipretide) and development of a high-throughput machine learning-driven imaging pipeline for cerebromicrovascular protection therapeutic screening
Cerebral microhemorrhages (CMHs, also known as cerebral microbleeds) contribute to vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID), with aging and hypertension being key risk factors. Mitochondrial oxidative stress is a hallmark of cerebrovascular aging, leading to endothelial dysfunction. This study tests the hypothesis that increased mitochondrial oxidative stress contributes to age-related CMH susceptibility and evaluates the mitochondrial-targeted antioxidative peptide SS-31 (elamipretide)...
Vegetarian diet and healthy aging among Chinese older adults: a prospective study
Vegetarian diets are increasingly popular worldwide, but their impact on healthy aging in older adults remains unclear. This study examined the association between vegetarian diets and healthy aging among 2,888 healthy older Chinese adults from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey. Dietary patterns (vegan, ovo-vegetarian, pesco-vegetarian, omnivorous) were derived from a simplified non-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Over a median follow-up of 6 years, after accounting...
Pathways that limit differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitors in the aging brain
No abstract
The impact of age identity on social participation of older adults
CONCLUSION: Different age identities among older adult lead to different identity recognitions, and a positive age identity makes them more willing to participate in society. The government should consider the diversity and complexity of older adult and provide more opportunities for them to participate in social activities in order to improve their quality of life and level of social participation, allowing them to maintain a positive age identity.
Signaling networks in cancer stromal senescent cells establish malignant microenvironment
The tumor microenvironment (TME) encompasses various cell types, blood and lymphatic vessels, and noncellular constituents like extracellular matrix (ECM) and cytokines. These intricate interactions between cellular and noncellular components contribute to the development of a malignant TME, such as immunosuppressive, desmoplastic, angiogenic conditions, and the formation of a niche for cancer stem cells, but there is limited understanding of the specific subtypes of stromal cells involved in...
Alternate Day Fasting Enhances Intestinal Epithelial Function During Aging by Regulating Mitochondrial Metabolism
With advancing age, the decline in intestinal stem cell (ISC) function can lead to a series of degenerative changes in the intestinal epithelium, a critical factor that increases the risk of intestinal diseases in the elderly. Consequently, there is an urgent imperative to devise effective dietary intervention strategies that target the alterations in senescent ISCs to alleviate senescence-related intestinal dysfunction. The 28-month-old naturally aging mouse model was utilized to discover that...
Senescent Endothelial Cells in Cerebral Microcirculation Are Key Drivers of Age-Related Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption, Microvascular Rarefaction, and Neurovascular Coupling Impairment in Mice
With advancing age, neurovascular dysfunction manifests as impaired neurovascular coupling (NVC), microvascular rarefaction, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, contributing to vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). Our previous research established a causal link between vascular senescence induced cerebromicrovascular dysfunction and cognitive decline in accelerated aging models. The present study examines whether chronological aging promotes endothelial senescence, adversely affecting...
Voxel-wise insights into early Alzheimer's disease pathology progression: the association with APOE and memory decline
Longitudinal investigation of the Apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype's impact on Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarker progression, focusing on amyloid beta (Aβ) accumulation and gray matter (GM) atrophy, integrating cognitive decline and baseline levels. Longitudinal florbetapir-PET and T1-weighted MRI data from 100 cognitively normal (CN) and mild cognitive impaired (MCI) participants both with considerable global Aβ accumulation ("high Aβ accumulators") were analyzed using a voxel-wise approach....
Neuronal antenna senses signals from the Bone to Sustain Cognition by boosting autophagy
The common occurrence of cognitive decline is one of the most significant manifestations of aging in the brain, with the hippocampus - critical for learning and memory - being one of the first regions to exhibit functional deterioration. BGLAP/OCN/osteocalcin (bone gamma-carboxyglutamate protein), a pro-youth systemic factor produced by the bone, improves age-related cognitive decline by boosting hippocampal neuronal autophagy. However, the mechanism by which hippocampal neurons detect BGLAP/OCN...
Linking cognitive reserve to neuropsychological outcomes and resting-state frequency bands in healthy aging
INTRODUCTION: As the proportion of older people has surged in the past 100 years, healthy aging has emerged as a crucial topic in neuroscience research. This study aimed to investigate the spectral power of EEG frequency bands during resting-state in older people with high and low cognitive reserve (CR).
Targeting IGF1-Induced Cellular Senescence to Rejuvenate Hair Follicle Aging
The insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) signaling pathway is known as a potent aging modifier, disruption of which consistently associates with lifespan extension across diverse species. Despite this established association, the mechanisms by which IGF-1 signaling modulates organ aging remain poorly understood. In this study, we assessed age-related changes in IGF-1 expression across multiple organs in mice and identified a more prominent increase in skin IGF-1 levels with aging-a phenomenon...
Prevalence and related factors of physical function and cognitive impairment among older adults: a population-based regional cross-sectional study
CONCLUSION: This study showed a high prevalence of various factors related to physical function and cognitive impairment. The results revealed that comprehensive and systematic prevention and control programs for disabilities should be developed to improve the quality of life for older adults.
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